scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA (BOTTOM ASH) PADA PLTU SURALAYA SEBAGAI MEDIA TANAM DALAM UPAYA MENGURANGI PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN

Kilat ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Mixed Medium ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Coal Ashes

This research on the utilization of coal-ash that is wasted at the coal-fired power plant is conducted with the intention to become an effort to alleviate environmental impact of the power plant. The by-production of such waste in coal-fired power plants is a direct consequence of the rising demand on electricity as one of human basic needs in modern lifestyle. Endeavor to save the environment is a manifestation of the good culture of environmental awareness; indeed, human being shall act responsibly for the soundness of the environment. Some sufficient amounts in different composition of coal bottom-ash from a coal-fired power plant mixed with another medium were implemented toward a variety of plants, i.e. a certain type of Orchid (“Moon” Orchid or Phalaenopsis amabilis), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) , and Sansevieria. A series of mixed medium with different composition (each particular composition is in triplicate), is prepared consisting of 0%, 25%, 50%. 75%, and 100% of Bottom Ash, consecutively. The observed result shows that Bottom Ash is not suitable for the orchid plant as its medium. This more probably results from the fact that the pH of Bottom Ash tends to be more alkaline, while the Orchid plant would only be growing optimally in acidic - normal condition. In the case of Tomato plant, Bottom Ash is usable to be the plant growing medium; in fact an increase of Bottom Ash percentage expedites the plant growth from its seed to become small plants. Another plant under observation is Sansivieria. Bottom Ash turns out to be suitable as a medium for this plant. In fact, this type of plant remains growing steadily and normally in media with variable percentage of Bottom Ash, all along the research procedure. Bottom Ash contains some nutrient that are beneficial to plants, such as Boron (B), Phosphorus (P) and among other elements are Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo dan Se. Most of coal-ashes tend to be alkaline with pH ranging from 8 to12.

Compressive Strength and Density of Cementless Unfired Lightweight Brick Utilizing Coal Ash from Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ezad Hafez Mohd Pahroraji ◽  
Hamidah Mohd Saman ◽  
Mohamad Nidzam Rahmat ◽  
Kartini Kamaruddin ◽  
Ahmad Faiz Abdul Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Blastfurnace Slag

Millions tons of coal ash which constitute of fly ash and bottom ash were produced annually throughout the world. They were significant to be developed as masonry brick to substitute the existing widely used traditional material such as clay and sand brick which were produced from depleting and dwindling natural resources. In the present study, the coal ash from coal-fired thermal power plant was used as the main raw material for the fabrication of cementless unfired lightweight brick. The binder comprising of Hydrated Lime (HL)-activated Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS) system at binding ratio 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 were used to stabilize the coal ash in the fabrication process of the brick. Foam was used to lightweight the brick. The compressive strength and ambient density were evaluated on the brick. The results indicated that the brick incorporating HL-GGBS system achieved higher strength of 20.84N/mm2 at 28 days compare to the HL system with strength of 13.98N/mm2 at 28 days. However, as the quantity of foam increase at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, the strength and density for the brick decreased.

scholarly journals Leaching Characteristics of Low Concentration Rare Earth Elements in Korean (Samcheok) CFBC Bottom Ash Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Tuan ◽  
Thriveni Thenepalli ◽  
Ramakrishna Chilakala ◽  
Hong Vu ◽  
Ji Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Mass Volume ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion

Coal-derived power comprises over 39% of the world’s power production. Therefore, a mass volume of coal combustion byproducts are generated and shifted the extra burden onto the economy and environment. Circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) has been found to be a clean and ultimate technology for Korea’s coal-fired power plants to have effective power generation from low-grade imported coal with reduced emissions. Efforts have been made to broaden the utilization of CFBC coal ash, and to promote sustainable development of CFBC technology. Investigations provided numerous evidences for coal ash to be a potential deposit for rare earths reclamation. However, the basic characteristics and the methods of rare earth mining from the CFBC bottom ash lack detailed understanding and are poorly reported. This study highlighted an insight of the CBFC bottom ash with respect to REEs concentration. Moreover, agents were tested as a means for leaching REEs from Samcheok CFBC bottom ash. The leaching tests were performed in relation to variations in concentration, time and temperature. The results were applied to identify suitable processes to leach REEs from the ash and clarify the potential valuation of CFBC bottom ash. The leaching conditions attained by ANOVA analysis for hydrochloric concentration, temperature, and time of 2 mol L−1, 80 °C, and 12 h, were found to provide a maximum extraction of yttrium, neodymium and dysprosium of 62.1%, 55.5% and 65.2%, respectively.

