scholarly journals Selection and biodiversity change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Godsoe ◽  
Katherine E. Eisen ◽  
Daniel Stanton ◽  
Katherine M. Sirianni
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Change

Are local losses of biodiversity causing degraded ecosystem function?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Vellend
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Degraded Ecosystem ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Local Extirpation

This chapter highlights the scale dependence of biodiversity change over time and its consequences for arguments about the instrumental value of biodiversity. While biodiversity is in decline on a global scale, the temporal trends on regional and local scales include cases of biodiversity increase, no change, and decline. Environmental change, anthropogenic or otherwise, causes both local extirpation and colonization of species, and thus turnover in species composition, but not necessarily declines in biodiversity. In some situations, such as plants at the regional scale, human-mediated colonizations have greatly outnumbered extinctions, thus causing a marked increase in species richness. Since the potential influence of biodiversity on ecosystem function and services is mediated to a large degree by local or neighborhood species interactions, these results challenge the generality of the argument that biodiversity loss is putting at risk the ecosystem service benefits people receive from nature.

scholarly journals Complex community responses underpin biodiversity change following invasion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra R. Kortz ◽  
Anne E. Magurran
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractHow do invasive species change native biodiversity? One reason why this long-standing question remains challenging to answer could be because the main focus of the invasion literature has been on shifts in species richness (a measure of α-diversity). As the underlying components of community structure—intraspecific aggregation, interspecific density and the species abundance distribution (SAD)—are potentially impacted in different ways during invasion, trends in species richness provide only limited insight into the mechanisms leading to biodiversity change. In addition, these impacts can be manifested in distinct ways at different spatial scales. Here we take advantage of the new Measurement of Biodiversity (MoB) framework to reanalyse data collected in an invasion front in the Brazilian Cerrado biodiversity hotspot. We show that, by using the MoB multi-scale approach, we are able to link reductions in species richness in invaded sites to restructuring in the SAD. This restructuring takes the form of lower evenness in sites invaded by pines relative to sites without pines. Shifts in aggregation also occur. There is a clear signature of spatial scale in biodiversity change linked to the presence of an invasive species. These results demonstrate how the MoB approach can play an important role in helping invasion ecologists, field biologists and conservation managers move towards a more mechanistic approach to detecting and interpreting changes in ecological systems following invasion.

scholarly journals Assessing biophysical and socio-economic impacts of climate change on regional avian biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Kapitza ◽  
Pham Van Ha ◽  
Tom Kompas ◽  
Nick Golding ◽  
Natasha C. R. Cadenhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Avian Biodiversity ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractClimate change threatens biodiversity directly by influencing biophysical variables that drive species’ geographic distributions and indirectly through socio-economic changes that influence land use patterns, driven by global consumption, production and climate. To date, no detailed analyses have been produced that assess the relative importance of, or interaction between, these direct and indirect climate change impacts on biodiversity at large scales. Here, we apply a new integrated modelling framework to quantify the relative influence of biophysical and socio-economically mediated impacts on avian species in Vietnam and Australia and we find that socio-economically mediated impacts on suitable ranges are largely outweighed by biophysical impacts. However, by translating economic futures and shocks into spatially explicit predictions of biodiversity change, we now have the power to analyse in a consistent way outcomes for nature and people of any change to policy, regulation, trading conditions or consumption trend at any scale from sub-national to global.

scholarly journals Earth observation for public health: Biodiversity change and emerging disease surveillance

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
Samuel S. Malloy ◽  
John M. Horack ◽  
Jiyoung Lee ◽  
Elizabeth K. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Emerging Disease ◽  
Biodiversity Change

scholarly journals From individuals to communities: How singleton invasive pine saplings lead to biodiversity change in the Brazilian Cerrado hotspot

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 824-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra R. Kortz ◽  
Dalva M. Silva Matos ◽  
Anne E. Magurran
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Biodiversity Change

scholarly journals Social–ecological memory and responses to biodiversity change in a Bribri Community of Costa Rica

AMBIO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1470-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Rodríguez Valencia ◽  
Iain Davidson-Hunt ◽  
Fikret Berkes
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Ecological Memory ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Biodiversity Change

scholarly journals Putting fossils on the map: Applying a geographical information system to heritage resources

2015 ◽  
Vol Volume 111 (Number 11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill van der Walt ◽  
Antony K. Cooper ◽  
Inge Netterberg ◽  
Bruce S. Rubidge ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
South African ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Research Application ◽  
Gis Database ◽  
Biodiversity Change

Abstract A geographical information system (GIS) database was compiled of Permo-Triassic tetrapod fossils from the Karoo Supergoup in South African museum collections. This database is the first of its kind and has great time applicability for understanding tetrapod biodiversity change though time more than 200 million years ago. Because the museum catalogues all differed in recorded information and were not compliant with field capture requirements, this information had to be standardised to a format that could be utilised for archival and research application. Our paper focuses on the processes involved in building the GIS project, capturing metadata on fossil collections and formulating future best practices. The result is a multi-layered GIS database of the tetrapod fossil record of the Beaufort Group of South Africa for use as an accurate research tool in palaeo- and geoscience research with applications for ecology, ecosystems, stratigraphy and basin development.

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