scholarly journals How to Think about the Debate over the Reality of Beliefs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Poslajko
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Form ◽  
Realist Approach ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Eliminative Materialism ◽  
Belief Attributions ◽  
Background Assumption ◽  
Realist View

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to propose a new conceptualization of the distinction between realism and anti-realism about beliefs that is based on the division between natural and non-natural properties, as defined by Lewis. It will be argued that although the traditional form of anti-realism about beliefs, namely eliminative materialism, has failed (as it led to unacceptable consequences), there is a possibility to reformulate the division in question. The background assumption of the proposal is the framework of deflationism about truth and existence: it will be assumed that beliefs can be said to exist and their attributions can said to be true. The aim is to show that even when we buy into such assumptions we can meaningfully distinguish between the realist and anti-realist approach to belief. According to the proposal, the paradigmatic anti-realist view on beliefs should be seen as a conjunction of three claims: that belief attributions do not track objective similarities, that beliefs are not causally active, and that there is no viable way of naturalizing content. It will be shown that seeing the debate in the proposed way has important advantages as it allows the issue of belief realism to be made non-trivial and tractable, and it introduces theoretical unity into contemporary metaphysics of beliefs.

scholarly journals ‘Epistemology models ontology’− In gesprek met John Polkinghorne

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Buitendag
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Linear Trajectory ◽  
Realist Approach ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
Ontology Model ◽  
Doctrine Of The Trinity ◽  
The Trinity ◽  
Realist View ◽  
John Polkinghorne

The famous premise of John Polkinghorne, ‘epistemology models ontology’, has been assessed in this article. It is interpreted that its logic is based on a linear trajectory of knowledge → being. Polkinghorne places much emphasis on the fact that he pursues a ‘bottom-up’ approach, that is, an inductive way of going about with reality. He opts for a ‘critical realist’ view of reality that leads him to interpret indeterminacy (Heisenberg) as a sign of actual ontological openness to the future and not primarily as an epistemological deficit. He applies subsequently the doctrine of the Trinity as a hermeneutical tool to understand reality. The author argues that Polkinghorne is inconsistent in this venture and that he should consider a multidimensional approach, where epistemology and ontology model each other mutually, that is, knowledge ↔ being. In order to acknowledge the stratification of reality and the pluriformity of epistemologies, it is suggested that a rather ‘constructive-realist’ approach would serve better the theology of Polkinghorne; this is a shift from epistemology to hermeneutics.

Representing ethical reality: a guide for worldly non-naturalists

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 548-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. FitzPatrick
Keyword(s):  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Ethical Evaluation ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Realist View

AbstractEthical realists hold (i) that our ethical concepts, thoughts, and claims are in the business of representing ethical reality, by representing evaluative or normative properties and facts as aspects of reality, and (ii) that such representations are at least sometimes accurate. Non-naturalist realists add the further claim that ethical properties and facts are ultimately non-natural, though they are nonetheless worldly. My aim is threefold: to elucidate the sort of representation involved in ethical evaluation on realist views; to clarify what exactly is represented and how non-naturalism comes into the picture for non-naturalists; and to defend worldly non-naturalism against some objections. The first question addressed is how we should model evaluation on any realist view, which should in turn guide the identification of which properties and facts are credibly regarded as ‘evaluative’ ones. Then the question is: what role might non-natural properties and facts play, and how are they related to what is represented in ethical evaluation? Once that is clear, we will be in a position to answer certain objections to non-naturalist realism from Jackson, Gibbard, Bedke, and Dreier. I argue that the objections all mischaracterize the role played by non-natural properties and facts on plausible versions of non-naturalist realism.

Impact Of Transformational Leadership On Motivating Faculty Members

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 303-312
Author(s):  
Jamal Asad Mezel ◽  
Adnan Fadhil Khaleel ◽  
Kiran Das Naik Eslavath
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Traditional Form ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
University Leaders ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

This empirical study show that the impact of all styles was well moderate. The means of effect of all styles were less than 3 out of 5. It means the expected impact of transformational affect upon the all dimensions of the activities, are not expected due to the traditional styles of leadership and the lack of information about the transformational leadership styles which can guide leaders to use such styles in the organization which may be this results due to lack of trained leaders and necessary knowledge with the leaders in all universities about transformational styles the traditional form of the leadership styles which used by the university leaders affect the communication between all levels of the administration and the faculty members which has consequence because decrease in motivation and a self-consideration from the administration.

