Predictive Mapping of Plant Species and Communities Using GIS and Landsat Data in a Southern Mongolian Mountain Range

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik von Wehrden ◽  
Heike Zimmermann ◽  
Jan Hanspach ◽  
Katrin Ronnenberg ◽  
Karsten Wesche
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Landsat Data ◽  
Predictive Mapping

scholarly journals Elevational distribution ranges of vascular plant species in the Baekdudaegan mountain range, South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sookyung Shin ◽  
Jung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Ji-Hee Dang ◽  
In-Soon Seo ◽  
Byoung Yoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Elevational Distribution

AbstractThe climate is changing rapidly, and this may pose a major threat to global biodiversity. One of the most distinctive consequences of climate change is the poleward and/or upward shift of species distribution ranges associated with increasing temperatures, resulting in a change of species composition and community structure in the forest ecosystems. The Baekdudaegan mountain range connects most forests from the lowland to the subalpine zone in South Korea and is therefore recognized as one of the most important biodiversity hotspots. This study was conducted to understand the distribution range of vascular plants along elevational gradients through field surveys in the six national parks of the Baekdudaegan mountain range. We identified the upper and lower distribution limits of a total of 873 taxa of vascular plants with 117 families, 418 genera, 793 species, 14 subspecies, 62 varieties, two forms, and two hybrids. A total of 12 conifers were recorded along the elevational gradient. The distribution ranges of Abies koreana, Picea jezoensis, Pinus pumila, and Thuja koraiensis were limited to over 1000 m above sea level. We also identified 21 broad-leaved trees in the subalpine zone. A total of 45 Korean endemic plant species were observed, and of these, 15 taxa (including Aconitum chiisanense and Hanabusaya asiatica) showed a narrow distribution range in the subalpine zone. Our study provides valuable information on the current elevational distribution ranges of vascular plants in the six national parks of South Korea, which could serve as a baseline for vertical shifts under future climate change.

scholarly journals Seasonal food habits of the four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis de Blainville, 1816) in tropical deciduous forests of Aravalli mountain range, Rajasthan, Western India

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramchandra Meghwal ◽  
Chhaya Bhatnagar ◽  
Vijay Kumar Koli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Fleshy Fruit ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Western India ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Dendrocalamus Strictus ◽  
Helicteres Isora

Abstract Background Feeding strategies assessment of endangered species during food limited seasons is important in order to understand their niche and advise effective habitat management steps. We assessed the four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) seasonal diet from April 2014 to March 2015, in three wildlife sanctuaries in western India, namely, Sitamata, Kumbhalgarh, and Phulwari-ki-nal Wildlife Sanctuaries. Opportunistic focal animal sampling method was used in five 1 km paths in each sanctuary to take feeding observations. Each transect was walked three times a day (morning 06:00-10:00 h; mid-day 10:00-14:00 h; evening 15:00-18:00 h), 1 day a month, during 12 months, with a total of 540 surveys divided between 15 paths. The diet data was categorized into different plant categories. Results A total of 532 feeding records from 85 animal sightings were noted with a mean (± SD) of 14.78 ± 10.04 feeding records/month. Feeding was observed on 63 plant species belonging to 23 families. The highest feeding records noted were on trees (60.91%) in the diet followed by shrubs (20.49%), grasses (16.92%), forbs (1.50%), and climbers (0.18%) respectively. Most of the plant species consumed were from Fabaceae (n = 17) and Poaceae (n = 12) families. The overall browse-grass ratio was 83.08-16.92% (88.02-11.98% for Sitamata WLS; 82.11-17.89% for Kumbhalgarh WLS; 79.10-20.90% for Phulwari-ki-nal WLS). Leaves were the most consumed part of the plants (64.10%), followed by dry fruit (16.55%), fleshy fruit (13.34%), flowers (2.82%), buds (2.06%), and twigs (1.13%) respectively. Use of fleshy fruits, dry fruits, and trees showed significant seasonal dietary difference (P < 0.05) in all three sanctuaries. Conclusions Tetracerus quadricornis was found to consume more browse species than grasses. We recommend conservation and promotion of natural plant regeneration, in particular for the plant species that were the most consumed by four-horned antelope, namely, Aristida adscensionis, Dendrocalamus strictus, Dichrostachys cinerea, Acacia leucophloea, Butea monosperma, Helicteres isora, Ziziphus nummularia, and Ziziphus xylopyrus. Conservation of grassland patches, minimizing local pressure, and planning, construction, and maintenance of fire lines prior to timing of forest fires would help to protected T. quadricornis habitat in all three sanctuaries.

