Hydrogen peroxide detoxifying enzymes show different activity patterns in host and non-host plant interactions with Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype

The responses of adult solitarious desert locust to odors from a host plant were evaluated in a two-choice wind tunnel. Solitarious desert locusts collected from the field (Red Sea Coast) were more attracted to volatiles from pottedHeliotropium ovalifoliumin scotophase than in photophase. The attraction towards the host plant odors rather than to clean air, in both photophase and scotophase, concurs with previous observations on oviposition preferences near these plants. Diel behavioral activity patterns of adult solitarious desert locustsSchistocerca gregaria(Forskål) that were collected from the field in Port Sudan were investigated by monitoring, scanning, resting, taking off, and walking/running in a wind tunnel. Solitarious locusts that had been propagated in the laboratory for 20 generations were also observed for comparison. In both groups of locusts, insects were significantly more active after sunset and this activity attained peak level at 1-2 hours after dusk. Of the two groups, solitarious locusts collected from the field were significantly more active. In the scotophase, the former traversed distances that were about seven times those covered by laboratory-reared locusts. Overall, the results show that the repertoire of behavioral activities of solitarious locusts is maintained in laboratory-reared insects, albeit at a lower level. The implications of these observations in the behavioral ecology of the desert locust are discussed.

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The Influence of Cell Growth, Detoxifying Enzymes and DNA Repair on Hydrogen Peroxide-Mediated DNA Damage (Measured Using the Comet Assay) in Human Cells

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/s0891-5849(96)00421-2 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 717-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Susan J Duthie ◽

Andrew R Collins

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Dna Repair ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Human Cells ◽

Detoxifying Enzymes

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Host plant interactions between wheat germplasm source and wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) I. Commercial cultivars

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-088 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 607-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. L. Beres ◽

H. A. Cárcamo ◽

J. R. Byers ◽

F. R. Clarke ◽

C. J. Pozniak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽

Cephus Cinctus ◽

Wheat Germplasm ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Solid Stem ◽

The Impact

Beres, B. L., Cárcamo, H. A., Byers, J. R., Clarke, F. R., Pozniak, C. J., Basu, S. K. and DePauw, R. M. 2013. Host plant interactions between wheat germplasm source and wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) I. Commercial cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 607–617. The wheat stem sawfly (WSS) Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) is an economically destructive insect pest of wheat in the northern Great Plains. A significant resurgence of the insect pest in the southern prairies of Canada caused substantial economic losses from 1999 through 2007. Solid-stem cultivar selection is critical to the management of WSS but adoption of the use of these cultivars was low, which compounded losses at harvest. A study was conducted from 2001 to 2003 in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada (1) to establish the range of susceptibility of hollow- and solid-stem varieties representing the major spring wheat classes and (2) to determine the impact of host plant on WSS population dynamics. The solid-stem varieties were generally superior at reducing damage and fitness response of WSS. However, in addition to the durum cultivars AC Navigator and AC Avonlea, the variety McKenzie, which was considered hollow, provided improved efficacy over other hollow-stem cultivars. Our study suggests solid-stem cultivars are highly effective but prone to inconsistent performance and should therefore be integrated into a holistic strategy for WSS that includes agronomics and biocontrol. A companion paper will report on the response of cultivars with novel sources of germplasm.

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Aphids on cabbage: tritrophic and selective insecticide interactions

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300025967 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 343-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R.H.J. Verkerk ◽

