scholarly journals From using heat to using work: reconceptualising the zero carbon energy transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Eyre
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Product Regulation ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Final Energy Demand

AbstractRecent evidence indicates that the key sources of energy for the zero carbon transition will be renewable electricity sources. The most rapidly expanding sources, photovoltaics and wind produce work, as electricity, directly rather than via heat engines. Making the assumption that these will be the dominant sources of energy in a future zero carbon system, the paper makes two new related and innovative contributions to the literature on the energy transition. First, it shows that the energy transition will be more than just a shift away from carbonaceous fuels, and that it is more usefully thought of as including a systemic shift from heat-producing to work-producing energy sources. Secondly, it shows that this enables very large improvements in the conversion efficiency of final energy, through the use of electricity and hydrogen, in particular in heating and transportation. The paper presents a thought experiment showing a reduction in final energy demand of up to 40% is likely from this effect alone. Technical standards and product regulation for end use conversion efficiency and/or service delivery efficiency seem likely to be key policy instruments.

scholarly journals COVID-19 impacts on energy demand can help reduce long-term mitigation challenge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo Kikstra ◽  
Adriano Vinca ◽  
Francesco Lovat ◽  
Benigna Boza-Kiss ◽  
Bastiaan van Ruijven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Final Energy Demand

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused radical temporary breaks with past energy use trends. However, how a post-pandemic recovery will impact the longer-term energy transition is unclear. Here, we present a set of global COVID-19 shock-and-recovery scenarios that systematically explore the demand-side effect on final energy and GHG emissions. Our pathways project final energy demand reductions of 12 to 40 EJ/yr by 2025 and cumulative CO2 emissions reductions by 2030 of 28 to 53 GtCO2, depending on the depth and duration of the economic downturn and demand-side changes. Recovering from the pandemic with low energy demand practices - embedded in new patterns of travel, work, consumption, and production – reduces climate mitigation challenges. A low energy demand recovery reduces carbon prices for a 1.5°C consistent pathway by 19%, lowers energy supply investments until 2030 by 2.1 trillion USD, and lessens pressure on the upscaling of renewable energy technologies.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Energy Sector Development Trends and Forecast of Final Energy Demand in the Baltic States

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaclovas Miskinis ◽  
Arvydas Galinis ◽  
Inga Konstantinaviciute ◽  
Vidas Lekavicius ◽  
Eimantas Neniskis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
Final Energy Demand ◽  
The Baltic

The paper provides a comparative analysis of economic growth in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and discusses differences in development of the main sectors during the period 2000–2016. Based on detailed analysis of energy sector development, the driving factors influencing changes in primary energy consumption in each country and in the Baltic region are discovered. Increase of renewable energy sources (RES) consumption in the Baltic region over this period by 73.6% is emphasized. The paper presents valuable insights from analysis of trends in final energy consumption by sectors of the national economies, branches of the manufacturing sector, and by energy carriers. Long-term relationships between economic growth and final energy consumption are established. An econometric model was applied to predict final energy demand in the Baltic States for the 2020 horizon. It is emphasized that growing activities in the manufacturing and transport sectors will cause increase of final energy demand in all three countries. Based on detailed analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trends some positive shifts are shown and the necessity of new policies in the transport sector and agriculture is identified. Changes of emission intensity indicators are examined and a potential for decoupling of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from economic growth in Estonia is indicated.

scholarly journals Demand vs supply-side approaches to mitigation: What final energy demand assumptions are made to meet 1.5 and 2 °C targets?

2022 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 102448
Author(s):  
Kate Scott ◽  
Christopher J. Smith ◽  
Jason A. Lowe ◽  
Luis Garcia Carreras
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Final Energy Demand

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Self-Isolation of Residents during a Pandemic on Energy Demand and Indoor Air Quality in a Single-Family Building

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6470
Author(s):  
Walery Jezierski ◽  
Mirosław Zukowski ◽  
Beata Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
The Self ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Final Energy Demand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Isolation Period

This work presents the results of analysis of the final energy demand (Qk) for a single-family house in a pandemic situation and accompanying self-isolation of residents. It was assumed that the object of study is located in Bialystok (Poland). This analysis covers the impact of various factors such as specific periods of the active pandemic phase, the length of the inhabitants’ self-isolation period, the number of residents at home, and the type of energy source used in the building. Based on the results of computational experiments, a deterministic mathematical model of the relationship between these variables was developed, and the effects of the selected factors on the final energy demand were analyzed for the typical meteorological year (TMY) weather data. It turned out that the change in the length of the self-isolation period from 0 to 31 days caused an increase of Qk by about 6.5% for the analyzed building. When the number of inhabitants changed from 1 to 4, Qk increased by 34.7%. A change from 4 to 7 people causes an additional 26.7% increase in Qk. It was found that the structure of energy demand for this building operation during the period of inhabitants’ self-isolation also changed. With the increase in the length of the self-isolation period from 0 to 31 days, the electricity demand (Eel) increases by about 40–42%, while the demand for energy related to fuel consumption (Qg) decreases by about 7–10%. The article also presents an analysis of the impact of residents’ self-isolation on indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort. The simulation results showed that the use of variable air volume ventilation allows the CO2 concentration to be kept significantly below the limit value.

Quantitative Assessment of Advanced Energy Efficiency Retrofitting for Hospitals in India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshman Ravi Teja Pedamallu ◽  
Vivek Kumar Singh ◽  
Alvaro Peixoto Filipe Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Final Energy Demand

Achieving energy efficiency in buildings is an important factor in developed and as well in developing countries in order to meet its energy demand. Over the past few years, a number of reports have been emerged stating that the buildings sectors are responsible for approximately 31% of global final energy demand. Buildings account for 35% of total final energy consumption in India and building energy consumption is growing about 8% per years. Final energy demand in Indian building sector will grow up-to five times by the end of this century, driven by rapid income and population growth. Hospitals are institutions for the care of people with health problems and are usually functional 24hrs a day, all year around, which demands a lot of energy. Health sector is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors in India. By 2020, it is expected to become a $ 280 billion industry. In India hospitals contribute 23% of total energy consumption and the hospital building growth rate 12–15% in last decade. The World Health Organization estimated that India need 80,000 additional hospital beds every year to meet the demands of India’s population. The aim of this study is to assess the energy demand, energy savings & reduced greenhouse gas emissions by increasing the energy efficiency using advanced retrofitting. Bottom-Up Energy Analysis System (BUENAS) is an end use energy demand projection model for Hospital buildings in India, to normalize the assessment of energy-saving models also going to fill the gap in energy demand reduction by energy system modeling and decomposition analysis. Energy efficiency retrofitting of existing buildings plays a major role in developing country like India in order improve its energy security and minimizing the greenhouse gases. The positive effects of retrofitting of energy efficiency and need the policies and target base proposal for government intention to achieve the potential for energy efficiency are discussed.

scholarly journals Actual energy savings of more than 1000 renovated buildings in Geneva

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012145
Author(s):  
Basile Grandjean ◽  
Stefan Schneider ◽  
Pierre Hollmuller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Final Energy Demand

Abstract This study quantifies the annual energy-related retrofit rate of the Geneva building stock (1.7%), based on data concerning the delivered construction permits over the 2010 – 2018 period. By cross-cutting with final energy demand before and after retrofit, we derive an energy-efficient retrofit rate (0.6% for an improvement of 1 class at least, 0.2% for 2 classes at least). Results are analysed as a function of the construction period, as well as of the energy demand before retrofit.

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