Comparative frequency analysis of daily maximum rainfall and its probability in Northern region of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Salem Alhumimidi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Maximum Rainfall

scholarly journals Estimation and analysis of the effective rainfall In Tabuk area – Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 142-186
Author(s):  
د. فهدة فلاح بن حشر د. فهدة فلاح بن حشر
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Maximum Daily Rainfall

this study examined the effective rainfall in Tabuk area by applying the Lang rainfall factor, De Martonne Index and the (UNEP) arid index. The study methodology was based on a statistical tests using the Normality test (Shapiro-Wilk), the Homogeneity test (Leven test), the ANOVA (LSD test) of the monthly mean of rainfall, the daily maximum rainfall and the total number of rainfall days. The multiple comparison (Tehmane’s Test) had been applied between the studied stations. The results of the Shapiro-Wilk test shows that the distribution of monthly rainfall averages follows normal distribution in all stations except stations Tabuk and Al Bad’ and that the maximum daily rainfall distribution at Duba, Shuw?q, Al Kurr stations is also normal distribution. The Leven test results showed that the significance level was greater than 0.05 and the Leven Test was greater than 0.05 for the average monthly precipitation, for the daily maximum rainfall and for the number of rain days and it indicates the homogeneity of the rainfall variances in the studied stations.The ANOVA analysis of the averages and maximum daily rainfall, shows that the significance level is greater than 0.05 and the LSD test is greater than 0.05 indicating that the differences are not significant. While the LSD was greater than 0.05 for the number of rain days, indicating that the differences between the number of rain days and their distribution at the studied stations are statistically significant differences, and therefore there is no homogeneity in their differences. The results of the Tamhane’s Test of multiple comparison confirmed that the mean level of monthly mean rainfall and daily maximum rainfall is greater than 0.05 indicates that the differences between the monthly rain averages of and the daily maximum rainfall amounts are not significant for 22.2% of total comparisons.The effective rainfall estimate of Lang’s rainfall index shows that the threshold of effective mean rainfall is between 1.3 and 27.4 mm and that the threshold of maximum daily rainfall is 154.1 mm at the station (Al Bad’). Also, the effective rainfall estimate by the DeMartonne index shows that the threshold of average effective rainfall is between 1.2 and 15.2 mm and that the threshold of maximum daily rainfall is 80.4 mm at the station (Al Bad’). Therefore, the effective rainfall estimate by the UNEP index shows that the threshold of average effective rainfall is between 1.8 and 30.3 mm and that the threshold of maximum daily rainfall is 130.5 mm at the station (Al Bad’). Finally, the effective rainfall estimate by the difference between the rainfall and Pan Class“A” Evaporation shows that the threshold of average effective rainfall is between 1.2 and 25.8 mm and that the threshold of maximum daily rainfall is 137.1 mm at the station (Al Bad’).- Key Words:Effective rainfall average, Effective maximum daily rainfall , Number of rainy days, Statistical tests, Lang rainfall factor, DeMartonne index, UNEP arid index, Tabuk area, Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Regional frequency analysis of daily maximum rainfall in Haryana

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-846
Author(s):  
MOHIT NAIN ◽  
B. K. HOODA
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Quantile Estimation ◽  
Regional Frequency Analysis ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
L Moments ◽  
Regional Frequency

This paper is sets-out for the regional frequency analysis of daily maximum rainfall from the 27 rain gauge stations in Haryana using L-moments. As the distribution of rainfall varies spatially in Haryana, the 27 rain gauge stations are grouped into three clusters namely, cluster C1, C2 and C3 using Ward’s clustering method and homogeneity of clusters was confirmed using L-moments-based Heterogeneity measure (H). Using goodness-of-fit measure ( DIST Z ) and L-moment ratios diagram, suitable regional frequency distributions were selected among five candidate distributions;Generalized Logistic (GLO), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV),Generalized Normal (GNO), Generalized Pareto (GPA), and Pearson Type-3 (PE3) for each cluster. Results showed that PE3 and GNO were good fitted regional distribution for the cluster C1 and GEV, PE3 and GNO fitted for cluster C2 while for cluster C3; GLO and GEV were good fitted regional distribution. To select a robust distribution among good fitted distributions accuracy measures calculated using Monte Carlo simulations for each cluster. The simulation result showed that PE3 was the best choice for quantile estimation for cluster C1. For cluster C2, PE3 was the best choicefor a large return period and GEV was best for a small return period. For cluster C3, GEV was the most suitable distribution for quantile estimation. Using these robust distributions rainfall quantiles were estimated at each rain gauge station from 2 to 100 year return periods. These estimated rainfall quantiles may be rough guideline for planning and designing hydraulic structures by policy makers and structural engineers.

Regional frequency analysis of daily maximum rainfall in Haryana

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-846
Author(s):  
MOHIT NAIN ◽  
B. K. HOODA
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Quantile Estimation ◽  
Regional Frequency Analysis ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
L Moments ◽  
Regional Frequency