K.R. Neugebauer ◽

P.R. Ellis ◽

D.J. Wright

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Gall Midge ◽

Separate Experiment ◽

Host Plant Selection ◽

Seed Kernel ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Neem Extract ◽

Larva Feeding ◽

Selective Insecticides ◽

Aphid Host

AbstractLaboratory-based experiments are presented involving two aphid sepcies (Myzus persicae Sulzer, a generalist and Brevicoryne brassicae Linnaeus, a crucifer specialist), and the predatory gall midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani, on three cultivars of common cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata cv. Derby Day (green-leaved), Minicole (green-leaved) and Ruby Ball (red-leaved). In a laboratory-based tritrophic system including both species of aphid, the three cabbage cultivars and A. aphidimyza, predator both species of aphid, the three feeding on M. persicae or B. brassicae on cv. Derby Day, while growth was slowest separate experiment, A. asphidimyza larva feeding on B. brassicae on each of the three cultivars were significantly smaller and consumed less aphid fresh weight when maintained outdoors (mean temperature = 13.5°C) compared with a constant environment room (20°C). However, in this latter experiment under neither regime were differeneces in predator growth or consumption significant between cultivars. Effects of selective insecticides (pirimicarb and a neem seed kernel extract, NeemAzal-T/SR) on bitrophic (aphid-host plant) interactions were also investigated in the laboratory. A pirimicarb dose equating to c. 15% of the recommended field concentration caused equivalent toxicity of M. persicae on cv. Minicole compared with aphids treated with a three-fold greater dose and reared on cv. Derby Day. Cultivar-mediated differences in aphid mortality caused by the neem extract when tested for systemic and translaminar activity were not apparent. The results are discussed in relation to ways in which host plant selection, selective insecticides and biological control could potentially be manipulated and optimized in aphid management system on brassica crops.

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Oregon Bee Atlas: native bee findings from 2018

CATALOG OREGON STATE ARTHROPOD COLLECTION ◽

10.5399/osu/cat_osac.5.1.4647 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lincoln Best ◽

Christopher J Marshall ◽

Cody Feuerborn ◽

Sarah Kincaid ◽

Andony Melathopoulos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

State Level ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Plant Host ◽

Species Of Conservation Concern ◽

Native Bee ◽

Conservation Concern ◽

Occurrence Records

The Oregon Bee Atlas is a new volunteer-led effort to characterize the bee fauna of Oregon State by collecting, preparing, and databasing native bee species and capturing plant host records. In 2018, volunteers collected 11,044 bee specimens across 33 Oregon counties, representing 179 unique bee species, and 32 unique bee genera. Specimens were collected from a total of 310 unique flowering plant genera, resulting in one of the largest state-level databases of bee-host plant interactions. Volunteers produced valuable occurrence records for species poorly known for the State, and species of conservation concern. The 2018 efforts constitute a proof-of-concept of a specimen-focused volunteer native bee survey.

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Aphid Species Specializing on Milkweed Have Distinct Bacterial Symbiont Communities

10.21203/rs.3.rs-399030/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laramy Enders ◽

Thorsten Hansen ◽

Kirsten Brichler ◽

John Couture ◽

Elizabeth French

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Aphid Species ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Specialist Herbivore ◽

Host Plant Specialization ◽

Chemical Profiles ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Defensive Chemical

Abstract Host plant range is arguably one of the most important factors shaping microbial communities associated with insect herbivores. However, it is unclear whether host plant specialization limits microbial community diversity or to what extent herbivores sharing a common host plant evolve distinct microbiomes. To investigate whether variation in host plant specialization influences the composition of herbivore symbiont populations we compared bacterial diversity across three milkweed aphid species (Aphis nerii, Aphis asclepiadis, Myzocallis asclepiadis) feeding on a common host plant (Asclepias syriaca) using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. Overall, bacterial species richness did not vary with degree of host plant specialization. However, aphid species harbored distinct bacterial communities that varied in composition and relative abundance of key symbionts. Differences in aphid microbiomes were primarily due to strain variation in the obligate symbiont Buchnera and facultative symbiont Arsenophonus, as most of the low-abundant taxa were found in all three species. Interestingly, A. asclepiadis harbored a greater diversity of unique strains of Buchnera and significantly higher Arsenophonus relative abundances compared to the other two aphid species. Although many low abundance microbes were shared across all milkweed aphids, key differences exist in symbiotic partnerships that could influence additional ecological variation, including variation in ant tending observed across milkweed aphid species via microbial induced changes to honeydew or defensive chemical profiles. This study suggests generalist and specialist herbivore microbiomes are similar when feeding on a common host plant and highlights an intriguing potential role for strain level variation of key aphid symbionts in host-plant interactions.

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