Endemic Plant Species of Iraq: from Floristic Diversity to Critical Analysis Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-105
Author(s):  
Sami Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Flora Of Iraq ◽  
Endemic Flora ◽  
Endemic Plant Species

The endemic flora is the heart of our understanding of the current biodiversity hotspots, and plays a critical role to conceive successful management strategies for global biodiversity conservation. In Iraq territory context, despite its high plant diversity value, the endemicity is still largely under-investigated and there is no updated database of the Iraqi endemic flora. Therefore, this study sets out to present an updated list of the endemic plant species in Iraq, including a quantitative analysis of their floristic analysis, biological life forms, and geographical distribution. This first Iraqi endemic list can be seen as the first step towards better understanding of the floristic diversity, and can play an important role for future conservation priorities. This endemic list was based initially on the classical flora of Iraq and it has been completed and refining according to the floras of the neighbouring countries. To establish an updated list, it has been added all the Iraqi endemic taxa newly described by retrieving it from the botanical papers and taxonomical websites. For each endemic taxa researcher has provided the following floristic baseline: scientific name, family, phytogeographical distribution, elevation range, biological life forms, and IUCN assessment. The results of this floristic investigation present for the first time an updated endemic list of Iraqi plant species which contains a total of 174 endemic taxa(153 species, 11 subspecies, 10 varieties) in 27 families and 75 genera. They represent an endemicity rate of 5.3% of the total estimated flora of Iraq, which constitutes a low level compared to those of neighboring Irano- Anatolian countries. The family Asteraceae, Papilionaceae, Boraginaceae and Apiaceae are the richest flowering families. The life biological forms indicate that a major part of endemic taxa are chamaephytes (44%) and perennial hemicryptophytes (32%) as an adaptation indicator to the dry-harsh environmental conditions of the Irano-Anatolian mountainous areas. These floristic quantitative analysis support the idea that the species richness and endemicity are not uniformly distributed within the altitudinal gradient and phytogeographical districts of Iraq. For instance, a significant part of the Iraqi endemic taxa concentrate on the Zagrosian foothills and the mountain range between 1000 and 1700. The most striking findings were that only one taxon on average per year was newly described for Iraq, over the last 20 years, compared to around 50 taxa for Iran and Turkey confirming its status of the floristic knowledge coldspot. The current findings add substantially to our understanding of the endemism diversity in Iraqi Zagrosian part, and can serve as a base for future floristic investigation and biodiversity conservation studies

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Different Localities and Host Plants in Chile

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Basoalto ◽  
Claudio C. Ramírez ◽  
Blas Lavandero ◽  
Luis Devotto ◽  
Tomislav Curkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Host Plant Species

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major pest introduced to almost all main pome fruit production regions worldwide. This species was detected in Chile during the last decade of the 19th century, and now has a widespread distribution in all major apple-growing regions. We performed an analysis of the genetic variability and structure of codling moth populations in Chile using five microsatellite markers. We sampled the codling moth along the main distribution area in Chile on all its main host-plant species. Low genetic differentiation among the population samples (FST = 0.03) was found, with only slight isolation by distance. According to a Bayesian assignment test (TESS), a group of localities in the coastal mountain range from the Bío-Bío Region formed a distinct genetic cluster. Our results also suggest that the codling moth that invaded the southernmost locality (Aysén Region) had two origins from central Chile and another unknown source. We did not find significant genetic differentiation between codling moth samples from different host-plant species. Our results indicate high genetic exchange among codling moth populations between the different Chilean regions and host plants.

