Economic Aspects of Settlement in the Oasis of Bukhara, Uzbekistan: An Archaeo-Economic Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rocco Rante ◽  
Federico Trionfetti
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
City Size ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Ancient Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ancient Society ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Silk Road

This paper focuses on the new approach studying variations in city size and the impact that the Silk Road had on the structure of cities, demonstrated through the study of economic aspects of the Bukhara oasis. We use archaeological data, compare the ancient economy to modern ones, use modern economic theory and methods to understand ancient society, and use what we have learned about the ancient economy to understand modern economies better. In sum, we explore the past through the present and the latter through the former. Our main finding is the generation of models able to answer to the city-size distribution in different territories, comparing them between the past and the present. This study first revealed that, through Zipf's Law, we found similarities between modern post-Industrial Revolution and medieval economics. Secondly, we also found that in ancient times the structure of the city was linked with the local economic demand. We have demonstrated this through the study of cities along the Silk Road.

scholarly journals A ROLE OF THE SILK WAY IN DEVELOPING THE CITY OF SARAYSHYK

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Boranbayeva ◽  
◽  
K.A. Tulentayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
East And West ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Silk Road

The Great Silk Road was a network of caravan routes which connected the East and West in the ancient and medieval times. In this article the impact of the Silk Road on the development of trade and the growth of cities in the Kazakh territory has been given as an example of Saraishyk city located on the Zhaiyk river. To examine one of the oldest cities of Desht-I Kipchak, Saraishyk and its emergence, prosperity, rise and fall would be a great contribution to the research of the old cities of Kazakhstan. Therefore, the author makes some statements relying on the works of scholars and archeologists such as N. Arzuytov, E. Ageeva, A. Margulan and others who conducted archeological excavations on Saraishyk city. The role of the Great Silk Road in the prosperity of Saraishyk city as a cultural, administrative and

scholarly journals An analysis on the effects of urbanization on the local climate of three inland developing cites in East China

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-518
Author(s):  
HE ZHIMING ◽  
DENG SHIRU ◽  
LI LEI ◽  
PAK WAI CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Large City ◽  
City Size ◽  
East China ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Developing Cities ◽  
Warming Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Most studies on the impact of China’s urbanization on local climate focus on developed coastal cities, with little attention paid to inland developing cities. In the present study, we selected three representative and neighboring developing cities (Nanchang, Jiujiang and De’an) in East China to examine, through comparative analyses, local climate changes in inland developing cities with varying sizes during the past 45 years, based on homogenized datasets (1967-2012) released by the National Ground Meteorological Station, taking local economic, demographic, etc. factors into account. Our findings are as follows: The speed of urbanization in these three inland developing cities is correlated to their respective status and sizes - the bigger the city, the faster the urbanization occurring in said city. The pace of the urbanization has a clear impact on the local temperature variability. For the past 45 years, the warming rate in Nanchang (large city) was approximately 0.27 /decade while that in Jiujiang (middle-size city) was approximately  0.23 /decade and that in De’an (small town) was approximately 0.20 /decade. The warming rate was observed to rise in line with city size. The number of high temperature days (HTDs) increased significantly in all three cities over the course of the past 45 years. During the period of 2003 to 2012, HTDs in Nanchang, Jiujiang and De’an increased by 9.8, 5.1 and 1.3 days, respectively, compared with the period of 1967-1976. The larger the city, the more significant the increase in HTDs was observed.

The English East India Company

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-112
Author(s):  
Tom McInally
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
East India Company ◽  
The Face ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
The City ◽  
The Silk Road

Using company records and Della Valle’s journals, this chapter explains Strachan’s introduction to members of the East India Company in Isfahan. The struggles of the fledgling organisation to establish itself in Iran and India in the face of opposition from Portuguese and other western traders and its shortage of gold and silver are outlined and set against the background of Shah Abbas I’s reign and trade along the Silk Road. Strachan’s early involvement with the Levant Company in Aleppo and Baghdad did not overcome the suspicions that the English merchants in Isfahan held about Strachan because of his religion, nationality, friendship with the Carmelite friars in the city and, above all, his association with the Spanish ambassador, Don Garcías de Silva y Figueroa. Nevertheless, they employed him as physician and interpreter.

Technological Developments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1464-1487
Author(s):  
Hande Mutlu Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Impact

Technological developments in recent years have been affecting the lives of people and societies more rapidly than in the past. Developments in the field of communication, robotics, transportation, etc. are called the 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 in the industrial sector. Technological developments have created great changes in the services and industrial sectors. Industry 4.0 has also led to changes in the transformation of the tourism sector and is likely to occur in future processes. This chapter examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on the tourism sector.

