scholarly journals Impact of ethical certifications and product involvement on consumers decision to purchase ethical products at price premiums in an emerging market context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swetarupa Chatterjee ◽  
Naman Sreen ◽  
Jyoti Rana ◽  
Amandeep Dhir ◽  
Pradip H. Sadarangani
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Animal Cruelty ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Product Involvement ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Price Premiums ◽  
Ethical Products ◽  
Willingness To Purchase

AbstractIn emerging markets, instances of increasing consumers focus on ethical aspects of the product are observed. To this end, we aim to examine the influence of two ethical certifications and two product involvement types on consumers willingness to purchase ethical products at price premiums in the Indian market. No animal cruelty certification and no child labor certification are chosen as the ethical certifications, and a shirt and a bar of soap are chosen as high and low involvement product categories. Data is collected from 206 respondents for the experiment, in which consumers willingness to purchase a product is evaluated for different product scenarios. The results of the study indicate that individuals show highest willingness to purchase products (a shirt or a soap) when both certifications (no animal cruelty, no child labor) are present. However, in comparing individual certifications, individuals prefer no animal cruelty certification for a shirt and no child labor certification for a bar of soap. The study provides insights to practitioners regarding consumers present perception of ethical aspects in the product and directions to increase sales of ethical products in the Indian market.

scholarly journals Refine the Students’ Skills Through Design Education to Create Ethical Products

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402199836
Author(s):  
Tarek Ismail Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Product Features ◽  
Ethical Products ◽  
Appearance Design ◽  
Design Values

This article focuses on applying the ethics of the product features during the students’ design education. Good/Bad design term is a conventional approach to discuss the ethical/unethical design values of the products. It is noted that different aspects of the product design such as visual information design, interface design, and appearance design have a vital role in judging the levels of ethics in the product. So the students of product design everywhere need to practice the term ethical/unethical design during their study because designers influence society more than they could imagine. This influence can be done by creating an attractive organized appearance and perfect functions that support the ethical brand’s image to the customers. The interviews and discussions were held as a research method with the students of product design in some institutions in addition to some design experts and customers to find out their opinions about the design values that achieve the ethical dimensions in the product design. They can end up with products that carry ethical values in their design. The final article’s results are in the descending order of the different design values according to their importance in emphasizing the ethical aspects of the products, in addition to a checklist including some important questions that can help the designers to be more aware of ethics’ considerations in the product design because ethics is a process of learning, not a process of obedience, and to highlighting the term of ethical designer which in turn reflects on the ethics of customers and societies.

Investment risk scoring model for commercial properties in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Gupta ◽  
Piyush Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Property A ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Risk Scoring ◽  
Principal Elements

Purpose – There is significant research related to risk and uncertainty in valuation. Risk, in valuation, is mostly communicated to investors in qualitative terms. There has been some research in developed markets to communicate risk quantitatively to clients through property risk scores. However there is paucity of research on communicating risk in emerging markets where the valuation profession is still evolving. Indian property markets have emerged as one the fastest growing markets in the last five years. With the growth in Indian economy and the emergence of indirect property investment market, it is likely that domestic and international passive investors would play an important role in property investment in India. Valuation of assets in portfolio and communication of risk in appropriate way would gain utmost importance. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses analytical hierarchical process method to quantitatively assess risk to value for office properties in India. This study focuses on identifying principal elements of risk as perceived by key market players in an emerging economy like India. It identifies fundamentals of market, property and lease to determine valuation risk. It may be highlighted here that the risk that this paper is analysing is not the risk that is associated with the valuation for valuer who is conducting valuation but systematic and non-systematic risk associated with property. A two round of survey has been conducted to find various principal elements of valuation risk and sub criteria’s through an online survey conducted through survey monkey. Findings – The study found that in an emerging market like India there are limited exit option for developers and investors due to absence of exit vehicle like REITs for office property. Principal element of risk considered is the resale of property, i.e. exit from an investment, followed by tenant and lease specific elements to be other principal elements of risk in the order tenant risk, lock-in duration, functional obsolescence and lease duration. Other market risks like yield movement, rental movement, occupier demand were not considered principal elements of risk. Research limitations/implications – The study could be expanded further by increasing the sample size and as this study demonstrates present market sentiments. Study needs to be updated periodically to retain its practical importance and relevance to the industry. Practical implications – Findings of this study could be used by valuers and investors investing in office properties in India. Originality/value – This is the first paper on risk scoring for commercial properties in the Indian market. It has high importance as Indian market for office space will grow significantly with introduction of REITs.

scholarly journals How emerging market resource-poor firms compete and outcompete advanced country resource-rich rivals