Studies on the Leaching and Weathering Processes of Coal Ashes

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 163-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hay Leim ◽  
Magnusöm Sandstr ◽  
Tom Wallin ◽  
Anders Carne ◽  
Ulla Rydevik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Metal Leaching ◽  
Magnetic Fraction ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
Coal Ashes

Within the Swedish project Coal-Health-Environment (Kol-Hälsa-Mi1jö) leaching studies were made on several types of coal ashes, fly ashes, bottom ashes and scrubber sludges. Studies were made on the effects of pH, pCl, pCO3. pEDTA and pSO4, in the leaching solution on the leaching of metals from coal ashes. As a model for the leaching system, we studied the leaching of Cr, Co, Ni, tu, Zn, Mo, Se, As, Cd and Pb. The leaching of the metals was found to increase with pH for pH less than 2 and pH greater than 9, and to decrease for 2 > pH > 6. The metal leaching behaviour may in part be explained by the mass-action law. We have also made long-term leaching tests of several coal ashes from Danish and Finnish Power Plants using leaching water of different pH. The dominating crystalline phases in the different coal ashes have been identified by X-ray diffraction technique. The major species in the different coal ashes were found to be mullite (3A12.2SiO2), α-quartz (Sio2) and the iron oxides magnetite and hematite. Leaching and X-ray studies were also made on the magnetic fraction of the fly ashes. Equilibrium analysis were made on the system Me-OH-Cl-CO32− - SO42−, where Me = Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Se, As, Cd and Pb, partly using the computer program HALTAFALL. A model for the metal leaching from a coal ash deposit will be discussed.

Mineralogy and Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Coal Ash from Yang Zonghai Power Plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 497-501
Author(s):  
Feng Rui Zhai ◽  
Zhong Zhou Yi ◽  
Qun Cai ◽  
Huan Bin Song ◽  
Li Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Coal Ashes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The modality, physical and chemical characteristics, mineralogy and distribution of particle size of coal ash were studied by modern analytic technology SEM, spectral analysis, X - ray Diffraction (XRD) and laser granularity analyzer. The test results show that the mineralogy of coal ashes is dominated mainly by mullite, quartz and hematite.The coal ash of Yang Zonghai power plant has lower content of calcium oxide and is low calcium ash.At the same time, the losing amount is low to burn.The particle diameter is small and mainly concentrates on the range of 1-40 m.

scholarly journals Leachability of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) Incorporated With Fly Ash and Bottom Ash by Using Static Leaching Procedure (SLT)

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1261-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan ◽  
Syed Khairul Hafizi bin Syed Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Aas Method ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Synthetic Acid

The growing demand for electricity resulted in the construction of many coal fired power plants. The increment of the consumption of coal by power plants lead up to production of coal ash. Coal ash contains a range of toxic elements that may have negative effects to human and environmental health. Fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) are the solid residues and mostly arise from coal combustion that being disposed in large quantities every year. The focus of the study is to determine the leachability of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) incorporated with FA and BA by using Static Leachate Test (SLT) method. In this study, FA and BA were collected from Kapar Energy Ventures Coal Power Plant in Selangor. The characteristics of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), FA and BA were determined by using X-Ray Fluorescent (XRF) technique. The different percentages of FA (replace cement) and BA (replace sand) which is 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% were incorporated respectively into SCC. Ten reactors were set up for the leachability test for each solid specimen by using SLT method. The concentrations of leachate samples were analyzed for selected heavy metals content by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method. After 40 days conducting the test, the concentrations of selected heavy metals (As, Mn, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, Fe and Pb) in the synthetic acid rain leachates from the SCC specimens were significantly lower than the limit specified by the USEPA and EPAV. Therefore, incorporating of FA and BA up to 30% into SCC is potentially feasible.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Coal Ashes from Two High-Sulfur Coal-Fired Power Plants in Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, China

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Weijiao Song
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Coal Combustion Products ◽  
Coal Ashes

