scholarly journals Markets, infrastructures and infrastructuring markets

AMS Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Araujo ◽  
Katy Mason
Keyword(s):  
Market Research ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Knowledge Objects ◽  
Market Practices ◽  
Private Actors

AbstractDespite a growing understanding of market infrastructures—the rules and socio-material arrangements that enable agreements on the properties of goods, and the calculation of value, equivalence and exchange—we know little of what lies beneath the arrangements that underpin and are implicated in exchange. The socio-material lens has done much to explain how specific assemblages circulate information and goods, but has done little to explain how different infrastructures configure relations between dispersed market practices. Using the history of the development of the market for market research we show how knowledge-based infrastructures constitute markets as knowledge objects: new expertise emerged through alliances between academia, government, and private actors form a new occupation embodied in specialist agencies that set themselves up in an infrastructural relation to marketing practices. Our conceptualization of markets as knowledge objects extends extant understandings of markets by showing how: (1) extant knowledge-based infrastructures are drawn on to construct new markets; (2) infrastructural relations emerge between different markets to constitute multiple systems of provision and demand, leading to an increasingly valuable knowledge infrastructure; and (3) organized practices in one market are often heavily reliant on connections to other markets, including knowledge-based infrastructures such as market research services.

scholarly journals Collective organisation of knowledge in the early phase of the Dutch-Friesian dairy industry (c. 1880-1914)

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 91-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijn Molema ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policies ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Organizational History ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
National Economic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Century Science ◽  
Geographical Dimension

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, science and technology opened up new avenues for dairy farmers. Improved techniques for measuring the percentage of fat content in milk and new mechanical production processes had a considerable influence on the dairy production system. However, knowledge was essential to make the most of these opportunities. Historians have offered diverse explanations for the implementation of a knowledge infrastructure within pre-existing dairy networks. Some studies have emphasized the role of individual actors, while others focused on the influence of cooperative structures. This article contributes to the latter and adds a geographical dimension to the organizational history of dairy knowledge. Based on research in archives and newspapers, it investigates two knowledge institutions in the Dutch province of Friesland: a dairy consultancy and a dairy school, both founded in 1889. The conclusion is that the implementation of knowledge institutions was encouraged by the interplay between regional initiatives and national economic policies.

Corporate Environmentalism and the Boundaries of Sustainability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Temporal Context ◽  
Corporate Environmentalism ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Green Business ◽  
History Of ◽  
Green Entrepreneurship ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

This chapter reviews the history of green entrepreneurship, arguing that green entrepreneurship was shaped by four different temporal contexts between the mid-nineteenth century and the present day. Although there were significant achievements over the entire period, it was only in the most recent era that green business achieved legitimacy and scale. Green entrepreneurs often had religious and ideological motivations, but they were shaped by their institutional and temporal context. They created new markets and categories through selling their ideas and products, and by imagining the meaning of sustainability. They faced hard challenges, which encouraged clustering which provided proximity advantages and higher trust levels. Combining profits and sustainability has always been difficult, and the spread of corporate environmentalism in recent decades has not helped. Although commercial success often eluded pioneers, by a willingness to think outside of traditional boxes, they have opened up new ways of thinking about sustainability.

HURRICANES, CROPS, AND CAPITAL: THE METEOROLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF AMERICAN EMPIRE IN THE WEST INDIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Pietruska
Keyword(s):  
West Indian ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Empire ◽  
The West ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Symbolic Extension ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Weather Service

This article examines the mutually reinforcing imperatives of government science, capitalism, and American empire through a history of the U.S. Weather Bureau's West Indian weather service at the turn of the twentieth century. The original impetus for expanding American meteorological infrastructure into the Caribbean in 1898 was to protect naval vessels from hurricanes, but what began as a measure of military security became, within a year, an instrument of economic expansion that extracted climatological data and produced agricultural reports for American investors. This article argues that the West Indian weather service was a project of imperial meteorology that sought to impose a rational scientific and bureaucratic order on a region that American officials considered racially and culturally inferior, yet relied on the labor of local observers and Cuban meteorological experts in order to do so. Weather reporting networks are examined as a material and symbolic extension of American technoscientific power into the Caribbean and as a knowledge infrastructure that linked the production of agricultural commodities in Cuba and Puerto Rico to the world of commodity exchange in the United States.

Catholic Social Teaching in an Era of Downsizing

2001 ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis P. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Catholic Social Teaching ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Robert Reich ◽  
Peter Drucker

The paper attempts to provide a basis for exploring the continued relevance of Catholic social teaching to business ethics, by interpreting the historic development of a Catholic work ethic and the traditions of Catholic social teaching in light of contemporary discussions of economic globalization, notably those of Robert Reich and Peter Drucker. The paper argues that the Catholic work ethic and the Church's tradition of social teaching has evolved dynamically in response to the structural changes involved in the history of modern economic development, and thus is well poised to speak to the ethical challenges implicit in the advent of a knowledge-based society. In order to test this thesis, the author sketches an approach to the ethicalchallenge of corporate downsizing that he believes illustrates the continued relevance of Catholic social teaching to business ethics.

