Qarakhanids on the Edge of the Bukhara Oasis: Archaeobotany of Medieval Paykend

The urban center of Paykend was an exchange node just off the main corridor of the Silk Road in the Bukhara Oasis on the edge of the hyperarid Kyzyl–Kum Desert. The city was occupied from the end of 4 century B.C.E. to the mid–12 century C.E.; our study focuses on the Qarakhanid period (C.E. 999 – 1211), the last imperial phase of urban occupation at Paykend before its abandonment. In this study, we present the results of an analysis of archaeobotanical remains recovered from a multifunction rabat, which appears to have comprised a domicile, military structure, center of commerce, and/or a caravanserai, a roadside inn for travelers. We shed light on how people adapted a productive economy to the local ecological constraints. By adding these data to the limited Qarakhanid archaeobotany from across Central Asia, we provide the first glimpses into cultivation, commerce, and consumption at a Silk Road trading town along the King’s Road, the central artery of ancient Eurasia.

Bio-Morphological Peculiarities Of Salsola Orientalis S. Gmel In The Conditions Of South Aral Sea Region

The article is devoted to the study of the growth and development of Salsola orientalis S. Gmel in a culture. In the literature, the growth and development of Salsola orientalis S. Gmel is readily eaten by animals in all seasons and is a good fatty food for sheep. The eaten part of the plants is annual shoots with leaves; flowers and fruits, often more lignified lower parts of the bushes. Therefore, it is difficult to find plants in grazed areas that are not damaged by animals, which makes Salsola orientalis quite suitable for making hay. Despite the practical value of this species and great attention from researchers, the growth and development of Salsola orientalis, taking into account the influence of the ecological conditions of the Karakalpak part of the Kyzyl-Kum Desert, have been little studied.

REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF THE KARAKUL SHEEP SHEEP OF THE KARAKALPAK BREED TYPE DEPENDING ON THE CONDITIONS IN THE NORTHWEST OF KYZYLKUM

The article describes the methods of increasing the breeding productivity of Karakul sheep of the Karakalpak breed type, depending on the diet and seasonality of the sheep's nutrition for the mating period in the North-West Kyzylkum desert. Karakul breeding is the most important branch of agriculture in Karakalpakstan, therefore it is very important to increase the number of livestock, and the mating of Karakul sheep is a very important point in animal breeding. The object of research was the herds of sheep of the Karakalpak breed type in the breeding farm in the North-West Kyzyl Kum. The results of the study of the reproductive potential of sheep showed that in order to increase the number of pregnant queens one and a half months before the planned measures for insemination or mating, enhanced feeding of the sheep and a sufficient amount of balanced and succulent green fodder is necessary. Sheep also need concentrated feed of at least kg per head per day. The individual characteristics of the animals were also taken into account to determine the best time for insemination. For this, constant supervision over the behavior of the tribal members of the herd was organized. Observations also showed that the hunting period in sheep lasts for 1-2 days. and is repeated after 3 weeks. The seasonality of sexual hunting is most associated with autumn and the beginning of winter. In extreme heat and severe cold, hunting is weak.

THE ELECTRONIC DATABASE OF FLORA OF THE SOUTH-EAST KYZYL-KUM RELICS

In last years, in floristic investigations, more attention has been paid to the formation of the electronic databases. In Uzbekistan, this tendency is associated with the research of K.Sh. Tojibayev (Database, 2010), where a database of large natural flora was compiled for the first time in Central Asia. In subsequent years, the accumulation of floristic data in the form of an electronic database has become one of the mandatory components. In particular, special attention was paid to this in the work of F.I. Karimov on monocotyledonous geophytes of the Ferghana Valley (Karimov, 2015)

AN OVERVIEW ON THE SUBTERRANEAN FAUNA FROM CENTRAL ASIA

Survey of the aquatic subterranean fauna from caves, springs, interstitial habitat, wells in deserts, artificial tunnels (Khanas) of five countries of the former URSS (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) located far east the Caspian Sea. The cave fauna present some originalities: - the rich fauna of foraminiferida in the wells of the Kara-Kum desert (Turkmenistan); - the cave fish Paracobitis starostini from the Provull gypsum Cave (Turkmenistan); - the presence of a rich stygobitic fauna in the wells of the Kyzyl-Kum desert (Uzbekistan); - the rich stygobitic fauna from the hyporheic of streams and wells around the tectonic Issyk-Kul Lake (Kyrgyzstan); - the eastern limit of the European genus Niphargus from the sub-lacustrin springs on the eastern shore of the Caspian Sea (Kazakhstan); - the presence of cave fauna of marine origin. Approximately 96 stygobionts, 9 stygobionts/stygophiles and 3 troglobionts are recorded.

Geodynamic condition of formation of favorable structural positions for ore-grade gold placement in auminzatau-beltau ore area (the central kyzyl kum, western uzbekistan)

Work is directed on studying of a geodynamic condition under which the structural positions controlling process of endogenous ore formation were formed. It is shown that explosive region tectonics under the influence of regional tectonic efforts formed structural elements (positions) which controlled formation of gold deposits. It is recognized that structural positions are defined by variety of systems of disjunctive dislocation and their relationship among themselves. Formation of favorable positions depends as well on morphology of ore controlling structures, on degree of their tectonic activity and spatial situation in relation to the direction of tectonic (geodynamic) efforts.