Spectral redshift does not imply an accelerating expansion of the universe

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-456
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Laskaroudis
Keyword(s):  
Red Shift ◽  
Gravity Center ◽  
Erroneous Conclusion ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Spectral Redshift

Spectra received from faraway heavenly objects display a redshift. In this paper, it is shown that there is a moment in time tx at which time the red shift has its minimum value. This moment is different for every object and depends on the distance of the emission from the gravity center of the object. So from the time of the creation of the object and up until the time tx, the red shift is decreasing and from that moment on it is increasing while the object, due to the expansion of the universe, continues to move away with decreasing speed. Due to the change of the red shift from decreasing to increasing, it is possible to observe faraway supernovas with a brightness that is less than what is expected. This observation leads to the erroneous conclusion that the universe is expanding with acceleration. Finally, an explanation is given to the fact that the number of quasars is decreasing in time.

scholarly journals Almost-Pseudo-Ricci Symmetric FRW Universe with a Dynamic Cosmological Term and Equation of State

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mandal ◽  
Avik De ◽  
Tee-How Loo ◽  
Pradyumn Kumar Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Cosmological Term ◽  
Ricci Scalar ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Frw Universe ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

The objective of the present paper is to investigate an almost-pseudo-Ricci symmetric FRW spacetime with a constant Ricci scalar in a dynamic cosmological term Λ(t) and equation of state (EoS) ω(t) scenario. Several cosmological parameters are calculated in this setting and thoroughly studied, which shows that the model satisfies the late-time accelerating expansion of the universe. We also examine all of the energy conditions to check our model’s self-stability.

scholarly journals Is the expansion of universe accelerating or the Photons decelerating?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Hasmukh Tank
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Time Dilation ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Pi Mesons ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

<p>Astronomical observations of the cosmological red-shift are currently interpreted in terms of ‘expansion of universe’ and ‘accelerated-expansion of the universe’, at the rate of <em>H<sub>0</sub> c</em>; here <em>H<sub>0</sub></em> is Hubble’s constant, and c is the speed of light. Whereas a straight-forward derivation presented here suggests that: rather it is the photon which is decelerating, at the rate of <em>H<sub>0</sub> c</em>. Such a deceleration of photons can be caused by virtual electrons, positrons and pi-mesons, contained in the extra galactic quantum vacuum, because: they do have gravitational-acceleration of the same order as <em>H<sub>0</sub> c</em> at their “surfaces”; or by decay of a photon into a lighter photon and a particle of mass <em>h H<sub>0</sub> / c<sup>2</sup></em>. Tired-light interpretations of the cosmological red-shift’ were so far considered as not compatible with the observations of ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’; so in a paper titled: “Wave-theoretical insight into the relativistic ‘length-contraction’ and ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’” (Tank, Hasmukh K. 2013), it has been already shown that any mechanism which can cause ‘cosmological red-shift’ will also cause ‘time-dilation of super-novae light-curves’.  Therefore, we now need not to remain confined to the Big-Bang model of cosmology.</p>

scholarly journals ACCELERATING EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE MAY BE CAUSED BY INHOMOGENEITIES

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1117-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
GYULA BENE ◽  
VIKTOR CZINNER ◽  
MÁTYÁS VASÚTH
Keyword(s):  
Friedmann Equation ◽  
Additional Term ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Homogeneous Approximation ◽  
Spatial Inhomogeneities

We point out that, due to the nonlinearity of the Einstein equations, a homogeneous approximation in cosmology leads to the appearance of an additional term in the Friedmann equation. This new term is associated with the spatial inhomogeneities of the metric and can be expressed in terms of density fluctuations. Although it is not constant, it decays much slower (as t-2/3) than the other terms (like density) which decrease as t-2. The presence of the new term leads to a correction in the scale factor that is proportional to t2and may give account of the recently observed accelerating expansion of the universe without introducing a cosmological constant.

scholarly journals Optical Illusion by Red Shif

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Milky Way ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Optical Illusion ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
System A ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

If all the stars outside our galaxy show the same red shift and pretend expansion of the universe, then it’s probably up to us. We know that the Milky Way is contracting. We expect a blue shift, which we cannot see. Instead of the blue shift, the stars of the Milky Way can be seen as fixed stars. The reason is that the distance is given in meters and decreases as much as the speed of light measured in meters per second. Although in our system a change in the speed of light is neither measurable nor observable, but it seems to be working.

Swampland criteria and cosmological behavior of Tsallis holographic dark energy in Bianchi -III Universe

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Shikha Srivastava ◽  
A. Beesham
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Deceleration Parameter ◽  
Holographic Dark Energy ◽  
Accelerating Universe ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Bianchi Iii ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Hubble Horizon ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Universe Evolution

In this paper, a new form of dark energy, known as Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE), with IR cutoff as Hubble horizon proposed by Tavayef et al. Tsallis holographic dark energy, Phys. Lett. B 781 (2018) 195 has been explored in Bianchi-III model with the matter. By taking the time subordinate deceleration parameter, the solution of Einstein’s field equation is found. The Universe evolution from earlier decelerated to the current accelerated phase is exhibited by the deceleration parameter acquired in the THDE model. It can be seen that the derived THDE model is related to an accelerating Universe with quintessence ([Formula: see text]). The squared sound speed [Formula: see text] also suggests that the THDE model is classically stable at present. In addition, the quintessence phase of the THDE model is analyzed with swampland conjecture to reformulate the accelerating expansion of the Universe.

Rotation as a Source of Accelerating Expansion of the Universe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szummer
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Assuming a hypothesis, that the universe is rotating from the very beginning – as soon as it appeared- creates new possibilities to explain accelerating expansion of the universe. A spinning universe is under the action of two enormous forces: gravitational force and centrifugal force. The difference between the two forces has been shown to give the resultant force that causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate. Applying classical mechanics as a method, I calculated the magnitude of this acceleration, the time when it appeared and how it changes over time. By applying only recognized cosmological parameters, interesting results were obtained that can be checked with astronomical observations. The presence of acceleration of expansion causes the rate of expansion of the universe to continue to increase, which is consistent with astronomical observations. However, the speed of this increase in the rate of expansion becomes slower over time.

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