Bioenergy Crops and Natural Enemies: Host Plant-Mediated Effects of Miscanthus on the Aphid Parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Doury ◽  
J. Pottier ◽  
A. Ameline ◽  
A. Mennerat ◽  
F. Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Lysiphlebus Testaceipes ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Mediated Effects

Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3423 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGIO ANTONIO VANIN ◽  
DANIELA DE CASSIA BENÁ ◽  
FABIANO FABIAN ALBERTONI
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Immatures of the Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) (Curculionidae; Hyperinae; Cepurini) are described, illustrated and compared with available descriptions of larvae and pupae of Hyperini. Immatures and adults from midwest (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul; Pirenópolis, Goiás) and southeast Brazil (Bauru, São Paulo) were found on leaves of the host plant, Pachira aquatica Aubl. ( Malvaceae, formerly Bombacaceae), a tree used as an ornamental plant in many Brazilian frost-free cities. Larvae of P. schuppeli are exophytic, brightly colored, eruciform and possess abdominal ambulatory ampullae, resembling larvae of Lepidoptera. Mature larvae can spin globular lattice-like cocoons where pupation takes place. Data in the field and under laboratory conditions confirmed previously published biological observations on P. schuppeli. Additional information about defensive behaviors, process of cocoon construction and natural enemies, such as the larval predator Supputius cinticeps (Stål, 1860) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the prepupal and pupal parasitoid Jaliscoa nudipennis Bouček, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), are reported.

scholarly journals Effects of Citrus Overwintering Predators, Host Plant Phenology and Environmental Variables on Aphid Infestation Dynamics in Clementine Citrus

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1587-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Raul Bouvet ◽  
Alberto Urbaneja ◽  
César Monzó
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Plant Phenology ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Aphid Infestation

Abstract The Spirea citrus aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch, and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), are key pests of clementine mandarines in the Mediterranean basin. Severity of aphid infestations is determined by environmental variables, host plant phenology patterns, and the biological control exerted by their associated natural enemies. However, there is no information about the role these limiting and regulating factors play. Aphid densities, citrus phenology, and associated predators that overwinter in the crop were monitored weekly throughout two flush growth periods (February to July) in four clementine mandarin groves; relationships between these parameters and environmental variables (temperature and precipitation) were studied. Our results show exponential increase in aphid infestation levels to coincide with citrus phenological stages B3 and B4; shoots offer more space and nutritional resources for colony growth at these stages. Duration of these phenological stages, which was mediated by mean temperature, seems to importantly determine the severity of aphid infestations in the groves. Among those studied, the micro-coccinellids, mostly Scymnus species, were the only group of predators with the ability to efficiently regulate aphid populations. These natural enemies had the highest temporal and spatial demographic stability. Aphid regulation success was only achieved through early presence of natural enemies in the grove, at the aphid colonization phase. Our results suggest that conservation strategies aimed at preserving and enhancing Scymnus sp. populations may make an important contribution to the future success of the biological control of these key citrus pests.

Hieracium-associated aphid parasitoid guilds (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Europe

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1781 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŠELJKO TOMANOVIĆ ◽  
PETR STARÝ ◽  
NICKOLAS G. KAVALLIERATOS ◽  
ANDJELJKO PETROVIĆ ◽  
MARIJAN NIKETIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
New Host ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Brachycaudus Helichrysi

Eleven aphidiine braconid species are associated with 10 aphid species to form over 50 tritrophic associations in Europe. The host aphids belong to five genera, Aphis L., Brachycaudus Van der Goot, Hyperomyzus Börner, Nasonovia Mordvilko, and Uroleucon Mordvilko, and feed on 11 Hieracium species. Five new host plant records are reported. The associated aphidiine guilds are linked with the taxonomic position of the host aphids. Host aphids such as Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) and Uroleucon spp. are broadly oligophagous, but Nasonovia spp., Aphis hieracii Schrank, and Hyperomyzus hieracii (Börner) are specific mainly to Hieracium and related plants. A key for the identification of aphidiine species associated with aphids on Hieracium plants in Europe is provided.

