scholarly journals Broken promises: a rights-based analysis of marginalised livelihoods and experiences of food insecurity in large-scale land investments in Tanzania

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atenchong Talleh Nkobou ◽  
Andrew Ainslie ◽  
Stefanie Lemke
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Critical Requirement ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
The Right ◽  
Livelihoods Framework

AbstractProponents of large-scale land investments (LSLI) still promote them as a development opportunity, which can lead, among other benefits, to job creation and enhanced food security for local communities. However, there is increasing evidence that these investments often deprive affected communities of their access to land, with multiple negative impacts on livelihoods, food security and on the environment. This paper relies on empirical data to present an analysis of LSLI and food (in)security – crucially at the level of individuals in two villages in the Ruvuma region, Tanzania, over 10 years after the acquisition of village land within the Southern African Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT). We introduce an innovative framework that permits an integration of a rights-based approach with the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to explore smallholders’ livelihoods and experiences of food insecurity. Our paper demonstrates how this integration, along with attention we have given to the FAO’s PANTHER principles, adds the missing yet crucial dimension of accountability on the part of national governments as duty bearers. Our findings show that in the case of these two villages, the human rights principles of participation, accountability, transparency and empowerment are severely undermined, with women bearing the brunt in all these domains. This overall state of affairs is, we argue, due to inadequate monitoring and evaluation of LSLI processes themselves and low levels of commitment on the part of institutions in Tanzania to monitor the promises made by investors. This in turn demonstrates an accountability deficit on the part of duty-bearers within LSLIs, and limited capacity of affected community members to claim their rights. Individual food insecurity experience in the two communities correlates, among other characteristics, with lack of land ownership, employment and income-generating activities. The rights-based livelihoods framework applied in this study points to serious deficiencies in the LSLI model as presently endorsed in SAGCOT, and emphasises the fact that access to land in Tanzania is a precondition for the realisation of the right to adequate food and thus a critical requirement for achieving and maintaining food and nutrition security. We conclude by arguing that progressive coalitions within and beyond national states must devise policies and institutions that empower individuals and civil society actors to make demands on their governments to respect, protect and fulfil their obligations regarding the legally enforceable right to food.

scholarly journals Bringing home the right to food in Canada: challenges and possibilities for achieving food security

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Rideout ◽  
Graham Riches ◽  
Aleck Ostry ◽  
Don Buckingham ◽  
Rod MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Right To Food ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
The Right ◽  
Social Safety Nets

AbstractWe offer a critique of Canada's approach to domestic food security with respect to international agreements, justiciability and case law, the breakdown of the public safety net, the institutionalisation of charitable approaches to food insecurity, and the need for ‘joined-up’ food and nutrition policies. We examined Canada's commitments to the right to food, as well as Canadian policies, case law and social trends, in order to assess Canada's performance with respect to the human right to food. We found that while Canada has been a leader in signing international human rights agreements, including those relating to the right to food, domestic action has lagged and food insecurity increased. We provide recommendations for policy changes that could deal with complex issues of state accountability, social safety nets and vulnerable populations, and joined-up policy frameworks that could help realise the right to adequate food in Canada and other developed nations.

scholarly journals Large scale land investments and food security in agropastoral areas of Ethiopia

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adugna Eneyew Bekele ◽  
Liesbeth Dries ◽  
Wim Heijman ◽  
Dusan Drabik
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
Household Food Consumption ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIn Ethiopia, large scale land investments have been expanding into pastoral regions. However, little is known about the consequences of these investments on the food security of the pastoral community. Using Living Standard Measurement Survey data of the World Bank, we find that, on average, about 32% of the respondents from the (agro-)pastoral regions are food insecure. After controlling for confounders, proximity to large scale land investments is associated with additional food intake of up to 745 kcal per day per adult compared to the households located farther away from a large scale land investment. Proximity to large scale land investment has no significant effect on the coping strategies based food security. For households located in proximity to a large scale land investment, food intake significantly increases with access to roads and markets. Proximity to a large scale land investment has a positive effect on household food consumption not necessarily because of direct benefits from large scale land investments, but due to land and soil quality near the large scale land investments.