Predictive Mapping of Species Richness and Plant Species' Distributions of a Peruvian Fog Oasis Along an Altitudinal Gradient

Biotropica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannes Muenchow ◽  
Achim Bräuning ◽  
Eric Frank Rodríguez ◽  
Henrik von Wehrden
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Predictive Mapping ◽  
Plant Species Distributions

A critically endangered new species of Comanthera from Bahia, Brazil (Paepalanthoideae, Eriocaulaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Echternacht
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Iucn Criteria

The present work describes and illustrates the new narrowly endemic species Comanthera pignalii (Eriocaulaceae: Paepalanthoideae). This species is restricted to the white-sand environments in the Campos Rupestres at the border of the Serra Geral, in the Espinhaço Mountain Range in Bahia, Brazil. The morphological variation, habitat and geographic distribution of the species are discussed. It is critically endangered according to the IUCN criteria B2ab (i, ii, iii, iv), as evaluated by CNCFlora, the Plant Red List Authority in Brazil. This is the first newly published plant species already officially proposed to the Brazilian Red List.

scholarly journals Plant species diversity and assessment in Quezon Protected Landscape, Southern Luzon, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Important Species

Quezon Protected Landscape (QPL) is a tropical rainforest situated at the southern Sierra Madre mountain range. However, it is subjected to anthropogenic pressure that poses threats to its flora and fauna. This study was conducted to describe the plant diversity, assess their ecological and conservation status, and to identify current anthropogenic threats in various vegetation types in QPL. Vegetation assessment was done using quadrat method established at different land use types wherein ninety 10×10 m nested plots were used for trees, 5×5 m subplots were used for herbs and shrubs, and 1×1 m subplots were used for grasses. The study documented a total of 328 species belonging to 84 families and 208 genera with 2,737 individuals. Species diversity is high as revealed by the values obtained from species diversity (H’) and species evenness (J’) indexes. Out of 172 tree species identified, the most important species are: Parashorea malaanonan (Blanco) Merr. in the regenerating and lowland evergreen dipterocarp forest; Diospyros pyrrhocarpa Miq. in the karst forest; Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit in the secondary forest; and Cocos nucifera L. in the agroforest. Assessment of ecological status showed that out of 328 species, 213 (64.94%) are native, wherein 65 (19.8%) are endemic, and 115 (35.06%) are introduced. Forty-five species (13.72%) are threatened in which 25 of those are endemic in the Philippines. Overall, QPL has a wide array of plant species and threats such as the illegal extraction of natural resources, encroachment, cleanliness and presence of invasive alien species. So, it is recommended that protection and awareness campaign should be done for conservation and sustainability. KEYWORDS: Importance Value Index, invasive species, species diversity, threatened species, vegetation analysis

scholarly journals Wildfire and topography drive woody plant diversity in a Sky Island mountain range in the Southwest USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Barton ◽  
Helen Poulos
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Gamma Diversity ◽  
In Fire ◽  
The Impact

Aim: Drastic changes in fire regimes are altering plant communities, inspiring ecologists to better understand the relationship between fire and plant species diversity. We examined the impact of a 2011 megafire on woody plant species diversity in an arid mountain range in southern Arizona, USA. We tested recent fire-diversity hypotheses by addressing the impact of the fire severity, fire variability, historic fire regimes, and topography on diversity. Location: Chiricahua National Monument, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona. USA., part of the Sky Islands of the US-Mexico borderlands. Taxon: Woody plant species. Methods: We sampled woody plant diversity in 138 plots before (2002-2003) and after (2017-2018) the 2011 Horseshoe Two Megafire in three vegetation types and across fire severity and topographic gradients. We calculated gamma, beta, and alpha diversity and examined changes over time in burned vs. unburned plots and the shapes of the relationships of diversity with fire severity and topography. Results: Alpha species richness declined and beta and gamma diversity increased in burned but not unburned plots. Fire-induced enhancement of gamma diversity was confined to low fire severity plots. Alpha diversity did not exhibit a clear continuous relationship with fire severity. Beta diversity was enhanced by fire severity variation among plots and increased with fire severity up to very high diversity, where it declined slightly. Main Conclusions: The results reject the intermediate disturbance hypothesis for alpha diversity but weakly support it for gamma diversity. Spatial variation in fire severity promoted variation among plant assemblages, supporting the pyrodiversity hypothesis. Long-term drought probably amplified fire-driven diversity changes. Despite the apparent benign impact of the fire on diversity, the replacement of two large conifer species with shrubs signals the potential loss of functional diversity, emphasizing the importance of intervention to direct the transition to a novel vegetation mosaic.

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