Natural enemies and host-plant asynchrony contributing to the failure of the introduced moth, Coleophora parthenica Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), to control Russian thistle

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Müller ◽  
G.S. Nuessly ◽  
R.D. Goeden
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies

Bioenergy Crops and Natural Enemies: Host Plant-Mediated Effects of Miscanthus on the Aphid Parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Doury ◽  
J. Pottier ◽  
A. Ameline ◽  
A. Mennerat ◽  
F. Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Lysiphlebus Testaceipes ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Mediated Effects

Description of immature stages of Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) with comments on natural history (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3423 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGIO ANTONIO VANIN ◽  
DANIELA DE CASSIA BENÁ ◽  
FABIANO FABIAN ALBERTONI
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Immatures of the Phelypera schuppeli (Boheman, 1834) (Curculionidae; Hyperinae; Cepurini) are described, illustrated and compared with available descriptions of larvae and pupae of Hyperini. Immatures and adults from midwest (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul; Pirenópolis, Goiás) and southeast Brazil (Bauru, São Paulo) were found on leaves of the host plant, Pachira aquatica Aubl. ( Malvaceae, formerly Bombacaceae), a tree used as an ornamental plant in many Brazilian frost-free cities. Larvae of P. schuppeli are exophytic, brightly colored, eruciform and possess abdominal ambulatory ampullae, resembling larvae of Lepidoptera. Mature larvae can spin globular lattice-like cocoons where pupation takes place. Data in the field and under laboratory conditions confirmed previously published biological observations on P. schuppeli. Additional information about defensive behaviors, process of cocoon construction and natural enemies, such as the larval predator Supputius cinticeps (Stål, 1860) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the prepupal and pupal parasitoid Jaliscoa nudipennis Bouček, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), are reported.

scholarly journals Effects of Citrus Overwintering Predators, Host Plant Phenology and Environmental Variables on Aphid Infestation Dynamics in Clementine Citrus

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1587-1597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Raul Bouvet ◽  
Alberto Urbaneja ◽  
César Monzó
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Plant Phenology ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Aphid Infestation

Abstract The Spirea citrus aphid, Aphis spiraecola Patch, and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), are key pests of clementine mandarines in the Mediterranean basin. Severity of aphid infestations is determined by environmental variables, host plant phenology patterns, and the biological control exerted by their associated natural enemies. However, there is no information about the role these limiting and regulating factors play. Aphid densities, citrus phenology, and associated predators that overwinter in the crop were monitored weekly throughout two flush growth periods (February to July) in four clementine mandarin groves; relationships between these parameters and environmental variables (temperature and precipitation) were studied. Our results show exponential increase in aphid infestation levels to coincide with citrus phenological stages B3 and B4; shoots offer more space and nutritional resources for colony growth at these stages. Duration of these phenological stages, which was mediated by mean temperature, seems to importantly determine the severity of aphid infestations in the groves. Among those studied, the micro-coccinellids, mostly Scymnus species, were the only group of predators with the ability to efficiently regulate aphid populations. These natural enemies had the highest temporal and spatial demographic stability. Aphid regulation success was only achieved through early presence of natural enemies in the grove, at the aphid colonization phase. Our results suggest that conservation strategies aimed at preserving and enhancing Scymnus sp. populations may make an important contribution to the future success of the biological control of these key citrus pests.

Interaction between bracken and its insect herbivores

1985 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
J. H. Lawton ◽  
M. MacGarvin
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
The World ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Typical Site

SynopsisBracken in Britain is a host for 27 species of insect herbivores, with a further 11 species that either feed below ground (and are poorly studied), or appear to be only rarely associated with the plant. A typical site in northern England has an average of 15–16 of these species in any one year. Compared with perennial herbaceous angiosperms with similar wide distributions, bracken is not noticeably depauperate in the number of insect species that feed upon it. Bracken in others parts of the world is attacked by a wide variety of insects, with more species present in the geographical areas where bracken is most common.The ‘feeding niches’ of some of these insects are reviewed. Most are very rare relative to the biomass of their host plants, probably because of the impact of natural enemies; the effect of most of the insects upon their host-plant is consequently negligible.Reverse effects, of host-plant upon the insects, are subtle but poorly understood. Experiments to elucidate these effects are briefly outlined.