This paper is sets-out for the regional frequency analysis of daily maximum rainfall from the 27 rain gauge stations in Haryana using L-moments. As the distribution of rainfall varies spatially in Haryana, the 27 rain gauge stations are grouped into three clusters namely, cluster C1, C2 and C3 using Ward’s clustering method and homogeneity of clusters was confirmed using L-moments-based Heterogeneity measure (H). Using goodness-of-fit measure (  ) and L-moment ratios diagram, suitable regional frequency distributions were selected among five candidate distributions; Generalized Logistic (GLO), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV),Generalized Normal (GNO), Generalized Pareto (GPA), and Pearson Type-3 (PE3) for each cluster. Results showed that PE3 and GNO were good fitted regional distribution for the cluster C1 and GEV, PE3 and GNO fitted for cluster C2 while for cluster C3; GLO and GEV were good fitted regional distribution. To select a robust distribution among good fitted distributions accuracy measures calculated using Monte Carlo simulations for each cluster. The simulation result showed that PE3 was the best choice for quantile estimation for cluster C1. For cluster C2, PE3 was the best choicefor a large return period and GEV was best for a small return period. For cluster C3, GEV was the most suitable distribution for quantile estimation. Using these robust distributions rainfall quantiles were estimated at each rain gauge station from 2 to 100 year return periods. These estimated rainfall quantiles may be rough guideline for planning and designing hydraulic structures by policy makers and structural engineers.

scholarly journals Current Status of Knowledge about Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation among the University Students in the Northern Region of Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulmajeed Owaid Alsharari ◽  
Abdulrahaman Alduraywish ◽  
Ekremah Ali Al-Zarea ◽  
Naif Ibrahim Salmon ◽  
Md Sayed Ali Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
University Students ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The University ◽  
Cpr Training

Background. Sudden cardiac arrest is a major public health problem in the world. Immediate initiation of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) significantly increased patient survival rate. Therefore, it is very important to train young people and increase public awareness of CPR for the long-term benefit of the community. Objective. We aimed at estimating the level of knowledge and attitude towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among the university students in the northern region of Saudi Arabia. Methodology. A cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted among the students of four northern region universities of Saudi Arabia (Jouf, Hail, Northern Borders, and Tabuk) between March and November 2017. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared in both Arabic and English languages and distributed to all the participants. All the data were collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Results. A total of 947 students from four universities completed the questionnaire: Jouf (57%), Hail (15%), Northern Borders (13%), and Tabuk (15%). Although 72% of students have previous knowledge about CPR, 49% of them lack knowledge about a medical emergency. Moreover, 59% failed to answer regarding CPR where only 41% wrote the ABC steps in the correct sequence. However, 67% of the participants had very poor knowledge, 89% of participants desired to receive additional CPR training course, and 49% of the students thought that CPR training should be a mandatory graduation requirement for all universities. There were no significant differences between male and female students. Students from medicine-related colleges have significantly (p<0.001) more knowledge and scored better compared with non-medicine-related colleges. Tabuk University scored better compared to the others, but the overall knowledge and attitude scored were low. Conclusions. Overall knowledge about CPR among the university students was not satisfactory; however, attitude towards CRP training was very positive. Our results suggested that there is a need for improvement of CPR education among Saudi university students, which will help to reduce the cardiac arrest mortality rate among the community.

Evaluation of Radiation Doses from Computed Tomography Conducted in Al Jouf Region (Saudi Arabia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2130-2136
Author(s):  
Ziyad Awadh Alrowaili ◽  
M. Ashari
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Dose Index

A safe radiation dose from computed tomography (CT) is normally specified through the Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) as an “effective dose.” Radiation exposure from CT is relatively high in comparison with other radiological tests. In this paper, we evaluate doses used on adult patients during typical CT scans, in Al Jouf, the northern region of Saudi Arabia. Scanning processes were taken place in different parts of the body; including the pelvis, head, abdomen, and chest. The dose indices were calculated using the CT-expo v2.5 computer software. A comparison of the results with similar investigations, regionally and globally, was made. Other comparisons between displayed and calculated dose indices were also performed. The main values of CT volume are the dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP). The effectiveness results for head CTs were 45.0 mGy, 488 mGy.cm, and 5.2 mSv; while for pelvic CTs they were 16.4 mGy, 391 mGy.cm, and 4.0 mSv; whereas for abdominal CTs they were 22.2 mGy, 613 mGy.cm, and 6.5 mSv; finally they were 17.5 mGy, 380 mGy.cm, and 3.9 mSv for chest CTs. It is confirmed that the values obtained are within the internationally accepted values, except for the values of the head examination, in which the effective dose value of 5.2 mSv was higher than the recommended value. This work gives an overview of the doses received by adult patients during regular CT examination. It is the first regional CT dose survey and provides a baseline for improvement and quality control in the region of Al Jouf.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Behavior of Daily Maximum Rainfall within the Department of Atlántico, Colombia

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2453
Author(s):  
Orlando M. Viloria-Marimón ◽  
Álvaro González-Álvarez ◽  
Javier A. Mouthón-Bello
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Stationary Conditions ◽  
Areal Rainfall

In the Colombian Caribbean region, there are few studies that evaluated the behavior of one of the most commonly used variables in hydrological analyses: the maximum daily rainfall (Pmax-24h). In this study, multiannual Pmax-24h time series from 19 rain gauges, located within the department of Atlántico, were analyzed to (a) determine possible increasing/decreasing trends over time, (b) identify regions with homogeneous behavior of Pmax-24h, (c) assess whether the time series are better suited under either a stationary or non-stationary frequency analysis, (d) generate isohyetal maps under stationary, non-stationary, and mixed conditions, and (e) evaluate the isohyetal maps by means of the calculation of areal rainfall (Pareal) in nine watersheds. In spite of the presence of both increasing and decreasing trends, only the Puerto Giraldo rain gauge showed a significant decreasing trend. Also, three regions (east, central, and west) with similar Pmax-24h behavior were identified. According to the Akaike information criterion test, 79% of the rain gauges showed better fit under stationary conditions. Finally, statistical analysis revealed that, under stationary conditions, the errors in the calculation of Pareal were more frequent, while the magnitude of the errors was larger under non-stationary conditions, especially in the central–south region.

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