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Competitive Dynamics ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Advanced Country ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Asymmetry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to comment on Professor Ming-Jer Chen’s recent publication titled “Competitive dynamics: Eastern roots, Western growth” and present an asymmetry reversing perspective on the competitive dynamics between two nonobvious, invisible or indirect competitors, namely, how emerging market resource-poor firms compete and outcompete advanced country resource-rich rivals. Design/methodology/approach The author first identifies an important neglect in Professor Chen’s scholarship on competitive dynamics, i.e., the neglect of the ubiquity of the less visible competition between two actors who initially would not be considered as competitors. Then, the author proposes an asymmetry reversing theory (ART) of competitive dynamics to redress this neglect. The theory is presented in two parts. The first part describes the competitive dynamics between the two actors as a three-stage process of reversing the asymmetry in resource possession and market position between the resource-poor firm and its resource-rich rivals. The second part explains the key success factors for the resource-poor firm to go through each of the three stages. Findings The growth process of the resource-poor firm can be broadly divided into three stages: surviving, catching-up, and outcompeting. For ambitious yet pragmatic resource-poor firms, in the surviving stage, they often (have to) accept the asymmetry between themselves and their resource-rich rivals in terms of resource possession and market position, and try to avoid any direct competition with the strong incumbents. They often tactically appear to pursue different paths of development from those of the strong incumbents by focusing on particular product categories and market segments. Doing so allows the resource-poor firms to win times and spaces for non-interrupted growth. Once they have accumulated sufficient resources and market experiences, they start to reduce the asymmetry between themselves and their better-endowed rivals by entering the similar or same product categories and market segments. To effectively catch up and outcompete the incumbents, they often differentiate themselves from their rivals by offering cheaper products or services, adding new features to their products, providing extra services to their customers, inventing new business models, etc. Research limitations/implications One limitation of this paper is that the ART framework has so far been built on anecdotal evidences. It needs to be tested by empirical studies and refined further in the future. Another limitation is that the proposed theory is based on competitive dynamics between emerging market resource-poor firms and advanced country resource-rich firms. It needs to be tested whether this theory has applicability to any other firms. Originality/value This paper fills an important research gap in the competitive dynamics literature by proposing an asymmetry reversing theory of competitive dynamics between a weak latecomer and a strong incumbent in a competitive field.

Friday the 13th effect on Indian stock market

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050010
Author(s):  
Tarika Singh Sikarwar ◽  
Karuna Shrivastava ◽  
Pratibha Jadon
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Indian Stock Market ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: This paper attempts to investigate the presence of Friday the 13th Effect in the Indian stock market. Design/methodology/approach: This paper tests the presence of the Friday the 13th Effect using different sets of hypotheses for 7 days, 15 days and normal versus Friday the 13th by using statistical methods. Findings: The findings of the study do not support the presence of Friday the 13th Effect for all cases. There are few months for certain specific years where the effect was seen. Research limitations/implications: The Friday the 13th effect has been examined for two major indices of the Indian market, i.e., the Bombay Stock Exchange Index SENSEX and the National Stock Exchange Nifty Fifty Index. However, there are other major and sectoral indices as well where in the effect may be checked. Practical implications: The study results indicate that Indian stock market shows phased anomaly. The effect of Friday the 13th is seen only in some cases during certain years only. Originality/value: Friday the 13th effect has been mostly checked for developed nations and again there has been less work done with respect to this particular market anomaly. The present research is an original work done for emerging market naming India.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Transformation of Mega-Pharma’s Business Model toward the Emerging Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Yaeko Mitsumori
Keyword(s):  
Patent Protection ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Application Data

The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（TRIPS) requires all member countries of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to introduce a TRIPS-compatible patent law into their countries. Due to the enforcement of TRIPS in 1995, India in 2005 revised its patent law and enacted the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005. The 2005 ACT included product patent in pharmaceutical field. Due to the new patent law with product patent protection, large foreign capital pharmaceutical companies one after another re-entered the Indian market and started engaging in both R&D and production targeting the Indian market. However recent data shows the number of patent applications has been declining over the past several years and the number of patented drugs launched in India did not increase so rapidly. This study analyzes transitions of business models of foreign pharmaceutical companies in India based on the patent application data, and the trend of patented drugs in the market. A data analysis and a series of interviews with stakeholders were conducted. As a result of both a quantitative and a qualitative analysis, it was found that foreign pharmaceutical companies changed their strategies in the Indian pharmaceutical market. Since India was required to introduce product patents in the pharmaceutical area, there have been many arguments that once India introduces a product patent, the Indian pharmaceutical industry may decline due to the rapid introduction of foreign pharmaceutical products in the country; many academic papers were published in this context during that time. However, since 2005, when product patents were actually introduced in India, few academic papers were published. This study is unique as it discusses the effects of the introduction of product patents on the Indian pharmaceutical market.