scholarly journals Whiteflies Provide Honeydew to Camponotus ants Without Receiving Reciprocal Favor

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Raí Martins De Jesus ◽  
Ramon Paes Junior ◽  
Gleicy Do Carmo ◽  
Danilo Mota ◽  
Lessando Moreira Gontijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Predator Cues ◽  
Sooty Mold ◽  
Field Laboratory ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
The Impact

The notion that tending ants provide protection to honeydew-producing hemipterans is widely accepted. Nevertheless, there have been debates about whether or not this protection can always disrupt the biological control of hemipterans. Although various hemipteran species interact with tending ants, most studies have focused on the mutualism between ants and aphids.  Woolly whitefly Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell) is an important pest of citrus whose nymphs are frequently tended by ants such as Camponotus. However, it is unknown whether or not ants in this genus can disrupt biological control of woolly whitefly by protecting this pest’s nymphs from natural enemies. We investigated the impact of Camponotus ants on the biological control of woolly whitefly in the field by excluding or allowing the access of ants to whitefly nymph colonies in different tangerine trees. Furthermore, in a laboratory study we also assessed the behavior of Camponotus ants in response to woolly whitefly’s common predator cues (visual and scent).  In summary, this field-laboratory study suggests that there is no mutualism between tending Camponotus ants and the whitefly A. floccosus; rather it indicates commensalism as an alternative interaction. Interactions as this may provide more benefits for the host plant, whereby Camponotus ants can reduce sooty mold by removing honeydew from the leaves and favor pest biological control by leaving the whiteflies unprotected.

scholarly journals Bagworm bags as portable armour against invertebrate predators

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Potential Predator ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Defensive Function ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Environmental Materials ◽  
Leaf Bags

Some animals have evolved the use of environmental materials as “portable armour” against natural enemies. Portable bags that bagworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) construct using their own silk and plant parts are generally believed to play an important role as a physical barrier against natural enemies. However, no experimental studies have tested the importance of bags as portable armour against predators. To clarify the defensive function, I studied the bagwormEumeta minusculaand a potential predatorCalosoma maximoviczi(Coleoptera: Carabidae). Under laboratory conditions, all bagworm larvae were attacked by carabid adults, but successfully defended themselves against the predators’ mandibles using their own bags. The portable bags, which are composed mainly of host plant twigs, may function as a physical barrier against predator mandibles. To test this hypothesis, I removed the twig bags and replaced some with herb leaf bags; all bag-removed larvae were easily caught and predated by carabids, while all bag-replaced larvae could successfully defend themselves against carabid attacks. Therefore, various types of portable bags can protect bagworm larvae from carabid attacks. This is the first study to test the defensive function of bagworm portable bags against invertebrate predators.

Host plant age and population development of a cereal aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Honek ◽  
Z. Martinkova
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum

AbstractThe sudden decline following the peak in population abundance of aphids on crops of small grain cereals is attributed to the joint effect of natural enemies and plant senescence. To distinguish between these causes, a four year experiment was established in which the numbers of Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) infesting spring wheat plots sown from April to June at c. 14 day intervals were determined. Aphid abundance in replicates sown at successive dates peaked within a period of 5–9 days (106–171 day degrees above a base temperature of 0°C) although their sowing dates varied by 62–97 days (727–1106 day degrees). At the time of the aphid population peaks, plants in the different sowings differed in age (11–99 days), developmental stage (stage 15–65 on the Zadoks scale), leaf nitrogen content and shoot mass. Maximum abundance of M. dirhodum decreased with sowing date because the time available for its population increase was shorter on late than early sowings. The abundance of M. dirhodum on spring wheat was similar to its abundance on winter wheat. After reaching peak abundance, aphids declined in numbers within 3–7 days. The effect of host plant ageing on the M. dirhodumdecline thus appeared small. Natural enemies (largely mycoses), and timing of alata production may have contributed to the aphid decline.

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