scholarly journals Food security impacts of industrial crop production in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the impact mechanisms

Food Security ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Pawel Jarzebski ◽  
Abubakari Ahmed ◽  
Yaw Agyeman Boafo ◽  
Boubacar Siddighi Balde ◽  
Linda Chinangwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Industrial Crop ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Climate Smart Agriculture as Final Goal: Use of Improved Cereals Varieties in Cinzana, Mali.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Kalifa TRAORE ◽  
Daouda SIDIBE ◽  
Harouna COULIBALY
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Farmer Organizations ◽  
Conservation Technology ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Smart Agriculture

Climate variability and change are recognized as the greatest challenge to crop production and food security in sub-Saharan Africa. This work assesses farmers’ perception on the contribution of improved varieties of sorghum and millet in the search for food security in Cinzana rural commune of Mali in the current context of climate change.The methodology was based on focus group surveys with both, the decentralized technical services, administrative and municipal authorities, NGOs, farmer organizations and producers but also farmer exchanges visits on improved varieties tested in farmer’s field.The result shows that climate change is described by the majority of farmers (87%) as decrease in rainfall amount and length of rainy seasons, high increases in temperature and high deforestation and water scarcity. Unpredictability of climate, (80%), drought (70%) and heavy rain (65%) occurrence were identified as major perception of farmers on risks in climate for crop production and soil degradation. After farmers’ study tour, 80% of the participants mentioned a better growth of plants and increase of soil moisture with the use of contour ridges tillage as a water conservation technology. Adapted cycle (55%) and higher yield (37%) of improved varieties were farmer’s main drivers for adoption of improved millet and sorghum varieties.The study revealed that local farmers have substantial knowledge on climate variabilities and risks and also are aware of some adaptation strategies. However, for wide scale adoption of effective strategies, capacity strengthening appeared a prerequisite.

scholarly journals The impact of antenatal care on neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e0222566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfalidet Tekelab ◽  
Catherine Chojenta ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
Deborah Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Estimating the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on childhood pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuemeka Onwuchekwa ◽  
Edem Bassey ◽  
Victor Williams ◽  
Emmanuel Oga
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Childhood Pneumonia ◽  
Vaccine Impact ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in reducing the incidence of childhood pneumonia has not been well documented in sub-Saharan Africa. Many studies evaluating vaccine impact have used invasive pneumococcal disease or pneumococcal pneumonia as an outcome.ObjectiveTo estimate the impact of routine administration of 10-valent and 13-valent PCV on the incidence of pneumonia in children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa.Data sourcesA systematic review was conducted between 16 and 31 July 2019. The review was registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42019142369. The literature search was conducted in indexed databases including Medline and Embase, grey literature databases and online libraries of two universities. Manual search of the references of included studies was performed to identify additional relevant studies. The search strategy combined pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, pneumonia and child as search concepts.Study selectionStudies investigating the impact of 10- or13-valent PCV on childhood pneumonia in a sub-Saharan African country were eligible for inclusion. Case-control, cohort, pre-post and time-series study designs were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were use of 7- or 9-valent PCV, systematic review studies, clinical trials and record publication prior to 2009.Data extractionIndependent data extraction was conducted. Key variables include year study conducted, type of study design, type of PCV used and year of introduction, reported PCV coverage, outcome measure evaluated and the effect measure.Data synthesisEight records were included in the final analysis, 6 records were pre-post or time-series studies, 1 was a case-control study and 1 report combined pre-post and case-control studies. Vaccine impact measured as percentage reduction in risk (%RR) of clinical pneumonia was mostly small and non-significant. The risk reduction was more significant and consistent on radiological and pneumococcal pneumonia. Vaccine effectiveness reported in case-control studies was mostly non-significant.ConclusionEvidence of the positive impact of routine infant pneumococcal vaccination on pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa is weak. There is a need for more research in this area to evaluate the influence of pathogen or serotype replacement in pneumonia after PCV introduction. Ongoing surveillance is also required to establish the long term trend in pneumonia epidemiology after PCV introduction.

