Predicting drive for thinness and bulimic symptoms in female adults: might an act-frequency approach to the measurement of eating attitudes be useful?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingqi Li ◽  
Edward C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms

scholarly journals A cross-sectional examination of the simultaneous association of four emotion regulation strategies with abnormal eating behaviours among women in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Murayama ◽  
Aiko Ohya
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Abstract Background Research has suggested an association between emotion regulation strategies (ERSs) and abnormal eating behaviours/attitudes (AEB), and many studies have examined the association of one particular ERS with AEB. Additionally, different ERSs are reported to be strongly correlated with each other. Therefore, the associations between an individual ERS and AEB, reported previously, may be spurious. The present cross-sectional study aims to examine the simultaneous associations of four ERSs (brooding, reflection, expressive suppression, cognitive reappraisal) with AEB in a sample of women in Japan. Methods The participants comprised 1528 Japanese women (Mage = 40.65 years, SDage = 10.22 years, range 21–59). They self-reported the frequency at which they use these ERSs, their levels of AEB (i.e. drive for thinness, bulimic symptoms), and the confounding variables (e.g. psychological distress and BMI) online. AEB was measured using the Japanese version of the 91-item Eating Disorder Inventory; brooding and reflection were measured using the Japanese version of the Rumination Response Scale; individual differences in the use of reappraisal and expression suppression was measured using the Japanese version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (J-ERQ); and participants’ psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 6 Japanese version (K6-J). Results Correlation analyses revealed that all ERSs were positively correlated with AEB. However, regression analyses revealed inconsistent findings. In the regression model, after controlling for the confounding variables, only brooding indicated a positive association with the drive for thinness. Regarding bulimic symptoms, all ERSs showed a positive association, except reappraisal, which had a weak, negative association. Conclusion These results suggest that brooding is related to the symptom levels of both eating disorders among women, whereas, the other ERSs are related to those of bulimic symptoms only. However, further research is required to clarify the causal relations between AEB and ERSs.

scholarly journals Mental Pain in Eating Disorders: An Exploratory Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Elena Tomba ◽  
Lucia Tecuta ◽  
Valentina Gardini ◽  
Elena Lo Dato
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Clinical Aspect ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Mental Pain ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms

Mental pain (MP) is a transdiagnostic feature characterized by depression, suicidal ideation, emotion dysregulation, and associated with worse levels of distress. The study explores the presence and the discriminating role of MP in EDs in detecting patients with higher depressive and ED-related symptoms. Seventy-one ED patients and 90 matched controls completed a Clinical Assessment Scale for MP (CASMP) and the Mental Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). ED patients also completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Clinical Interview for Depression (CID-20), and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40). ED patients exhibited significantly greater severity and higher number of cases of MP than controls. Moreover, MP resulted the most important cluster predictor followed by BDI-II, CID-20, and EAT-40 in discriminating between patients with different ED and depression severity in a two-step cluster analysis encompassing 87.3% (n = 62) of the total ED sample. Significant positive associations have been found between MP and bulimic symptoms, cognitive and somatic-affective depressive symptoms, suicidal tendencies, and anxiety-related symptoms. In particular, those presenting MP reported significantly higher levels of depressive and anxiety-related symptoms than those without. MP represents a clinical aspect that can help to detect more severe cases of EDs and to better understand the complex interplay between ED and mood symptomatology.

Genetic influences on eating attitudes in a normal female twin population

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rutherford ◽  
P. McGuffin ◽  
R. J. Katz ◽  
R. M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Past History ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eat 26

SynopsisThe Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) were administered to a female volunteer twin population aged 18 to 45 years. Both members of 147 monozygotic (MZ) and 99 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs completed the questionnaires. Thirty-five subjects scored over the cut-off point of the EAT-26. Interviews of these high-scoring twins and their co-twins identified three subjects with a past history of anorexia nervosa, and three others with a history of a partial syndrome. A heritability value of 41% was obtained for the overall EAT scores, while factor analysis produced a ‘dieting’ factor with a heritability of 42%. The ‘body dissatisfaction’ and ‘drive for thinness’ subscales of the EDI had heritability values of 52 and 44% respectively. The genetic contribution to the variance in body mass index in the twin sample was estimated at 64%. For all the above phenotypes, an environmental model of transmission with heritability constrained to be zero, could be rejected. Conversely, we were unable to reject a purely additive genetic model with shared environmental variance constrained at zero, suggesting that family environment has little or no effect on the transmission of many of these traits.