The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the feed coals and coal combustion products (CCPs) from two power plants (Xilaifeng and Damo) that consume coals from the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, were investigated, using XRD, SEM–EDS, XRF, and ICP-MS. The feed coals from Xilaifeng and Damo are both of high ash yield (52.93% and 48.36%, respectively), and medium and high total sulfur content (2.22% and 3.32%, respectively). The minerals in the feed coals are primarily composed of kaolinite, quartz, illite, pyrite, and, to a lesser extent, gypsum and anatase. In addition to the elevated incompatible elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Th), Li and Hg are enriched in the feed coals from the Xilaifeng and Damo power plants, respectively. Rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) are more enriched in the feed coals from Xilaifeng (194 μg/g) than those of Damo (93.9 μg/g). The inorganic phases of CCPs from both power plants are mainly composed of amorphous phase, quartz, hematite, illite, and anhydrite. Compared with the feed coals, concentrations of most trace elements in the CCPs are elevated, and they are preferentially enriched in the fly ashes relative to the bottom ashes (*f/b > 1), especially F, As, Sr, Mo, Se, and Hg (*f/b > 2.5). Furthermore, most trace elements (Xilaifeng: excluding Li, Cr, Co, Ni, Rb, Nb and Cs; Damo: excluding Li, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Cs and Ba) are more enriched in the (fine) fly ashes relative to the laboratory high-temperature coal ashes (HTAs). The REY barely differentiate in either the fly ash or bottom ash from Xilaifeng. In contrast, the REY in the fine and coarse fly ashes from Damo have very similar H-type distribution patterns with negative Ce and slightly positive Y anomalies. Attention should be paid to the enriched toxic elements (including F, As and Hg) in the fly ashes from both power plants due to possible adverse environmental effect.

scholarly journals Technological Solutions for Recycling Ash Slag from the Cao Ngan Coal Power Plant in Vietnam

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thriveni Thenepalli ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc ◽  
Lai Tuan ◽  
Trinh Son ◽  
Ho Hieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Resource Saving

Annually, coal-fired power plants in Vietnam discharge hundreds of thousand tons of coal ash. Most of this ash goes into the environment without treatment or any plan for the efficient reuse of this precious resource. There are many reasons for this, such as poor quality of the ash, no suitable and feasible ash treatment technology, a lack of awareness about environmental pollution and resource saving, and inappropriate sanctions and policies. This study analyzed and summarized information and data pertaining to the current status of the production, discharge, and utilization of coal ash from the Cao Ngan Power Plant (CNPP) in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam. In addition, the potential for applying advanced emission reduction technologies in order to recycle coal ash for cement production, as well as geographical, socio-economic, and market factors were assessed. This paper reveals the results of a preliminary assessment of carbon-mineralization technologies which seek to achieve the following three goals: (1) effectively disposing of coal ash to protect the environment and local community, (2) contributing to the nationally determined effort to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions which cause climate change, and (3) making value-added products and bringing economic benefits to a sustainable society.

A review on fly ash from coal-fired power plants: chemical composition, regulations, and health evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Zierold ◽  
Chisom Odoh
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Surface Impoundments

AbstractThroughout the world, coal is responsible for generating approximately 38% of power. Coal ash, a waste product, generated from the combustion of coal, consists of fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue gas desulfurization material. Fly ash, which is the main component of coal ash, is composed of spherical particulate matter with diameters that range from 0.1 μm to >100 μm. Fly ash is predominately composed of silica, aluminum, iron, calcium, and oxygen, but the particles may also contain heavy metals such as arsenic and lead at trace levels. Most nations throughout the world do not consider fly ash a hazardous waste and therefore regulations on its disposal and storage are lacking. Fly ash that is not beneficially reused in products such as concrete is stored in landfills and surface impoundments. Fugitive dust emissions and leaching of metals into groundwater from landfills and surface impoundments may put people at risk for exposure. There are limited epidemiological studies regarding the health effects of fly ash exposure. In this article, the authors provide an overview of fly ash, its chemical composition, the regulations from nations generating the greatest amount of fly ash, and epidemiological evidence regarding the health impacts associated with exposure to fly ash.

scholarly journals Leaching characteristics of wastes from Kemerkoy (Mugla-Turkey) power plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Ash Disposal

A main problem related to coal ash disposal is the heavy metal content of the residue. In this regard, experimental results of numerous studies have indicated that toxic trace metals may leach when fly ash and bottom ash contacts with water. In this study, fly ash and bottom ash samples obtained from Kemerköy thermal power plant, located on the south-western coast of Turkey, were subjected to toxicity tests such as the extraction procedures (EP) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedures (TCLP) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), the so-called Method A extraction procedure of the American Society of Testing and Material (ASTM). When Pb and Cd concentrations, analysed according to EP and TCLP, were considered, Kemerköy fly and bottom ash can be classified as a hazardous waste under the principles of the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Based on the geochemical analyses carried out, it was also determined that several toxic trace elements, such as Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and Co were enriched at the fly and bottom ash of Kemerköy thermal power plant.

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