scholarly journals New turtle remains from the Late Cretaceous of Monte Alto-SP, Brazil, including cranial osteology, neuroanatomy and phylogenetic position of a new taxon

PalZ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel S. Ferreira ◽  
Fabiano V. Iori ◽  
Guilherme Hermanson ◽  
Max C. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Cranial Osteology

scholarly journals New turtle remains from the Late Cretaceous of Monte Alto-SP, Brazil, including cranial osteology, neuroanatomy and phylogenetic position of a new taxon

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel S. Ferreira ◽  
Fabiano Vidoi Iori ◽  
Guilherme Hermanson ◽  
Max C. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
Cranial Osteology ◽  
Land Vertebrates ◽  
Comparative Description ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Cretaceous Deposits

A high diversity of land vertebrates is known from the Late Cretaceous deposits of the Bauru Basin, Brazil, including at least five turtle taxa, all belonging tothe cladePodocnemidoidae. Some of the richest fossil sites of this basin are in the area of Monte Alto, which yielded several squamate, dinosaur, and crocodyliform taxa. Yet, the single turtle reported so far from this area was only briefly described. Here, we further describe that specimen, a complete but very crushed shell, as well as a partial skull, both found in outcrops of the Adamantina Formation. Comparison of the shell to other podocnemidoid taxa reveals its affinities to Roxochelys wanderleyi, a turtle originally described from that same stratigraphic unit. The comparative description of the skull and its inclusion in a phylogenetic study, supports the proposal of a new taxon representing a lineage (Peiropemydodda) so far known only from the Marília Formation of the Bauru Basin and the early Paleocene of Bolivia. The digitally reconstructed endocast and inner ear of the new taxon were also described, as not previously done fora fossil pleurodire.

A giant within Carpocorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): Description of Adustonotus graziae sp. nov.

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4958 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-502
Author(s):  
FILIPE MICHELS BIANCHI
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Internal Genitalia ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

The Carpocorini are distributed worldwide, and it is one of the most speciose tribes within the Pentatomidae with 127 genera and more than 500 valid species. Recently, Adustonotus Bianchi was described to contain eight species formerly placed within Euschistus Dallas. Among them, Adustonotus grandis (Rolston) and Adustonotus latus (Dallas) are remarkable for their large size. Herein, the phylogenetic position of a new taxon is inferred by a total evidence analysis based on 85 morphological characters and four molecular markers. Adustonotus graziae sp. nov. is described, and is recovered in a polytomic lineage, including A. grandis and A. latus. These species share a solid combination of features that enable them to be separated from the other Adustonotus species (e.g., large size, the humeral angles spatulate and exceptionally produced, and the capsula seminalis shortened). Illustrations of external and internal genitalia, and a distributional map are provided. 

scholarly journals An early bothremydid (Testudines, Pleurodira) from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Utah, North America

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Joyce ◽  
Tyler R. Lyson ◽  
James I. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Depositional Settings ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Early Late

BackgroundBothremydidae is a clade of extinct pleurodiran turtles known from the Cretaceous to Paleogene of Africa, Europe, India, Madagascar, and North and South America. The group is most diverse during the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene of Africa. Little is known, however, about the early evolution of the group.MethodsWe here figure and describe a fossil turtle from early Late Cretaceous deposits exposed at MacFarlane Mine in Cedar Canyon, southwestern Utah, USA. The sediments associated with the new turtle are utilized to infer its stratigraphic provenience and the depositional settings in which it was deposited. The fossil is compared to previously described fossil pleurodires, integrated into a modified phylogenetic analysis of pelomedusoid turtles, and the biogeography of bothremydid turtles is reassessed. In light of the novel phylogenetic hypotheses, six previously established taxon names are converted to phylogenetically defined clade names to aid communication.ResultsThe new fossil turtle can be inferred with confidence to have originated from a brackish water facies within the late Cenomanian Culver Coal Zone of the Naturita Formation. The fossil can be distinguished from all other previously described pleurodires and is therefore designated as a new taxon,Paiutemys tibertgen. et. sp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis places the new taxon as sister to the EuropeanPolysternon provinciale,Foxemys trabantiandFoxemys mechinorumat the base of Bothremydinae. Biogeographic analysis suggests that bothremydids originated as continental turtles in Gondwana, but that bothremydines adapted to near-shore marine conditions and therefore should be seen as having a circum-Atlantic distribution.

Ichthyosaurs from the Upper Triassic (Carnian–Norian) of the New Siberian Islands, Russian Arctic, and their implications for the evolution of the ichthyosaurian basicranium and vertebral column

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Nikolay G. ZVERKOV ◽  
Dmitry V. GRIGORIEV ◽  
Andrzej S. WOLNIEWICZ ◽  
Alexey G. KONSTANTINOV ◽  
Evgeny S. SOBOLEV
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
New Siberian Islands ◽  
Group Relationships