Spanning Thousands of Miles and Years: Political Nostalgia and China's Revival of the Silk Road

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Benabdallah
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
The Silk Road

Abstract The study of international relations (IR) has paid increasing attention over the last decade or so to the politics of memory, trauma, shame, but to a less extent to the political instrumentalization of positive experiences of the past. Indeed, IR theory rarely engaged the concept of nostalgia and its place within foreign policy making despite its potential for providing a powerful theoretical lens to explain hegemonic power dynamics. Sitting at the intersection of time and space, of time and affect, and of past and present, political nostalgia enables state leaders to move back and forth in time bringing back the past not for the past's sake but for the promise of a prosperous future. This article examines Chinese government's nostalgic borrowings from the Ancient Silk Road in order to associate Xi Jinping's new grand strategy, the New Silk Road to notions of inclusivity and prosperity. Reviving stories about fifteenth-century Chinese admiral Zheng He and reconstructing the history of his maritime navigations through stories and images of camel caravans crossing sand dunes are illustrations of political nostalgia.

scholarly journals City Profile: Johannesburg, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-270
Author(s):  
Caryn Abrahams ◽  
David Everatt
Keyword(s):  
Urban Governance ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
The Political ◽  
African Continent ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fiscal Management ◽  
The North ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The city of Johannesburg offers insights into urban governance and the interesting interplay between managing the pressures in a rapidly urbanizing context, with the political imperatives that are enduring challenges. The metropolitan municipality of Johannesburg (hereafter Johannesburg), as it is known today, represents one of the most diverse cities in the African continent. That urbanization, however, came up hard against the power of the past. Areas zoned by race had been carved into the landscape, with natural and manufactured boundaries to keep formerly white areas ‘safe’ from those zoned for other races. Highways, light industrial plant, rivers and streams, all combined to ensure the Johannesburg landscape are spatially disfigured, and precisely because it is built into the landscape, the impact of apartheid has proved remarkably durable. Urban growth is concentrated in Johannesburg’s townships and much of it is class driven: the middle class (of all races) is increasingly being found in cluster and complexes in the north Johannesburg, while poor and working-class African and coloured communities in particular are densifying in the south. The racial and spatial divisions of the city continue to pose fundamental challenges in terms of governance, fiscal management and spatially driven service delivery.

The impact of information quality in DMOs’ Facebook pages on the formation of destination image in the Silk Road: the case of Almaty, Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1587-1592
Author(s):  
Maribel Rodríguez ◽  
Samalgul Nassanbekova ◽  
Leonor M. Pérez ◽  
Nazym Uruzbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Information Quality ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Facebook Pages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Silk Road

scholarly journals Actually existing silk roads

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trading Posts ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade And Exchange ◽  
The City

This article explores the relevance of the concept of Silk Road for understanding the patterns of trade and exchange between China, Eurasia and the Middle East. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork in the city of Yiwu, in China's Zhejiang Province. Yiwu is a node in the global distribution of Chinese ‘small commodities’ and home to merchants and traders from across Asia and beyond. The article explores the role played by traders from Afghanistan in connecting the city of Yiwu to markets and trading posts in the world beyond. It seeks to bring attention to the diverse types of networks involved in such forms of trade, as well as their emergence and development over the past thirty years.

Palaeoenvironment and agriculture of ancient Loulan and Milan on the Silk Road

The Holocene ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Zhang ◽  
Houyuan Lu ◽  
Naiqin Wu ◽  
Xiaoguang Qin ◽  
Luo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Food Source ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Ancient Lake ◽  
Naked Barley ◽  
Main Food Source ◽  
Staple Crop ◽  
The City ◽  
Lop Nor ◽  
The Silk Road

Ancient Loulan, an important city on the Silk Road, disappeared about 1500 years ago. The environmental conditions associated with the vicissitude of ancient Loulan have been debated since the city was rediscovered in ad 1900. However, little paleobotanical evidence concerning vegetation and environment in this area has so far been available. In this study, phytoliths and diatoms extracted from 16 samples including two fossil camel coprolites from sites of Loulan and Milan indicate that the landscape of ancient Loulan was a typical oasis, where reeds, grasses of Paniceae and Pooideae probably grew along with some shrubs. Also, some typical brackish diatoms might live in some water bodies in the catchment of an ancient lake, Lop Nor. Our results also suggest that common millet as staple crop, and foxtail millet and possibly naked barley as non-staple crops were the main food source for ancient Loulan and Milan residents between ad 50 and 770.

Cash and Customers: Theatre Revenue and the National Economy

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 258-263
Author(s):  
Paul Huntington
Keyword(s):  
Arts Administration ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Arts ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

While statistical information on certain sectors of the British theatre is slowly becoming available – notably from the Arts Council and the Society of West End Theatre, as also from researchers in the Department of Arts Administration at the City University – few attempts have yet been made to draw useful conclusions from these figures, or to deduce how they might be helpful in terms of forward-planning and projections. In the following article. Paul Huntington examines the relationship between theatre revenue and total consumer expenditure, in the context of published figures which illustrate the changing national economic picture of the past decade. He examines not only the way in which these figures tend, naturally enough, to confirm certain expectations – for example, concerning the impact of tourism on the theatre – but also less expected findings, such as the relative upsurge in the fortunes of the regional theatres at a time of slump in the commercial sector of the West End.

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