Interaction between bracken and its insect herbivores

1985 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
J. H. Lawton ◽  
M. MacGarvin
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
The World ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Typical Site

SynopsisBracken in Britain is a host for 27 species of insect herbivores, with a further 11 species that either feed below ground (and are poorly studied), or appear to be only rarely associated with the plant. A typical site in northern England has an average of 15–16 of these species in any one year. Compared with perennial herbaceous angiosperms with similar wide distributions, bracken is not noticeably depauperate in the number of insect species that feed upon it. Bracken in others parts of the world is attacked by a wide variety of insects, with more species present in the geographical areas where bracken is most common.The ‘feeding niches’ of some of these insects are reviewed. Most are very rare relative to the biomass of their host plants, probably because of the impact of natural enemies; the effect of most of the insects upon their host-plant is consequently negligible.Reverse effects, of host-plant upon the insects, are subtle but poorly understood. Experiments to elucidate these effects are briefly outlined.

scholarly journals The Host-Plant Origin Affects the Morphological Traits and the Reproductive Behavior of the Aphid Parasitoid Aphelinus mali

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Ainara Peñalver-Cruz ◽  
Bruno Jaloux ◽  
Blas Lavandero
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Eriosoma Lanigerum ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Potential Use

Diversifying agroecosystems through habitat management inside or outside production fields can provide alternative hosts and/or prey for natural enemies. In semi-natural habitats, parasitoids may find alternative host-plant complexes (HPC) that could allow their development when pest hosts are scarce in the field. However, morphological and physiological differences between alternative and targeted HPCs could affect the preference and fitness of the parasitoids, possibly altering their efficacy in regulating pests. In the present study, we examined two Aphelinus mali parasitoid populations developing on Eriosoma lanigerum from two host plants (Malus domestica-apple trees and Pyracantha coccinea). We hypothesized that A. mali from both HPCs will show different life history traits and behaviors because primary and alternative host-plants are known to induce variations in parasitoid biological performance. Our findings indicate that A. mali originating from E. lanigerum on P. coccinea parasitized more aphids and are smaller than those originating from E. lanigerum on apple. Furthermore, these parasitoids did not significantly vary their ability to attack and oviposit apple E. lanigerum, suggesting that P. coccinea could function as a suitable banker plant for A. mali. We discuss the potential use of P. coccinea in conservation biological control of E. lanigerum in apple orchards.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of pests in apples under integrated fruit production

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Shaw ◽  
D.R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Woolly Apple Aphid ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Aphelinus Mali ◽  
Integrated Fruit Production ◽  
Selective Insecticide ◽  
Orchard Pests ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

The biological control of some key orchard pests achieved within an Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) apple block was assessed Insecticide sprays were used to manipulate the numbers of natural enemies Treatments included applications of the broadspectrum insecticide carbaryl a selective insecticide programme (IFP) and a control (no insecticides) Plots treated with carbaryl became heavily infested with woolly apple aphid and European red mite However carbaryl sprays did not completely prevent lacewings ladybirds and the woolly apple aphid parasitoid Aphelinus mali subsequently moving into the plots in response to the high host populations Numbers of some natural enemies were reduced in the carbaryl treatment and the trees were damaged by mites and woolly apple aphids The selective and noinsecticide programmes did not disrupt natural enemies and pest levels in trees and fruit were similar and acceptable

scholarly journals Whiteflies Provide Honeydew to Camponotus ants Without Receiving Reciprocal Favor

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Raí Martins De Jesus ◽  
Ramon Paes Junior ◽  
Gleicy Do Carmo ◽  
Danilo Mota ◽  
Lessando Moreira Gontijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Predator Cues ◽  
Sooty Mold ◽  
Field Laboratory ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
The Impact

The notion that tending ants provide protection to honeydew-producing hemipterans is widely accepted. Nevertheless, there have been debates about whether or not this protection can always disrupt the biological control of hemipterans. Although various hemipteran species interact with tending ants, most studies have focused on the mutualism between ants and aphids.  Woolly whitefly Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) is an important pest of citrus whose nymphs are frequently tended by ants such as Camponotus. However, it is unknown whether or not ants in this genus can disrupt biological control of woolly whitefly by protecting this pest’s nymphs from natural enemies. We investigated the impact of Camponotus ants on the biological control of woolly whitefly in the field by excluding or allowing the access of ants to whitefly nymph colonies in different tangerine trees. Furthermore, in a laboratory study we also assessed the behavior of Camponotus ants in response to woolly whitefly’s common predator cues (visual and scent).  In summary, this field-laboratory study suggests that there is no mutualism between tending Camponotus ants and the whitefly A. floccosus; rather it indicates commensalism as an alternative interaction. Interactions as this may provide more benefits for the host plant, whereby Camponotus ants can reduce sooty mold by removing honeydew from the leaves and favor pest biological control by leaving the whiteflies unprotected.

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