Cholesterol and its Ayurvedic Complement – Depicting its role in Pathogenesis as well as Management of Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Kajaria
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Lipid Balance ◽  
Vast Area

Role of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of diabetes is the emergent are of research with full of potential; it not only open a vast area of therapeutic interventions but also can change the prevailing treatment modality. Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine materialize the concept of lipocenteric approach for the management of diabetes even thousands of years back. According to Ayurveda, the natural properties of lipid are deranged that causes diabetes. It may prove beneficial to quest the search of herbal remedies that can harmonize the lipid balance and uproot the pathogenesis. In the presenting review article, role of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of diabetes is discussed along with detailed description of Ayurvedic concepts regarding pathogenesis and a brief description of herbal management.

Sin is Dead, Long Live Sin!

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Religious Commitment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Realist Approach ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Cultural Amnesia

Chapter 9 offers two concluding ‘provocations’: one on wretchedness without God, the other on wretchedness with God. The first brings Sartre into dialogue with Marilyn McCord Adams’s work ‘God because of Evil’, arguing that Sartre’s account lends credence to her view that optimism is not warranted if one takes a robust realist approach to evil. Read as a phenomenologist of fallenness, Sartre may serve the apologetic purpose of making options ‘live’, in William James’s language; or, to use the phrase of Stephen Mulhall, to ‘hold open the possibility of taking religious points of view seriously’. The second provocation—on the question of wretchedness with God—suggests that Sartre can be read ‘for edification’ to help us see our failures in love. The book concludes that reading Sartre in this light can help redress ‘damaging cultural amnesia’ about religious commitment, offering an account of sin that cultivates humility, love, and mercy.

Reality and Morality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy Dunaway
Keyword(s):  
Moral Realism ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Moral Disagreement ◽  
Moral Language ◽  
Moral Properties ◽  
Realist View

This book develops and defends a framework for moral realism. It defends the idea that moral properties are metaphysically elite, or privileged parts of reality. It argues that realists can hold that this makes them highly eligible as the referents for our moral terms, an application of a thesis sometimes called reference magnetism. And it elaborates on these theses by introducing some natural claims about how we can know about morality, by having beliefs that are free from a kind of risk of error. This package of theses in metaphysics, meta-semantics, and epistemology is motivated with a view to an explanation of possible moral disagreements. Many writers have emphasized the scope of moral disagreement, and have given compelling examples of possible users of moral language who appear to be genuinely disagreeing, rather than talking past one another, with their use of moral language. What has gone unnoticed is that there are limits to these possible disagreements, and not all possible users of moral language are naturally interpreted as capable of genuine disagreement. The realist view developed in this book can explain both the extent of, and the limits to, moral disagreement, and thereby has explanatory power that counts significantly in its favor.

Eliminating Mistakes about Eliminative Materialism

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Eliminative Materialism

scholarly journals Towards a Communicative Test of Reading and Language Use for Classical Greek

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Polyxeni Poupounaki-Lappa ◽  
Tzortzina Peristeri ◽  
David Coniam
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Traditional Form ◽  
Pedagogical Approaches

Abstract This paper describes the development of a communicative test of Reading and Language Use for Classical Greek, aimed at students at CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) levels A1 and A2. A discussion is first provided of traditional pedagogical approaches which have for many decades dominated the teaching of classical languages, followed by suggestions why these may be supplanted with more modern communicative approaches. Focus then moves to assessment, where, it is suggested, methods are equally rooted in traditional, form-focused methods. If teaching is to become more communicative, it is argued, so should assessment. Against this backdrop, the development of a test of Reading and Language Use for students of Classical Greek at CEFR levels A1 and A2 is described.

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