Criminological Aspects of Sport Policy

Sport policy is a purposeful activity of various subjects connected with organizing and holding sports competitions. Such activity may be state-organized, administrative, financial, commercial, engineering and construction-related, military, security, professional, corporate, training, entertainment, relatively mass-scale, agent, referee, qualifying, and others. It should be taken into account that, besides officially recognized sports, there are also illegal competitions. Criminological aspects, connected with the possibility of crime, can be found everywhere. All of these leads to the necessity of establishing and developing sport criminology as a component of sport policy. Criminological aspects of sport policy are especially evident in the market conditions. Their analysis is necessary for the optimization of preventive work in the most important areas. The authors single out three such areas: criminal law prevention of crime in sports, enforcement of prevention policy for criminal and criminogenic sports, and counteracting sport extremism. The effectiveness of work in the first area is close to zero because special «sport» criminal law norms are not and will not be enforced. The analysis of the second area leads the authors to the conclusion that it is necessary to intensify the counteraction to criminal sports, primarily, dog fighting and street racing. As for the criminogenic sports, they can be conditionally broken into two categories: those promoting violence and cruelty, and those equipping athletes with the skills interesting for the criminal community (organized criminal groups). The first category includes MMA-type female fights. This disgusting spectacle, broadcast on TV, is absolutely contrary both to the female nature and to the traditional values of peoples of Russia. Such fights should be prohibited in the Russian Federation. The third area requires monitoring to prevent fans’ movements from turning into extremist organizations. The promotion of patriotic feelings among fans should be recognized as a strategic direction in the prevention of sport extremism.

Направления реализации стратегии национальной безопасности стран Балтийского региона

The article analyzes the strategy and principles of building the national security strat-egy of the Russian Federation, considers the priorities of ensuring national security. Security doc-trines are aimed at security in the military, political, and informational environment. The article highlights the priority tasks in the field of national defense of the Russian Federation. The review analyzes the integrated security strategies of the countries of the Baltic region – Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia; analyzes the effectiveness of the doctrine of “total defense” of Estonia, the procedure and forms of its implementation. It is stated that the Baltic countries are considering various options to improve security, the concept of “total defense”, is based on the protection of the position of neu-trality, the defense policy of the countries is based on cooperation with large European and regional countries (Finland, Sweden, Poland). The article states that the military security of countries is associated with the need to deepen cooperation with NATO. The doctrine of territorial defense of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, directions of defense policy and territorial security is analyzed.

Współczesne wymiary bezpieczeństwa społeczno-kulturowego wybranych państw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w kontekście zagrożeń militarnych

The information age driving globalization processes determines the increasing importance of socio-cultural factors for international, regional and national security. Due to the interdependence of various security spheres, geopolitics and historical memory of the societies of the Central European region, and the expansionary Russian policy from the beginning of the 21st century, attention is paid to supporting military operations with soft power, in particular, highly effective cultural policy in post-Soviet countries. Research conducted in the years 2012-2017 among security experts provided information on the key aspects of non-military security in Central Europe and to develop recommendations on new socio-cultural threats to Central European countries after 2014. In the course of the research work, literature on the subject, research materials from the University of Warsaw and CBOS (Research Center for Public Opinion, Warsaw) were used, as well as own research conducted in selected countries of the Visegrad Group, analyzed using the SWOT method.

Prospects for Pakistan in 2022

Significance Separately, the recent Taliban takeover of Afghanistan was a strategic win, given the military-security establishment’s long-standing support for the group. The Taliban’s 'Haqqani network' is now attempting to mediate peace between Islamabad and the Pakistani Taliban Movement (TTP), long an enemy of the Pakistani state.

The role of intellectual property in security defense capacity of the state.

Keywords: defense capability, intellectual property, regulatory support The conceptual issues of the legislation of Ukraine,which determine the state policy in the field of national security and defence, regardingthe settlement of issues related to ensuring the state defence capabilities are considered.The scientific publications on actual questions in this sphere concerningproblems and prospects of increase of defence capability of Ukraine are analysed.The role of intellectual property in all components of Ukraine's defence system hasbeen studied, and it has been noted that unresolved problems in the field of intellectualproperty management pose an increasing threat to Ukraine's national security.The importance of ensuring the protection of intellectual property in the process ofimplementing measures to improve the defence capabilities of the state and the needto improve legislation in this area is defined. Recommendations for improving the regulatory framework for national securityand defence in order to address the problematic issues of intellectual property in thisarea are submitted.State defence capability is the ability of state to defend itself in the event of armedaggression or armed conflict. It consists of material and immaterial elements and is aset of military, economic, social and moral and political potential in the field of defenceand appropriate conditions for its implementation.Resolving the issues of reforming not only the Armed Forces of Ukraine, but firstthe entire state, modernization and rearmament of the Ukrainian army has become avital necessity. Only the solution of this issue will allow to raise the defence capabilityof our state to the proper level for the preservation of independent Ukraine.Ensuring the military security of Ukraine largely depends on equipping the ArmedForces of Ukraine with modern types and models of weapons and military equipment,developed on the basis of intellectual property rights.It is the military-technical sphere where the objects of intellectual property rightsbelonging to the sphere of national security and defence are created, and the state isobliged to ensure their protection. This will increase the competitiveness of the domesticdefence industry and make claims impossible for anyone in the mass productionof weapons and military equipment for their own needs and for exports, which directlyaffects defence capabilities.And this requires proper protection of intellectual property rights both in theprocess of own production of weapons and military equipment, as well as in militarytechnicalcooperation.