Knowledge Infrastructure

2010 ◽  
pp. 102-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujeeva Setunge ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Knowledge Assets ◽  
Technology Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
Innovation And Technology

Urban infrastructure along the hard forms such as roads, electricity, water and sewers also includes the soft forms such as research, training, innovation and technology. Knowledge and creativity are keys to soft infrastructure and socioeconomic development. Many city administrations around the world adjust their endogenous development strategies increasingly by investing in soft infrastructure and aiming for a knowledge-based development. At this point, the mapping and management of knowledge assets of cities has become a critical issue for promoting creative urban regions. The chapter scrutinizes the relations between knowledge assets and urban infrastructures and examines the management models to improve soft infrastructure provision.

Urban Laws in Harmony or at Odds With Knowledge-Based Urban Policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Arig M. Eweida
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
New Urban Agenda

The UN Habitat New Urban Agenda deals with cities as an opportunity rather than a threat. Moreover, at the heart of every UN Habitat report you can find the call for knowledge and evidence-based policies as well as the call for reforming housing regulations and norms. However, an observer on Egypt's urban policies and regulations might find them at odds with each other. This chapter will start by briefly listing the major knowledge-based recommendations by UN Habitat, providing a brief history of Egypt's modern urban laws and policies accompanied by explanations of certain social factors. Finally, Egypt's current urban laws will be studied and evaluated in light of the above-mentioned recommendations.

scholarly journals Building infrastructure in the digital age: case study of the Isis Bibliography of History of Science, 2002-2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Weldon
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Digital Resource ◽  
History Of ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
Digital Knowledge ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Knowledge Ecology

The IsisCB Explore went online in 2015 as a foundational digital resource for historians of science. Built on the History of Science Society’s 100-year-old Isis Bibliography of the History of Science, this service is meant to lay the groundwork for a digital infrastructure to support historical work in the relatively new digital environment where so much modern scholarship now takes place. In order to create this resource, the director of the project, Stephen Weldon, has learned how to shape traditional historical methods, practices, and resources to fit the new digital paradigm. Computer and networking technologies have been built out of the needs and practices of technologists, natural scientists, and business innovators, all of whom employ it in very specific ways, quite different from the practices of humanistic scholarship, and history in particular. As a result, the digital environment is not especially friendly to historical work or products. As a result, it has taken a great deal of effort to understand and refactor historical data so that it functions well within a digital knowledge ecology, a “knowledge infrastructure,” as Christine Borgman refers to it. This paper describes the difficulties (epistemological, cultural, and economic) that make the creation of tools like the IsisCB Explore service challenging for historians and suggests some ways forward.

The alternative futures of the International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture: from salinity research to greening the desert

foresight ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Inayatullah ◽  
Ismahane A. Elouafi
Keyword(s):  
Action Learning ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Alternative Futures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Short Run ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anticipatory Action

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present findings, based on a report for the International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), of the preferred visions, scenarios and strategies of stakeholders articulated at a workshop held in Dubai from November 25 to 26, 2012. Design/methodology/approach – The “six pillars” approach to foresight was used to articulate visions of preferred futures of over 50 international stakeholders, including representatives from the UAE Government, national and international donors, the private sector and leading scientists from universities and international scientific institutions. These visions were then translated into a strategic and business plan for ICBA. Findings – The research center was successfully able to use foresight methods to develop a long-term strategic plan, continuing its history of innovation in knowledge-based research relating to saline and marginal environments. Novel visions and strategies for water and food futures were developed. A risk assessment of each vision was conducted. Research limitations/implications – This case study presents visions with scenarios and strategic pathways. It illustrates the utility in setting long-term visions first and then linking with strategic plans. Limitations include that the success of such a venture cannot be judged for at least five to six years. While in the short run, resources – human, partnerships, capital and leadership – have been mobilized, it is too soon to gauge real success of the foresight workshop, project. Practical implications – The study shows links between visions, scenarios and strategic pathways. Social implications – The study includes valuable discussions by leading scientists of water and food futures as well as the organizational and leadership capabilities required to deliver alternative futures. Originality/value – One of the few workshop-oriented interventions in the Middle East and North Africa Region (MENA) region using the anticipatory action learning six pillars framework is included. The study contrasts normal expert-based conferencing in the MENA region.

Farming as if we belong

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Lefroy
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
World View ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Systems ◽  
Agricultural Settlement ◽  
As If

Two fundamental changes in attitude are required before efforts to develop sustainable agricultural systems will be successful. Firstly, the deeply held and often unexamined views we have of our relationship with the natural world, particularly the view of nature as a commodity, must be challenged. Secondly, we must question our continuing faith in a knowledge-based world view as the best way to solve problems that are a consequence of that view. The history of agricultural settlement in Western Australia is an example of the view of nature as a commodity that led to failed agricultural schemes at great social and environmental costs.

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