ABSTRACT The first ichthyosaurian specimens discovered from the Upper Triassic of the Russian Arctic (Kotelny Island, New Siberian Islands) are described herein. They include the remains of large- to small-bodied ichthyosaurians originating from six stratigraphic levels spanning the lower Carnian to middle Norian. The material is mostly represented by isolated vertebrae and ribs, which are not possible to accurately diagnose, but also includes specimens comprising associated vertebrae and a fragmentary skeleton that preserves cranial remains (parabasisphenoid, fragmentary quadrate, partial mandible and hyoids). Based on vertebral and rib morphology, we identify the specimens as representatives of the following taxonomic groups: large-bodied shastasaurids, medium-sized indeterminate ichthyosaurians with a single rib facet in the presacral centra, and small euichthyosaurians with double rib facets present throughout the presacral vertebrae that likely represent toretocnemids and/or basal parvipelvians. In addition, the cranial and mandibular remains preserved in one of the specimens, ZIN PH 5/250, were studied using micro-computed tomography. Its mandible is highly similar to that of toretocnemids, whereas the parabasisphenoid demonstrates a peculiar combination of both plesiomorphic and derived character states, providing the first detailed data on this cranial element in a Late Triassic ichthyosaurian. Furthermore, the specimen also demonstrates a distinctive condition of rib articulation in the anteriormost presacral (cervical) vertebrae, which together with other features allows for the erection of a new taxon – Auroroborealia incognita gen. et sp. nov. Although the phylogenetic position of this taxon is uncertain due to its fragmentary nature, its anatomy, indicating toretocnemid or parvipelvian affinities, further supports the previously hypothesised sister-group relationships between these two clades. The morphology of the parabasisphenoid and vertebral column of the new taxon is discussed in broader contexts of the patterns of evolution of these skeletal regions in ichthyosaurs.

scholarly journals First nearly complete skull of Gallotia auaritae (lower-middle Pleistocene, Squamata, Gallotiinae) and a morphological phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gallotia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penélope Cruzado-Caballero ◽  
Carolina Castillo Ruiz ◽  
Arnau Bolet ◽  
Juan Ramón Colmenero ◽  
Julio De la Nuez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cranial Morphology ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Cranial Osteology ◽  
First Time

Abstract The Canary Islands are an Atlantic archipelago known for its high number of endemic species. Among the most known endemic vertebrate species are the giant lizards of the genus Gallotia. We describe the cranial osteology of the first almost complete and articulated fossil skull of the taxon Gallotia auaritae, recovered from the lower-middle Pleistocene of the La Palma island. In this work, X-ray computed microtomography images were used to perform an exhaustive phylogenetic analysis where most of the extant and fossil species of the genus Gallotia were included for first time. This analysis recovered a monophyletic Gallotia clade with similar topology to that of molecular analyses. The newly described specimen shares some characters with the group formed by G. bravoana, G. intermedia and G. simonyi, G. auaritae, and its position is compatible with a referral to the latter. Our study adds new important data to the poorly known cranial morphology of G. auaritae, and the phylogenetic analysis reveals an unexpected power of resolution to obtain a morphology-based phylogeny for the genus Gallotia, for inferring the phylogenetic position of extinct species and for helping in the identification of fossil specimens.

The sorediate variety of Sclerophytomyces circumscriptus

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurens B. SPARRIUS ◽  
Peter W. JAMES ◽  
M. Ann ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Acid Rock ◽  
Distribution And Ecology

The sorediate variety of Sclerophytomyces circumscriptus (Taylor) Sparrius & P. James (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) is described from sheltered, acid rock along Europe's western coasts and the Atlantic islands. This sorediate taxon is reported from the British Isles, Ireland, France, Spain, Portugal, the Azores and the Canary Islands. A description of the morphology, distribution and ecology is provided. The phylogenetic position of the new taxon is discussed, as well as nomenclatural and orthographic issues. The name Sclerophytomyces is proposed as an orthographic correction of the published name Sclerophytonomyces.

A new Crocus L. (Iridaceae) species from SE Turkey, based on morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Erol ◽  
Doerte Harpke ◽  
Hasan Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Full Description ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Se Turkey

Crocus musagecitii is described as a new species. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description and detailed illustrations are provided on the basis of the type specimen and wild specimens. Morphologically, C. musagecitii is close to Crocus biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena. Crocus musagecitii differs from C. biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena by the lack of stripes or narrow purplish tongue on outside of outer tepals, wider tepals, and homogenously yellow anthers. In order to clarify the phylogenetic position of this species within the Crocus adamii species complex, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS: ITS1 + 5.8SrDNA + ITS2) and 5’ external transcribed spacer (ETS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). A phylogenetic tree obtained by Bayesian phylogenetic inference is given. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new taxon is close to C. munzurensis. Crocus musagecitii differs from its phylogenetically closest relative C. munzurensis by the corm tunics (C. musagecitii: coriaceus; C. munzurensis: membranous), the number of leaves (C. musagecitii: up to 8; C. munzurensis: up to 4) and non-hairy leaf margins.

scholarly journals A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2403 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
XING XU ◽  
JONAH N. CHOINIERE ◽  
MICHAEL PITTMAN ◽  
QINGWEI TAN ◽  
DONG XIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Salient Features

We describe a new dromaeosaurid theropod from the Upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia. The new taxon, Linheraptor exquisitus gen. et sp. nov., is based on an exceptionally well-preserved, nearly complete skeleton. This specimen represents the fifth dromaeosaurid taxon recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation and its laterally equivalent strata, which include the Wulansuhai Formation, and adds to the known diversity of Late Cretaceous dromaeosaurids. Linheraptor exquisitus closely resembles the recently reported Tsaagan mangas. Uniquely among dromaeosaurids, the two taxa share a large, anteriorly located maxillary fenestra and a contact between the jugal and the squamosal that excludes the postorbital from the infratemporal fenestra. These features suggest a sister-taxon relationship between L. exquisitus and T. mangas, which indicates the presence of a unique dromaeosaurid lineage in the Late Cretaceous of Asia. A number of cranial and dental features seen in L. exquisitus and T. mangas, and particularly some postcranial features of L. exquisitus, suggest that these two taxa are probably intermediate in systematic position between known basal and derived dromaeosaurids. The discovery of Linheraptor exquisitus is thus important for understanding the evolution of some salient features seen in the derived dromaeosaurids.

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