scholarly journals Qarakhanids on the Edge of the Bukhara Oasis: Archaeobotany of Medieval Paykend

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basira Mir-Makhamad ◽  
Sirojidin Mirzaakhmedov ◽  
Husniddin Rahmonov ◽  
Sören Stark ◽  
Andrey Omel’chenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Ecological Constraints ◽  
Central Artery ◽  
Archaeobotanical Remains ◽  
Military Structure ◽  
The City ◽  
The Silk Road ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Kyzyl Kum

AbstractThe urban center of Paykend was an exchange node just off the main corridor of the Silk Road in the Bukhara Oasis on the edge of the hyperarid Kyzyl–Kum Desert. The city was occupied from the end of 4 century B.C.E. to the mid–12 century C.E.; our study focuses on the Qarakhanid period (C.E. 999 – 1211), the last imperial phase of urban occupation at Paykend before its abandonment. In this study, we present the results of an analysis of archaeobotanical remains recovered from a multifunction rabat, which appears to have comprised a domicile, military structure, center of commerce, and/or a caravanserai, a roadside inn for travelers. We shed light on how people adapted a productive economy to the local ecological constraints. By adding these data to the limited Qarakhanid archaeobotany from across Central Asia, we provide the first glimpses into cultivation, commerce, and consumption at a Silk Road trading town along the King’s Road, the central artery of ancient Eurasia.

The English East India Company

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-112
Author(s):  
Tom McInally
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
East India Company ◽  
The Face ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
The City ◽  
The Silk Road

Using company records and Della Valle’s journals, this chapter explains Strachan’s introduction to members of the East India Company in Isfahan. The struggles of the fledgling organisation to establish itself in Iran and India in the face of opposition from Portuguese and other western traders and its shortage of gold and silver are outlined and set against the background of Shah Abbas I’s reign and trade along the Silk Road. Strachan’s early involvement with the Levant Company in Aleppo and Baghdad did not overcome the suspicions that the English merchants in Isfahan held about Strachan because of his religion, nationality, friendship with the Carmelite friars in the city and, above all, his association with the Spanish ambassador, Don Garcías de Silva y Figueroa. Nevertheless, they employed him as physician and interpreter.

Palaeoenvironment and agriculture of ancient Loulan and Milan on the Silk Road

The Holocene ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Zhang ◽  
Houyuan Lu ◽  
Naiqin Wu ◽  
Xiaoguang Qin ◽  
Luo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Ancient Lake ◽  
Naked Barley ◽  
Main Food Source ◽  
Staple Crop ◽  
The City ◽  
Lop Nor ◽  
The Silk Road

Ancient Loulan, an important city on the Silk Road, disappeared about 1500 years ago. The environmental conditions associated with the vicissitude of ancient Loulan have been debated since the city was rediscovered in ad 1900. However, little paleobotanical evidence concerning vegetation and environment in this area has so far been available. In this study, phytoliths and diatoms extracted from 16 samples including two fossil camel coprolites from sites of Loulan and Milan indicate that the landscape of ancient Loulan was a typical oasis, where reeds, grasses of Paniceae and Pooideae probably grew along with some shrubs. Also, some typical brackish diatoms might live in some water bodies in the catchment of an ancient lake, Lop Nor. Our results also suggest that common millet as staple crop, and foxtail millet and possibly naked barley as non-staple crops were the main food source for ancient Loulan and Milan residents between ad 50 and 770.

scholarly journals Emerging Tourism between Pakistan and China: Tourism Opportunities via China-Pakistan Economic Corridor

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ahtsham Ali ◽  
Jahanzaib Haider ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Syed Irfan Ali ◽  
Xu Ming
Keyword(s):  
Critical Energy ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Silk Road ◽  
Shed Light

Background: The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a mega-project worth more than 54 billion US dollars, as a result of which bilateral relations between Pakistan and China reached new heights. The CPEC is designed to facilitate the establishment of links between Pakistan and the road network, railways and pipelines in conjunction with energy, industrial and other infrastructure projects to ensure the critical energy shortage necessary to enhance the economic growth in Pakistan.Objective: The main purpose of this article is to shed light on promotion of mutual understanding on China's initiative for the revival of the Silk Road and the benefits and challenges for the tourism industry which the CPEC can bring to the neighboring countries, especially Pakistan. A very new project will give us plenty of room to develop a number of innovative points greatly to improve the quality of services and the overall tourist experience in these new tourist destinations.Methodology: Qualitative research and analysis with the help of online research and data collection; the study of excellence in individual scenarios tourist sites, focusing on the aspects of service and policy will be useful to improve tourism on both sides via the Silk Road. Authors also collected data from tourist websites and recommend top rated tourist attractions on Silk Road from Khunjrab pass (border between china and Pakistan) to Gawadar, Pakistan. These tourists’ attraction are hints for tourists, travel agents and new researchers.