scholarly journals The Role of Community Health Workers in Oral Health Promotion and the Impact of their services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Azhar Khan ◽  
Bernard Ojiambo Okeah ◽  
Etheldreda Leinyuy Mbivnjo ◽  
Ephraim Kisangala ◽  
Aaron W Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
General Physical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Physical Health

Oral ailments are largely preventable but remain a significant public health concern afflicting nearly half the global population. These conditions account for 220 years of life lost per 100,000 people and about US$500 billion in health-related expenditures. Sub-Saharan Africa bears a significant burden of oral health problems thus exerting additional pressure on the scarce human resources for health. Community healthcare workers (CHWs) could be potentially utilised to bridge the shortage of oral health professionals in sub-Saharan Africa, hence, this systematic review that seeks to explore their current roles in oral health and potential impact on general physical health. This review follows the PRISMA guidelines and databases searched include PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, and CINAHL published between January 2010 and December 2019. Nine studies met the study eligibility criteria. This review established that CHWs perform variable roles cutting across primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention including providing oral hygiene education, recognising common pathologies, and treating oral lesions, administration of tooth extractions, dental pain management, and referral for advanced care. Although this could potentially improve oral health, our review did not establish the extent of the specific impact on general physical health of patients and the burden of oral condition.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: Perspective from Panel Data Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Raïfatou Affoh ◽  
Haixia Zheng ◽  
Kokou Dangui ◽  
Badoubatoba Mathieu Dissani
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the relationship between climate variables such as rainfall amount, temperature, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and the triple dimension of food security (availability, accessibility, and utilization) in a panel of 25 sub-Saharan African countries from 1985 to 2018. After testing for cross-sectional dependence, unit root and cointegration, the study estimated the pool mean group (PMG) panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). The empirical outcome revealed that rainfall had a significantly positive effect on food availability, accessibility, and utilization in the long run. In contrast, temperature was harmful to food availability and accessibility and had no impact on food utilization. Lastly, CO2 emission positively impacted food availability and accessibility but did not affect food utilization. The study took a step further by integrating some additional variables and performed the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) regression to ensure the robustness of the preceding PMG results. The control variables yielded meaningful results in most cases, so did the FMOLS and DOLS regression. The Granger causality test was conducted to determine the causal link, if any, among the variables. There was evidence of a short-run causal relationship between food availability and CO2 emission. Food accessibility exhibited a causal association with temperature, whereas food utilization was strongly connected with temperature. CO2 emission was linked to rainfall. Lastly, a bidirectional causal link was found between rainfall and temperature. Recommendations to the national, sub-regional, and regional policymakers are addressed and discussed.

scholarly journals The Impact of the World Health Organization Essential Newborn Package on Newborn Care Practices and Survival Rates in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Andy Emmanuel ◽  
Victoria Kain ◽  
Elizabeth Forster
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Essential Newborn Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Sub-Saharan Africa, has the highest child mortality rate in the world (World Health Organization [WHO], 2016). However, there is a paucity of current systematic reviews on the impact of essential newborn care interventions in Africa. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence about the impact of essential newborn care interventions in Africa. Numerous databases were searched to retrieve articles that reported interventions in newborn care in Africa. The search was limited to the English language and to articles published between 2007 and 2017. Nine articles were selected for inclusion in this systematic review. Overall, these papers demonstrated an increase in performance of health workers (between 8 and 400%) following a test of knowledge, while health workers practical performance increased by 34%. Moreover, neonatal mortality was reduced by 45%, while perinatal mortality was reduced by 30%. Training healthcare workers is one of the most effective ways of improving newborn care and neonatal survival in Africa. However, there is a need for additional evidence to support this, because none of the reviewed studies assessed the impact of training by examining variables such as trainees' satisfaction with training, the knowledge and skills developed, and the health outcomes achieved.

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