Utilization of fruit by-products for organic reducing agent in indigo dyeing

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2027-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younsook Shin ◽  
Min Choi ◽  
Dong Il Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Indigo Dyeing ◽  
By Products

Indigo Dyeing of Cotton using Alkaline Catalase and Additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
J.N. Chakraborty ◽  
Pranav Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sodium Hydrosulfite ◽  
Indigo Dyeing ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
By Products

Sodium hydrosulfite is universally applied as a reducing agent for the reduction of indigo, but also produces hazardous by-products viz. sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate ions with harmful effects on the environment due to their toxicity, as well as corrosive effects on the waste lines. To overcome these problems, use of an ecofriendly reducing agent, viz. alkaline catalase, along with iron (II) sulfate, was used in place of sodium hydrosulfite for dyeing of cotton with indigo. Dyed samples were characterized by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The alkaline catalase with iron (II) sulfate reducing system produced the same reduction potential in dyebaths, reduction bath stability, surface color strength, and color fastness properties of dyed cotton compared to sodium hydrosulfite use.

One-pot, three-component synthesis of secondary amines and trisubstituted hydrazines from ketones

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tavakol ◽  
S. Zakery
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Lithium Perchlorate ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Secondary Amines ◽  
Reduction Step ◽  
One Pot ◽  
By Products

AbstractVarious imines and hydrazones were reduced to the corresponding amines and hydrazines using borane-tetrahydrofuran complex as a reducing agent in the solution of lithium perchlorate in diethyl ether. The initial imines or hydrazones have been prepared at the same conditions just before the reduction step. Both steps were carried out in one vessel with a good yield and insignificant formation of by-products.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF INDIGO DYEING USING SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE AS REDUCING AGENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1061-1063
Author(s):  
Banu YeĹźim Buyukakinci ◽  
Nihal Sokmen
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Fastness Properties ◽  
Sodium Hydrosulfite ◽  
Color Yield ◽  
The World ◽  
Indigo Dyeing ◽  
Blue Jeans ◽  
Textile Sector

Indigo, one of the oldest dyes, has a very important role for the textile sector. It is primarily used to dye cotton clothes, and blue jeans and over one billion pairs of jeans around the world are dyed blue with indigo. Although Sodium Hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4) is used as a reducing agent in most indigo dyeing processes, it is environmentally unfavorable because of the resultant contaminated toxic wastewater. In addition, the color fastnesses of dyed samples using Na2S2O4 as reducing agent are not good enough.In the present paper sodium borohydride (NaBH4) were used as ecologically safe reduction systems for the indigo dyeing of cotton fabric. After dyeing processes, the color yield and fastnesses according to washing and rubbing were measured, and results were compared.It was found when NaBH4 was used as reducing agent instead of Na2S2O4, the color yield and the fastness properties of the dyed samples improved.

scholarly journals Comparison of sodium dithionite and glucose as a reducing agent for natural indigo dyeing on cotton fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laksanawadee Saikhao ◽  
Jantip Setthayanond ◽  
Thitinun Karpkird ◽  
Potjanart Suwanruji
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dithionite ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Indigo Dyeing

Optimized Vatting Condition Study for Natural Indigo Dyeing on Silk Yarn

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 749-752
Author(s):  
Suchada Ujjin ◽  
Jantip Setthayanond
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Fastness Properties ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Indigo Dyeing ◽  
Indigo Dye ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Indigofera Tinctoria ◽  
Silk Yarn

This research studied the optimized dyeing conditions for natural indigo dye (Indigofera tinctoria) on silk yarn. Vatting of natural indigo dye was investigated under different temperatures and times and the natural dyeing auxiliaries were used i.e. tamarind and ash solutions. The results informed the optimum vatting condition for the indigo dye at 90°C for 30 minutes and the optimum pH was 12. The sugars in tamarind solution was expected to work as a reducing agent for dye vatting whereas the ash solution derived from banana barks was used as an alkalinity controller. Dyeing silk yarns with leuco indigo dye under a short time (5 minutes) provided a complete dye distribution with satisfactory color strength on silk and very good fastness properties.

Mao berry as a green reducing agent in natural indigo dyeing on cotton fabrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Laksanawadee Saikhao ◽  
Jantip Setthayanond ◽  
Thitinun Karpkird ◽  
Potjanart Suwanruji
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Indigo Dyeing

scholarly journals Glycerol Role in Nano Oxides Synthesis and Catalysis

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Ana F. Cristino ◽  
Inês A. S. Matias ◽  
David E. N. Bastos ◽  
Rui Galhano dos Santos ◽  
Ana P. C. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Polyol Method ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Role Of Solvent ◽  
By Products

The transformation of biomass and the utilization of all the by products derived from chemical conversion of biomass resources is one of the most important challenges nowadays. The impact in society and the level of awareness that already exists inside and outside the scientific community, makes the challenge of improving conversion of biomass to commodities a hot topic. Glycerol, a by-product obtained from the biodiesel production, is a key player compound due to its chemical versatility. The possibility of being used as solvent, reagent, reducing agent (in the polyol method), and so forth, makes glycerol an extremely appealing commodity. When used within nanotechnology, namely combined with nanomaterials, its potential becomes even higher. This review summarizes the work developed by the scientific community, during the last five years, in the use of glycerol with nano oxides. The analysis goes from the simple role of solvent to the oxidation of glycerol by nano oxides.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Bright-Field Images (Ctem) of Phase Objects at High Resolution

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 490-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
By Products ◽  
Test Objects

We have developed a technique to prepare thin single crystal films of graphite for use as supporting films for high resolution electron microscopy. As we showed elsewhere (1), these films are completely noiseless and therefore can be used in the observation of phase objects by CTEM, such as single atoms or molecules as a means for overcoming the difficulties because of the background noise which appears with amorphous carbon supporting films, even though they are prepared so as to be less than 20Å thick. Since the graphite films are thinned by reaction with WO3 crystals under electron beam irradiation in the microscope, some small crystallites of WC or WC2 are inevitably left on the films as by-products. These particles are usually found to be over 10-20Å diameter but very fine particles are also formed on the film and these can serve as good test objects for studying the image formation of phase objects.

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