scholarly journals Polities and nomads: the emergence of the Silk Road exchange in the Tarim Basin region during late prehistory (2000–400 bce)

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Larsen Høisæter
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
City States ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
The City ◽  
The Silk Road ◽  
Eastern Central Asia

AbstractThe Silk Road trade network was arguably the most important network of global exchange and interaction prior to the fifteenth century. On the question of how and when it developed, scholars have focused mainly on the role of either the empires dominating the two ends of the trade network or the nomadic empires on the Eurasian steppe. The sedentary people of Central Asia have, however, mostly been neglected. This article traces the development of the city-states of the Tarim Basin in eastern Central Asia, from c. 2000 bce to 400 bce. It argues that the development of the city-states of the Tarim Basin is closely linked to the rise of the ancient Silk Road and that the interaction between the Tarim polities, the nomads of the Eurasian steppe and the Han Empire was the central dynamic in the creation of the ancient Silk Road network in eastern Central Asia.

Soul of Chang’an and Origin of the Silk Road — Decipher the “Tang West Market”

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
Miao Wu ◽  
Yu Jie Mao
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Protection And Utilization ◽  
The City ◽  
The Silk Road

In this paper, by deciphering the Tang West Market, we try to explore a new way out for protecting and utilizing the heritage of Xi’an as well as sustaining the features of the city from the standpoint of protection and utilization of urban heritage, urban features and architectural creation.

Economic Aspects of Settlement in the Oasis of Bukhara, Uzbekistan: An Archaeo-Economic Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rocco Rante ◽  
Federico Trionfetti
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
City Size ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Ancient Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ancient Society ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Silk Road

This paper focuses on the new approach studying variations in city size and the impact that the Silk Road had on the structure of cities, demonstrated through the study of economic aspects of the Bukhara oasis. We use archaeological data, compare the ancient economy to modern ones, use modern economic theory and methods to understand ancient society, and use what we have learned about the ancient economy to understand modern economies better. In sum, we explore the past through the present and the latter through the former. Our main finding is the generation of models able to answer to the city-size distribution in different territories, comparing them between the past and the present. This study first revealed that, through Zipf's Law, we found similarities between modern post-Industrial Revolution and medieval economics. Secondly, we also found that in ancient times the structure of the city was linked with the local economic demand. We have demonstrated this through the study of cities along the Silk Road.

scholarly journals A ROLE OF THE SILK WAY IN DEVELOPING THE CITY OF SARAYSHYK

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Boranbayeva ◽  
◽  
K.A. Tulentayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Silk Road

The Great Silk Road was a network of caravan routes which connected the East and West in the ancient and medieval times. In this article the impact of the Silk Road on the development of trade and the growth of cities in the Kazakh territory has been given as an example of Saraishyk city located on the Zhaiyk river. To examine one of the oldest cities of Desht-I Kipchak, Saraishyk and its emergence, prosperity, rise and fall would be a great contribution to the research of the old cities of Kazakhstan. Therefore, the author makes some statements relying on the works of scholars and archeologists such as N. Arzuytov, E. Ageeva, A. Margulan and others who conducted archeological excavations on Saraishyk city. The role of the Great Silk Road in the prosperity of Saraishyk city as a cultural, administrative and

Venez. seda ardass / seda ardasina

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-891
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Schweickard
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Silk Production ◽  
The City ◽  
The Silk Road

Abstract The terms seda ardass and seda ardasina ‘variety of silk’ frequently appear in the letters of the Venetian merchant Andrea Berengo written in 1555/1556. The etymon is not Persian ārdan ‘raw silk’, but the name of the city of Ağdaş / Aġdaš (with the nisba adjective aġdašī) in central Azerbaijan which was located on the Silk Road and is still known in modern times for its silk production.

How the Residents of Turfan used Textiles as Money, 273–796ce

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-305
Author(s):  
VALERIE HANSEN ◽  
XINJIANG RONG
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Taklamakan Desert ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The City ◽  
The Silk Road

Textiles, grain, coins; people living in the Silk Road oasis of Turfan, 160 km south-east of Urumqi in today's Xinjiang, used all three items as money between 273 and 769. The city of Gaochang (some 40 km east of today's Turfan) was one of the most important cities on the northern route around the Taklamakan Desert, and many of its inhabitants were buried in the adjacent Astana and Karakhoja graveyards. The region's dry climate has preserved an extensive group of paper documents dating to before, and after, the Tang conquest of the city in 640. The residents of Turfan buried their dead with shoes, belts, hats and clothing made from recycled paper with writing on it. These records offer an unparalleled glimpse of how people living along the Silk Road used textiles as currency.

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