The struggle to be thin: a survey of anorexic and bulimic symptoms in a non-referred adolescent population

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Whitaker ◽  
Mark Davies ◽  
David Shaffer ◽  
Jim Johnson ◽  
Sari Abrams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Eating Attitudes Test ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
School Population ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms

SynopsisNinety-one per cent of a county-wide high school population (N= 5596) completed the Eating Symptoms Inventory (ESI) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). Being female, older and heavier are far more strongly associated with anorexic and bulimic symptoms than is social class. ESI approximations of the DSM-III criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia suggest that while both conditions are rare (less than 1%), bulimia is the more prevalent disorder.

scholarly journals Eating psychopathology in ballet dancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Silverii ◽  
F. Benvenuti ◽  
G. Morandin ◽  
V. Ricca ◽  
M. Monami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Eating Psychopathology ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Maturity Fears

Abstract Objective To assess whether ballet dancers have higher eating psychopathology mean scores than the general population. Methods Meta-analysis of cross-sectional observational studies comparing the scores of one or more of the validated eating psychopathological scales between ballet dancers and any control groups. Results Twelve studies were included in the metanalysis. Ballet dancers had a significantly higher EAT score (12 studies retrieved, SMD 0.82 [95% CI 0.44–1.19], p < 0.00001, I2 = 84)]; subgroup analysis suggested a possible role of control subjects’ choice in explaining heterogeneity. Scores on the EDI subscales of Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, and Body dissatisfaction were available from four studies; Drive for Thinness was higher in ballet dancers (SMD 0.62 [0.01, 1.22]), as well as the Bulimia scale (SMD 0.38 [0.02, 0.73], p = 0.04) and the Body Dissatisfaction scale (SMD 0.34 [0.15, 0.53]). Data on Perfectionism, Interpersonal problems, Ineffectiveness, and Maturity fears, were available from three studies. Higher scores in Perfectionism (SMD 0.68 [0.24, 1.12] p = 0.02), Interpersonal problems (SMD 0.24 [0.02, 0.47], in Inefficacy, (SMD 2.18 [1.31, 3.06]) were found for ballet dancers; on the other hand, Maturity fears scores were not significantly different between ballet dancers and controls (IV-MD = 0.15 [− 0.07, 0.36]). Seven studies reported tests not performed elsewhere. Discussion Ballet dancers show a higher level of restriction and drive for thinness than controls, and they may be, therefore, at higher risk for the development of eating disorders. Available studies do not allow the discrimination of dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors from adaptive responses. Level of evidence Level I (evidence obtained from systematic reviews and meta-analyses).

Weight Concerns and Disordered Eating Attitudes among Male and Female College Cheerleaders

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine J. Reel ◽  
Diane L. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Social Physique Anxiety ◽  
Weight Concerns ◽  
Eating Disorder Inventory ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Disordered Eating Attitudes

College cheerleaders (73 females and 51 males) participated in the current study on eating disorders and weight-related concerns within cheerleading. The participants completed the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS), and CHEER, a measure of weight-related stressors within cheerleading. Significant gender differences were identified through a one-way MANOVA with these measures. As expected, female cheerleaders reported more weight-related concerns and had higher scores on SPAS, EDI Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction than did male cheerleaders. Both males and females reported weight-related concerns, although the actual stressors were different. Based upon these data, we suggest that males, as well as females, face unique pressures in cheerleading related to body weight.

Differential Item Functioning in Brief Instruments of Disordered Eating

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree Thielemann ◽  
Felicitas Richter ◽  
Bernd Strauss ◽  
Elmar Braehler ◽  
Uwe Altmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
German Population ◽  
Test Fairness ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Multiple Indicator

Abstract. Most instruments for the assessment of disordered eating were developed and validated in young female samples. However, they are often used in heterogeneous general population samples. Therefore, brief instruments of disordered eating should assess the severity of disordered eating equally well between individuals with different gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status (SES). Differential item functioning (DIF) of two brief instruments of disordered eating (SCOFF, Eating Attitudes Test [EAT-8]) was modeled in a representative sample of the German population ( N = 2,527) using a multigroup item response theory (IRT) and a multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) structural equation model (SEM) approach. No DIF by age was found in both questionnaires. Three items of the EAT-8 showed DIF across gender, indicating that females are more likely to agree than males, given the same severity of disordered eating. One item of the EAT-8 revealed slight DIF by BMI. DIF with respect to the SCOFF seemed to be negligible. Both questionnaires are equally fair across people with different age and SES. The DIF by gender that we found with respect to the EAT-8 as screening instrument may be also reflected in the use of different cutoff values for men and women. In general, both brief instruments assessing disordered eating revealed their strengths and limitations concerning test fairness for different groups.

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