Part II Predominant Security Challenges and International Law, Economic and Resource Security, Ch.27 Food Security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elver Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Right To Food ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Fundamental Rights And Freedoms ◽  
The Right

This chapter focuses on food security. Although ‘food security’ is not a legal concept and does not impose rights or responsibilities, it is a necessary precondition to the full enjoyment of the right to food. The right to food is enshrined in article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as an integral part of the right to an adequate standard of living. As this right is indivisible, interrelated, and interdependent with all other fundamental rights and freedoms, it is ultimately essential for a secure, safe, and harmonious world. The chapter demonstrates that severe food insecurity continues to inflict massive casualties and create and prolong conflicts and emergencies despite well-established rules of international law, international humanitarian law, and international human rights law. It then looks at the international law principles protecting food security with the aim to diffuse emergency situations that create instability, inequality, and unrest, including those resulting from conflicts and natural disasters. The chapter provides suggestions for enforcing and enhancing existing laws and for the adoption of a new international convention which will set out clear duties and obligations for States and non-State actors with a view to eliminating food insecurity and preventing violations of the right to food for a safer, more secure world.

scholarly journals Globally Securing Food in an Insecure World – Opportunities and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Food

This paper looks into the necessity of a global governance system for food security from a "humane" side, with a focus on countries and MNCs. It also explores potential mechanisms to drive MNCs involvement in the global governance of food security into a more inclusive path. Furthermore, the paper explores a more sustainable side to globally governing food security. All in all, this paper calls for the reshaping of a global governance system that better matches the root causes of food insecurity, rather than tries to solve hunger with food aid and provision. The solution starts with asking the right questions. The global governance system should adopt a sole human rights framework while addressing food insecurity. It should acknowledge that questions such as “for whose benefit?” is just as important as “how to produce more?”. Although effective, International Governmental Organizations should further consider how global rules affect different people, who will bear the risks, who will get the benefits from changes, who remain disempowered, and whose ability to control is neglected or enhanced. Global food policy should not just be feeding people, but rather feeding them equitably, appropriately, and sustainably. This brings about a new global food regime that’s integrative of the human right to food.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity Among International Post-Secondary Students Studying on a Canadian Campus: A Qualitative Description Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Mahitab Hanbazaza ◽  
Maryam Kebbe ◽  
Arnaldo Perez ◽  
Geoff Ball ◽  
Anna P. Farmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Post Secondary Students

Enrollment of international post-secondary students is increasing across Canadian campuses. International post-secondary students may experience challenges in accessing nutritious foods that meet their dietary needs and food preferences. These challenges can pose negative impacts on their health, well-being, and academic achievement. Our aim was to describe international post-secondary students’ perceptions of (1) challenges to attaining food security and (2) consequences of food insecurity on the university experience. We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 11 international post-secondary students who had food insecurity, were enrolled at a public university in Canada, and who had requested emergency foodhampers from the on-campus food bank. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using manifest, inductive content analysis. International post-secondary students reported several logistical issues related to obtaining sufficient food, including a lack of time, limited family support, modest food preparation skills, and low knowledge about supportive services and resources. Students also faced challenges in sourcing culturally appropriate foods, including issues related to food availability, accessibility, acceptability, and affordability. Further, they perceived food insecurity to negatively influence their academic performance through compromised concentration, reduced class and exam attendance, and adverse mpactson physical, mental, and social well-being. Some students reported extreme food deprivation, resulting in hunger. Our results revealed the negative impacts that food insecurity can have on international post-secondary students. Findings underscore the imperative to minimize the occurrence of food insecurity while studying in Canada by introducing and enhancing support systems on campus and in the community to enable food security.

