scholarly journals Effect of Exhausted Olive Cake Contamination on Fly and Bottom Ash in Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Pazo ◽  
Magín Lapuerta ◽  
Anselmo Acosta ◽  
Juan J. Hernández ◽  
Esperanza Monedero
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Olive Cake ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Al Content ◽  
The One ◽  
High Al Content

AbstractWith the aim to prevent possible power plant malfunction due to the feedstock properties and suggest possible ash applications, feedstock samples and bottom and fly ash samples collected along more than a year in a 16 MW suspension-fired boiler power plant, fed mainly with pulverized exhausted olive cake (orujillo), were studied. A detailed characterization of fly and bottom ash has been done, as well as a seasonal evolution study. Altogether in order to find any trend on the ash composition changes and to study the relationship between ash (both fly and bottom fractions) and, on the one hand, the feedstock composition, and on the other hand, the troublesome deposit formation. A relationship between deposit growth and higher Cl and Na content in the feedstock has been noticed, showing the need for some control on these feedstock’s components. The high Cl and Na content is attributed to external contamination. Furthermore, the high Al content in the feedstock and the strong relationship between Al, Fe and Si (indicating a common origin) suggest some biomass soil contamination. However, no relationship was observed between troublesome deposit formation and the hypothesized biomass soil contamination. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Effect Of Exhausted Olive Cake Contamination On Fly And Bottom Ash In Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Pazo ◽  
Magín Lapuerta ◽  
Anselmo Acosta ◽  
Juan J. Hernández ◽  
Esperanza Monedero
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Olive Cake ◽  
Deposit Formation ◽  
Al Content ◽  
The One ◽  
High Al Content

Abstract With the aim to prevent possible power plant malfunction due to the feedstock properties and suggest possible ash applications, feedstock samples and bottom and fly ash samples collected along more than a year in a 16 MW suspension-fired boiler power plant, fed mainly with pulverized exhausted olive cake (orujillo), were studied. A detailed characterization of fly and bottom ash has been done, as well as a seasonal evolution study. Altogether in order to find any trend on the ash composition changes and to study the relationship between ash (both fly and bottom fractions) and, on the one hand, the feedstock composition, and on the other hand, the troublesome deposit formation. A relationship between deposit growth and higher Cl and Na content in the feedstock has been noticed, showing the need for some control on these feedstock’s components. The high Cl and Na content is attributed to external contamination. Furthermore, the high Al content in the feedstock and the strong relationship between Al, Fe and Si (indicating a common origin) suggest some biomass soil contamination. However, no relationship was observed between troublesome deposit formation and the hypothesized biomass soil contamination.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA (BOTTOM ASH) PADA PLTU SURALAYA SEBAGAI MEDIA TANAM DALAM UPAYA MENGURANGI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN

Kilat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Mixed Medium ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Coal Ashes

This research on the utilization of coal-ash that is wasted at the coal-fired power plant is conducted with the intention to become an effort to alleviate environmental impact of the power plant. The by-production of such waste in coal-fired power plants is a direct consequence of the rising demand on electricity as one of human basic needs in modern lifestyle. Endeavor to save the environment is a manifestation of the good culture of environmental awareness; indeed, human being shall act responsibly for the soundness of the environment. Some sufficient amounts in different composition of coal bottom-ash from a coal-fired power plant mixed with another medium were implemented toward a variety of plants, i.e. a certain type of Orchid (“Moon” Orchid or Phalaenopsis amabilis), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) , and Sansevieria. A series of mixed medium with different composition (each particular composition is in triplicate), is prepared consisting of 0%, 25%, 50%. 75%, and 100% of Bottom Ash, consecutively. The observed result shows that Bottom Ash is not suitable for the orchid plant as its medium. This more probably results from the fact that the pH of Bottom Ash tends to be more alkaline, while the Orchid plant would only be growing optimally in acidic - normal condition. In the case of Tomato plant, Bottom Ash is usable to be the plant growing medium; in fact an increase of Bottom Ash percentage expedites the plant growth from its seed to become small plants. Another plant under observation is Sansivieria. Bottom Ash turns out to be suitable as a medium for this plant. In fact, this type of plant remains growing steadily and normally in media with variable percentage of Bottom Ash, all along the research procedure. Bottom Ash contains some nutrient that are beneficial to plants, such as Boron (B), Phosphorus (P) and among other elements are Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo dan Se. Most of coal-ashes tend to be alkaline with pH ranging from 8 to12.

scholarly journals Maintenance Strategy Optimization of a Coal-Fired Power Plant Cooling Tower through Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H.A. Melani ◽  
Carlos A. Murad ◽  
Adherbal Caminada Netto ◽  
Gilberto F.M. Souza ◽  
Silvio I. Nabeta
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Stochastic Petri Nets ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Power Plant Cooling