Loyalty cards, credit options and economic market development

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-607
Author(s):  
Stephan Zielke ◽  
Marcin Komor
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
High Price ◽  
Private Debt ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Developed Markets

PurposeThis paper analyses three strategies in customers’ use to afford consumption in a developed and an emerging market for different product groups. The strategies are: (1) usage of loyalty cards, (2) usage of credit cards and (3) usage of long-term credits.Design/methodology/approachMall intercept surveys conducted in Poland (emerging market) and Germany (developed market) provide data for testing a set of hypotheses using ANOVAs.FindingsResults show that customers in emerging markets show no differences in the usage of loyalty cards for product categories with high shopping frequency (groceries) compared to developed markets, while in all other product categories loyalty card usage is stronger. Results show further that in low price categories, customers in emerging markets use credit card payments more often compared to customers in developed markets. In high price categories, they use credit cards less often, but long-term credits more often.Research limitations/implicationsResults have implications for the design of loyalty programs and payment options in different markets. Results have also implications for public policy regarding concerns about increasing private debt in emerging countries.Originality/valueThis paper suggests a cost-benefit framework where customers in emerging countries perceive benefits of loyalty cards and credit options higher, while they are willing to bear higher costs. As a result, effects of product category characteristics on usage that are observable in developed markets do not exist in emerging markets.

Attractiveness Of The Indian Market In Comparison To Chinese Market: A Critical Analysis

Paradigm ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Dilip Roy ◽  
Kaushik Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Path

This paper examines the attractiveness of Indian market keeping in mind the competitive role of the Chinese market. For doing so, multi-dimensional study has been undertaken covering economic, socio-human, infrastructure, communication, political and ethical aspects of these two countries. We further present SAW analysis for Indian market to depict the attractiveness potential and indicate the future path for strategic action.

Effect of product involvement and brand prominence on advergamers’ brand recall and brand attitude in an emerging market context

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devika Vashist
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Product Involvement ◽  
Brand Placement ◽  
High Involvement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Recall ◽  
Brand Placements ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of product involvement and brand prominence on advergamers’ brand recall and brand attitude in an emerging market context. Specifically, this research illustrates the conditions under which brand placements in online games create attention, elaboration and subsequent brand recall and brand attitude by drawing the insights from the limited capacity model of attention and the elaboration likelihood model. Design/methodology/approach A 2 (product involvement: low or high) × 2 (brand prominence: prominent or subtle) between-subject measures design is used. In total, 280 students participated in the study. A 2×2 between-subjects MANOVA is used to test the hypotheses. Findings In the context of advergames, for a low-involvement product, a prominent brand placement results in greater brand recall than a subtle brand placement. However, for a high-involvement product, a subtle-placement results in greater brand recall than a prominent brand placement. Further, results reveal that for a low-involvement product, a subtle brand placement results in more favorable brand attitude than a prominent brand placement. For a high-involvement product, a prominent brand placement results in more favorable brand attitude than a subtle brand placement. Research limitations/implications The findings and conclusions are very important for advertising experts in terms of advergame designing, execution and for an operational use of brand placements in advergames. Originality/value This investigation adds to the online advertising literature, specifically the advergames context by examining and analyzing the real-time roles of advergame-specific factor, such as brand prominence and the gamer-specific factor, such as product involvement in creating gamers’ brand recall and brand attitude from attention and elaboration perspectives in an emerging market context like India.

Nonlinear Correlation of Stock and Commodity Indices in Emerging and Developed Market

2013 ◽  
pp. 63-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousik Guhathakurta ◽  
Sharad Nath Bhattacharya ◽  
Santo Banerjee ◽  
Basabi Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Power Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Indian Market ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Recurrence Analysis ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Wealth Management ◽  
The Us ◽  
Indian Data

The interrelationship between stock and commodity markets has been an issue of interest for both the academia and practitioners in the field of investment and wealth management. Traditionally, commodity has been a popular avenue for diversification in a mixed portfolio. However, this works well as long as there is little or no correlation between the two markets. This chapter presents an empirical investigation of the daily movement of stock and commodity index of two different countries to throw some light on the interrelationship between stock and commodity market. The uniqueness of this study lies in the choice of markets as also the methodology. The authors have chosen a developed market, viz., the US market, and an emerging market, viz., the Indian market. This study uses the major stock and commodity indices respectively for both countries for a period of three years. For analysis the authors have used the tools from nonlinear dynamics like recurrence analysis, power spectrum analysis, and delay based cross-correlation function. The investigation revealed that the dynamics of the time path of daily movement of Indian stock and commodity exchanges are much similar in nature while those of the US market are quite different. This chapter also models the respective time series using Geometric Brownian Motion and finds that the Indian data set performed much better than the US ones. This has a strong impact on strategy for designing mixed portfolios in Indian market.

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