Social role of the military sphere of national security

The article deals with the socio-philosophical aspects of the functioning of the military sphere of national security of the Belarusian state. With the increase of military violence in the world, the task of preserving and developing the state becomes a priority. The military sphere of national security ensures the creation of safe conditions in the military space for the life and development of a person, community and the state itself and is a factor of stable development of the social system. Taking into consideration the historical development the stabilizing effect of the armed forces on the state and society has been described. With the training of the form of prospective war, the tasks of the military organization of the state, the core of which are the armed forces are clearly defined in our country. The positive influence of the armed forces on the development of society is shown. The basis for achieving security goals is military activity, which is a synthetic phenomenon and takes place in all spheres of community life. It is emphasized that the implementation of the military security subsystem task is the living conditions of the entire social system. External attention is drawn to the formulation of the goals of military policy as an essential factor in maintaining socio-political stability. The primary task of the military sphere of the national security of Belarus is to ensure comprehensive and encouraging efficiency at all levels of the social system. The article demonstrates the need to analyze the technologies of warfare, improve analytical and experimental support for the development of the military sphere, which can withstand the challenges and threaten the XXI century. It is concluded that the military sphere of national security and its armed forces is an important factor not only in the strategic deterrence of aggression, but also in the socio-economic development of the community, increasing its vitality and stability.

Waiting for IR Godot? In search of transformative encounters between Middle Eastern Studies and International Relations

Within the Special Issue ‘Reaching for allies? The dialectics and overlaps between International Relations and Area Studies in the study of politics, security, and conflicts’, this article investigates the post-2011 changing relationship between International Relations (IR) and Middle Eastern Studies (MES). The article departs from the assumption that the reading and writing of security in, on and from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has historically been trapped between the projection of security from abroad and endogenous security narratives. We argue that within the post-Arab uprisings renewed scholarly attention, with studies on security in, on and from the MENA region expressing an all-time methodological pluralism and the increasing and original application of bottom-up and non-military security understandings to regional security, societal and human security are among the most promising notions for transformative dialogue between IR and MES. In broader theoretical terms, we show how the ongoing debate on post-Weberian notions of statehood and post-Westphalian sovereignty point to an already transformative dialogue between IR and MES. The article illustrates this trend with two case studies – on Tunisia and on Iraq – pointing to changing security concepts reflecting changing security practices.

Prospects for the Use of Hydrogen in the Armed Forces

The energy security landscape that we envisage in 2050 will be different from that of today. Meeting the future energy needs of the armed forces will be a key challenge, not least for military security. The World Energy Council’s World Energy Scenarios forecast that the world’s population will rise to 10 billion by 2050, which will also necessitate an increase in the size of the armed forces. In this context, energy extraction, distribution, and storage become essential to stabilizing the imbalance between production and demand. Among the available solutions, Power to Hydrogen (P2H) is one of the most appealing options. However, despite the potential, many obstacles currently hinder the development of the P2H market. This article aims to identify and analyse existing barriers to the introduction of P2H technologies that use hydrogen. The holistic approach used, which was based on a literature survey, identified obstacles and possible strategies for overcoming them. The research conducted presents an original research contribution at the level of hydrogen strategies considered in leading countries around the world. The research findings identified unresolved regulatory issues and sources of uncertainty in the armed forces. There is a lack of knowledge in the armed forces of some countries about the process of producing hydrogen energy and its benefits, which raises concerns about the consistency of its exploitation. Negative attitudes towards hydrogen fuel energy can be a significant barrier to its deployment in the armed forces. Possible approaches and solutions have also been proposed to eliminate obstacles and to support decision makers in defining and implementing a strategy for hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. There are decisive and unresolved obstacles to its deployment, not only in the armed forces.

New Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation: To Methodological Inaccuracies of Concepts

The content of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation and the Law of the Russian Federation «On Countering Terrorism» is considered, the essential definitions of the main concepts are analyzed, which, according to the author, lead to methodological inaccuracies and misunderstandings of the official state document. The author’s definitions of military dangers and threats to modern Russia, as well as threats to its military security are given.

PECULIARITIES OF STATE AND MILITARY MANAGEMENT TO COUNTER TERRORISM IN MODERN KAZAKHSTAN

The article examines the specifics of the activities of the state and military management bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan to counter terrorism at the present stage. The necessity of using the Armed Forces in countering terrorism in the context of military security has been substantiated. The interaction of various state structures, power structures and civil society institutions is analyzed.