Determining the ideal size of maintenance staff is a daunting task, especially in the operation of large and complex mechanical systems such as thermal power plants. On the one hand, a significant investment in maintenance is necessary to maintain the availability of the system. On the other hand, it can significantly affect the profit of the plant. Several mathematical modeling techniques have been used in many different ways to predict and improve the availability and reliability of such systems. This work uses a modeling tool called generalized stochastic Petri net (GSPN) in a new way, aiming to determine the effect that the number of maintenance teams has on the availability and performance of a coal-fired power plant cooling tower. The results obtained through the model are confronted with a thermodynamic analysis of the cooling tower that shows the influence of this system’s performance on the efficiency of the power plant. Thus, it is possible to determine the optimal size of the repair team in order to maximize the plant’s performance with the least possible investment in maintenance personnel.

scholarly journals Potential usage of fly and bottom ash from thermal power plant ”Nikola Tesla” landfill, Serbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Zivotic ◽  
Dragoslava Stojiljkovic ◽  
Aleksandar Jovovic ◽  
Vladica Cudic
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Waste Discharge ◽  
Nikola Tesla ◽  
Cement Mixture

In Serbia, the ash from power plants has long been labelled as hazardous waste. With the adoption of the appropriate legislation this ash became secondary raw material with the potential usage. In this paper an analysis of the fly and bottom ash composition, which are disposed of in the power plant ?Nikola Tesla A? landfill, is presented. Thirty samples, divided into three sets, were analyzed for trace elements As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn. The first and second set of samples were taken at the depth of 0.0-0.6 m, from cassette III, at the place of waste discharge (set I) and in the centre of the cassette (set II).The third set of samples was taken from the same cassette spot but at the different depth. The estimated variations in quality within individual sets, as well as the comparison between sets I and II, were done. The repeatability of results by the depth of cassette (set III) was also analyzed. The mixture consisting of 79.4% limestone, 17% clay, 0.5% sand, 0.55% iron ore, 0.55% from steel mill waste and 2% ash from the thermal power plant "Nikola Tesla A" was adopted as the reputable mixture for cement making. For concrete making, the same cement mixture was used but with 2.1% of the same ash material added. The results showed possibility of further fly and bottom ash use as the cement and concrete material.

scholarly journals Compaction Characteristics of Swelling Soil Stabilized with Bottom Ash and Geogrid

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
C. Rajakumar ◽  
P. Kodanda Rama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Swelling Soil ◽  
Grade Material ◽  
The One ◽  
Stated Problem

This paper brings out the results of experimental work carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the effectiveness of using bottom ash with geogrid for soil stabilization by studying the compaction and strength characteristics for use as a sub-grade material. Bottom ash is a waste material which is obtained from thermal power plants. This waste imposes hazardous effect on environment and human health. This material cannot be disposed of properly and their disposal is not economical. Utilization by exploiting their inherent properties is the one of the way to solve the above stated problem. The effect of mixing different proportions of bottom ash with geogrid in clayey soil on compaction, UCS and California bearing ratio have been studied in this study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of radionuclide contamination of soil, coal ash and zeolitic materials from Figueira Thermoelectric Power Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Alves Fungaro ◽  
Denise Alves Fungaro ◽  
Paulo Sergio Silva ◽  
Felipe Campello ◽  
Caio Silva Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermoelectric Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Thermoelectric Power Plant

Neutron activation analysis and gamma-ray spectrometry was used to determine 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, 232Th and 40K contents in feed pulverized coal, bottom ash, fly ash from cyclone and baghouse filters, zeolites synthesized from the ashes and two different soil samples. All the samples used in the study was collected at Figueira thermoelectric power plant, located in the city of Figueira, Paraná State, which coal presents a significant amount of uranium concentration. The natural radionuclide concentrations in pulverized coal were 4216 Bq kg–1 for 238U, 180 Bq kg–1 for 226Ra, 27 Bq kg–1 for 228Ra, 28 Bq kg–1 for 232Th and 192 Bq kg–1 for 40K.The ashes fraction presented concentrations ranging from 683.5 to 1479 Bq kg–1 for 238U, from 484 to 1086 Bq kg–1 for 226Ra, from 291 to 1891 Bq kg–1 for 210Pb, from 67 to 111 Bq kg–1for 228Ra, from 80 to 87 Bq kg–1 for 232Th and from 489 to 718 Bq kg–1 for 40K. Similar ranges were observed for zeolites. The activity concentration of 238U was higher than worldwide average concentration for all samples. The concentration of the uranium series found in the ashes were lower than the values observed in similar studies carried out 10 years ago and under the limit adopted by the Brazilian guideline (CNEN-NN-4.01). Nevertheless, the concentrations of this specific area are higher than others coal mines and thermoelectric power plants in and out of Brazil, so it is advisable to evaluate the environmental impact of the installation.

scholarly journals Bottom Ash of the Largest Kuzbass Coal Power Plants: Secondary Use Possibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Aleksey Kargin ◽  
Nikolay Mashkin
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coal Power Plant ◽  
Secondary Use ◽  
Coal Power Plants ◽  
Coal Power