scholarly journals An Analysis of New Zealand’s Role in Food Insecurity in Fiji

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Laura Barrett
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Right To Food ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Imported Foods ◽  
The Right

<p>Access to adequate food is a human right. Despite this, globally around three billion people lack access to food sufficient to allow them to live free from hunger and malnutrition. In the Pacific, despite millennia of positive nutrition, they now have some the highest rates of diabetes and obesity in the world, and 75 percent of their population are dying prematurely from non-communicable diseases (NCD’s). One of the main risk factors for NCD’s is an unhealthy diet. A key finding coming out of the Pacific Food Summit in 2010 was that imported foods represent a threat to Pacific food security. New Zealand is a key trader with the Pacific. It has also come under criticism in recent years over its trade of poor quality meat to the Pacific, which it has been argued is contributing to poor health outcomes there. This research seeks to look deeper into the relationship between New Zealand trade and Pacific food insecurity, using Fiji as a case study. A key foundation for this research is the ‘right to food’. The right to adequate food is a fundamental right of all human beings. This is established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and subsequent treaties, to which all signatory countries are bound. Recently, this right is being discussed in an extraterritorial context, meaning states have obligations not only to those within their territory, but across the globe. This places obligations on states to both respect the right to food of citizens globally, and also to protect them against actions taken by those within their territory which would undermine this right. It is against this backdrop, utilising interviews, data and policy analysis, that the trade relationship between New Zealand and Fiji is analysed.</p>

scholarly journals Association of Food Insecurity and Lack of Social Support in a Cohort of Inner-city Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients (P04-065-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Leventer ◽  
Clara Wilson ◽  
Jonathan Leong ◽  
Matthew Moy ◽  
Jessamine Fazli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objectives We examined the association between social determinants including food insecurity and social support in a minority, ethnic population with CKD. Methods A face-to-face survey was conducted in patients from an inner-city CKD (37), dialysis (23) and transplant clinic (31), including questionnaires to assess social support (MOS survey, scored 1–5, with 1 being poor support), perceived stress (PSS), and food security using the short form food security scale, with a score of 1–4 (very low to adequate). Patients were divided into adequate food security (score of 4) and inadequate food security (score of <4). Nutrition Literacy was assessed via the Newest Vital Signs toolkit (6 questions relating to a standardized food label). There were no differences in response among the clinics so they were analyzed together. Results There were 39 (43%) men and 52 (57%) women with 75 black, 3 white, 3 Hispanic and 11 other. Mean age was 62.6 ± 14.0). 59 (54%) patients were foreign-born(mean time in the US 35.4 ± 16.2 yrs). 45% (36) had history of diabetes, and 84% (74) history of hypertension. Mean BMI was 29.5 ± 6.7. 30 pts (17.6%) scored <4 on the food security scale (FINS). There was no difference between food secure (FS) and FINS as regards age, place of birth, sex, marital status, prevalence of diabetes or hypertension, number of people in the household or SNAP participation. FINS were more likely to report income <$40 K/year (100% vs 62%, P < 0.001), with 83% reporting income <$20 K. They also had lower nutritional literacy (1.35 ± 1.7 vs 2.3 ± 1.8, P = 0.037), greater perceived stress (PSS 12.1 ± 5.7 vs 7.93 ± 7.2, P = 0.01), less social support, both tangible (people to help drive to appointments, prepare meals or do chores) score 3.43 ± 1.41 vs. 4.33 ± 1.0, P = 0.003, and emotional (someone to talk to, to give advice, that you trust, who understands your problems) score 3.55 ± 1.19 vs 4.23 ± 0.96, P = 0.02. Conclusions In our population: 1. Patients with inadequate food security were more likely to report extreme poverty and had lower nutritional literacy. 2. Patients with inadequate food security were more likely to report inadequate social support, both emotionally and tangibly, and greater perceived stress. 3. In this population with a high disease burden, the combination of food insecurity, perceived stress and poor social support may affect long-term outcome and should be investigated further. Funding Sources none.

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