Assessment of Low Intensity Solar Radiation Susceptibility in 20 Wheat Varieties under Field Conditions Grown in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Mina ◽  
S.D. Singh ◽  
B. Singh ◽  
S. Tiwari ◽  
Deepak Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Low Intensity

scholarly journals Solar radiation use efficiency by soybean under field conditions in the Amazon region

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Jorge de Oliveira Ponte de Souza ◽  
Aristides Ribeiro ◽  
Edson José Paulino da Rocha ◽  
José Renato Bouça Farias ◽  
Renata Silva Loureiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of soybean (Glycine max) in intercepting and using solar radiation under natural field conditions, in the Amazon region, Brazil. The meteorological data and the values of soybean growth and leaf area were obtained from an agrometeorological experiment carried out in Paragominas, Pará state, during 2007 and 2008. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) was obtained from the ratio between the above-ground biomass production and the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) accumulated to 99 and 95 days after sowing, in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Climatic conditions during the experiment were very distinct, with reduction in rainfall in 2007, which began during the soybean mid-cycle, due to the El Niño phenomenon. An important reduction in the leaf area index and biomass production was observed during 2007. Under natural field conditions in the Amazon region, the values of RUE were 1.46 and 1.99 g MJ-1 PAR in the 2007 and 2008 experiments, respectively. The probable reason for the differences found between these years might be associated to the water restriction in 2007 coupled with the higher air temperature and vapor pressure deficit, and also to the increase in the fraction of diffuse radiation that reached the land surface in 2008.

Mycotoxin glucosylation in commercial wheat varieties: Impact on resistance to Fusarium graminearum under laboratory and field conditions

Food Control ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 756-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Audenaert ◽  
Marthe De Boevre ◽  
Adriaan Vanheule ◽  
Jolien Callewaert ◽  
Boris Bekaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Phenotyping approaches to evaluate nitrogen-use efficiency related traits of diverse wheat varieties under field conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giao N. Nguyen ◽  
Joe Panozzo ◽  
German Spangenberg ◽  
Surya Kant
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen (N) is a key mineral element required for crop growth, yield and quality. Nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) in crop plants is low despite significant research efforts. Excessive use of N fertiliser results in significant economic cost and contributes to environmental pollution. Therefore, it is crucial to develop crop varieties with improved NUE, and this requires efficient phenotyping approaches to screen genotypes under defined N conditions. To address this, 15 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, grown under three N levels, were phenotyped for NUE-related traits under field conditions. Significant genotypic differences were observed in varieties having low to high responsiveness to N applications. The results suggest that basal low N can be used to screen wheat varieties that are less responsive to N, whereas N supply from 80 to 160 kg N ha–1 could be used to screen high N-responsive varieties. Normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) measured by using Crop Circle, and SPAD units measured by SPAD meter at heading stage, were well correlated with shoot dry biomass, grain yield, and shoot and grain N concentration, and could potentially be used as tools to phenotype different wheat varieties under varying N treatments. The data also demonstrated that NDVI and SPAD could be used to differentiate wheat varieties phenotypically for NUE-related traits. The prospect of utilising efficient, non-destructive phenotyping to study NUE in crops is also discussed.

Sterile fungi from zoysiagrass rhizosphere as plant growth promoters in spring wheat