Kemerovo district coal power plant, Tom-Usinskaya district coal power plant and Belovo district coal power plant are the largest coal power plants in Kuzbass and during the combustion of coal they generate annually about 1600 tons of coal ash which consists of fly ash and bottom ash. Almost all the generated ash is disposed into ash dumps except a small quantity of fly ash (3.5%) that is effectively utilized. Therefore, secondary use of the bottom ash can be a sustainable solution for reducing its by-products and overcoming the scarcity of raw materials required for construction work. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to determine the chemical composition and granulometric properties of bottom ash to find out the possibility of using it as raw material for the building materials production. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to determine basicity index, activity index, average grain density, bulk density, true density and grain size distribution. The experimental results reveal that the particle size of ash is predominantly sand-sized while containing some silt-sized and rubble-sized fractions as well. The studied bottom ash has a low basicity and activity index, respectively, does not have independent hydraulic activity. Thus, bottom ash of the largest Kuzbass coal power plants can be used as raw material for the building materials production.

scholarly journals Small Scale Hydroelectric Power Plants in Norway. Some Microeconomic and Environmental Considerations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Idsø
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Certainty Equivalent ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plants ◽  
The One

The development of small scale hydroelectric power plants in Norway is determined by natural conditions, policies, attitudes and property rights. The owner of the river is the central decision maker. It is he who decides whether he will develop the power plant himself, Whether he wants to enter into a contract with an external investor and let him develop the power plant, whether he will sell his property rights or postpone the decisions. All available choices will involve risk. In order for him to make the best choice he must find the certainty equivalent to each of the choices and choose the one with the highest certainty equivalent. This is the first time the utility theory of John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern has been applied to decision makers in the hydro power industry in Norway.

scholarly journals Slag and ash chemistry after high-calcium lignite combustion in a pulverized coal-fired power plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
High Calcium

More than 73% of the electrical power requirements of Greece are generated in lignite-fired power plants. Greece is the thirteenth largest coal and the fifth largest lignite producer in the world. The lack of domestic high-rank coals makes necessary to use low quality lignite for power generation in Greece. These lignites are characterized by a high water and ash content and a low calorific value. The low quality of such lignites generates important technical and environmental problems during combustion. Slagging and fouling are common inside the power units and affect with particular severity the power plants performance. Slagging deposits take place in the high temperature radiant sections of the boiler, and are usually associated with some degree of melting of the ash. Fouling deposits are produced in the lower temperature convective sections of the boiler, and are generally related to condensation on the low temperature tube surfaces. Problems in boilers associated with ash deposits include modification of the heat transfer in different sections of the furnace, physical distortion of metal pieces due to the weight of the deposit, clogging of burners, and corrosion and erosion of metal walls. Feed lignite always carries more than 20% of inorganic matter, and its mineralogy and chemistry are originally related to geological factors. Five representative samples were collected from the inner surfaces of Unit 1 of the Agios Dimitrios Power Plant, Northern Greece, reflecting the main types of ash deposits occurring in the combustion facility. The chemistry of these high-calcium ash deposits has been investigated. Moreover, a fly ash and a bottom ash samples were taken and analyzed in order to investigate their possible impact on the environment after land-filling. All samples were digested by using 2.5 ml HNO3, 5ml HF and 2.5 ml HClO4 (1:2:1). Sixty element concentrations were determined in all samples by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) and inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Calcium is the most abundant element in all samples due to the dominance of calcium phases. The chemical composition of the bottom ash, fly ash, slag and fouling deposits, is mainly influenced by the chemical composition of the feed lignite and the co-excavated sterile materials, which are marly limestones containing, on average, 93% of calcite.

Fuzzy multi-objective decision making approach for nuclear power plant installation

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6339-6350
Author(s):  
Esra Çakır ◽  
Ziya Ulukan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Multi Objective

Due to the increase in energy demand, many countries suffer from energy poverty because of insufficient and expensive energy supply. Plans to use alternative power like nuclear power for electricity generation are being revived among developing countries. Decisions for installation of power plants need to be based on careful assessment of future energy supply and demand, economic and financial implications and requirements for technology transfer. Since the problem involves many vague parameters, a fuzzy model should be an appropriate approach for dealing with this problem. This study develops a Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (FMOLP) model for solving the nuclear power plant installation problem in fuzzy environment. FMOLP approach is recommended for cases where the objective functions are imprecise and can only be stated within a certain threshold level. The proposed model attempts to minimize total duration time, total cost and maximize the total crash time of the installation project. By using FMOLP, the weighted additive technique can also be applied in order to transform the model into Fuzzy Multiple Weighted-Objective Linear Programming (FMWOLP) to control the objective values such that all decision makers target on each criterion can be met. The optimum solution with the achievement level for both of the models (FMOLP and FMWOLP) are compared with each other. FMWOLP results in better performance as the overall degree of satisfaction depends on the weight given to the objective functions. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed models to nuclear power plant installation problem.

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