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manchanahally B. Shivanna ◽  
Manchanahally S. Meera ◽  
Mitsuro Hyakumachi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Eleven out of 18 sterile fungal isolates and an isolate each of Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. from the zoysiagrass rhizosphere were effective in enhancing the growth of two wheat varieties in greenhouse conditions. They enhanced the top length and top dry biomass of plants significantly and induced the plants to produce long earheads and more seeds. Notable among isolates were GS6-1, GS6-2, GS7-3, GS7-4, GS8-6, GS10-1, GS10-2, and GU23-3, which enhanced the growth by several times, resulting in a conspicuous growth promotion effect that differed depending on the variety. Penicillium and Trichoderma species were less effective than sterile isolates in enhancing growth. Seven of the 11 effective sterile isolates from the zoysiagrass rhizosphere (as determined under greenhouse conditions) and a wheat rhizosphere isolate (K-17) were further tested under field conditions. Most of the isolates except K-17 enhanced the growth of one variety, whereas a few isolates enhanced the growth of the other variety. However, at least four isolates each increased yields of both varieties. Isolate GS6-1, which was very effective under greenhouse conditions in promoting overall growth, was less effective under field conditions; however, the yield components were not affected. The efficiency of the plant growth promoting isolates depended upon the wheat variety and soil nutrient conditions in addition to their inherent growth promotion abilities.Key words: plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF), sterile fungi, wheat growth promotion, yield components.

REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIALS OF RACES 15B AND 56 OF WHEAT STEM RUST

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Katsuya ◽  
G. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Infection Density

Variations in the prevalence of races 56 and 15B-1 (Can.) of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. and Henn.) have occurred that cannot be explained by changes in the wheat varieties grown in Western Canada. The reasons for the changes in prevalence were investigated by comparing in growth cabinets the reproductive potentials or aggressiveness of the two races and the factors that might influence them. When a mixture of urediospores of the two races was used to inoculate three susceptible varieties for successive uredial generations, race 56 predominated at 25 and 20 °C, and race 15B-1 (Can.) predominated at 15 °C. Experimentation showed that the urediospores of race 56 were more infective than those of 15B-1 (Can.) and that the incubation period of race 56 was shorter than that of race 15B-1 (Can.). Pustules of race 56 grew faster than those of race 15B-1 (Can.) during early stages of development but those of 15B-1 (Can.) ultimately became larger than those of race 56. Race 56 produced more urediospores per pustule than race 15B-1 (Can.) on the susceptible varieties Little Club, Red Bobs, and Marquis at 15 and 20 °C. Infection density markedly affected competitive abilities. Race 56 tended to predominate in light infections but race 15B-1 (Can.) tended to predominate in heavy infections. Pustule size decreased as infection density increased. The possible significance of these findings under field conditions is discussed. It seems likely that the rise of race 15B-1 (Can.) to predominance in 1950 resulted not only from the selection pressure of the widely grown varieties that were resistant to race 56 and susceptible to 15B-1 (Can.) but from the lower temperatures that prevailed and favored 15B-1 (Can.) over 56. The rise to predominance of race 56 from 1956 to 1961 may have resulted from the greater aggressiveness of that race under the moderate or warm conditions that prevailed.

scholarly journals Treatment of food waste digestate using microalgae-based systems with low-intensity light-emitting diodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Felipe Torres Franco ◽  
Scarlet da Encarnação Araújo ◽  
Fabiana Passos ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Lemos Chernicharo ◽  
César Rossas Mota Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand

Abstract Anaerobic digestion of food wastes coupled with digestate post-treatment using microalgae-based systems could recover large amounts of energy and nutrients worldwide. However, the development of full-scale implementations requires overcoming microalgae inhibition by high ammonia concentrations and low light transmittances affecting photosynthesis. This study evaluated the potential of microalgae-based reactors supplied with red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at low intensity (660 nm and 15 µmol·m−2·s−1) to treat food waste digestate. LED reactors were compared with control reactors exposed to solar radiation. From a range of species in the inoculum, Chlorella vulgaris showed high adaptation to both lighting regimes and digestate environmental conditions, characterized by a C:N:P ratio of 74:74:1. Removal efficiencies for control and LED reactors were 84.0% and 95.8% for soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 89.4% and 53.0% for ammonia, respectively. Approximately 50% of ammonia in control reactor and 15% in LED reactor was lost from the systems, whereas 17% and 36% of ammonia was transformed to organic nitrogen in control and LED reactors, respectively. Low-intensity LEDs maintained microalgae growth in levels similar to solar radiation and supported efficient digestate treatment, showing a potential for further application in optimization of full scale reactors at a relatively low energy cost.

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