scholarly journals Hate: toward a Four-Types Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Íngrid Vendrell Ferran
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Intentional Structure

AbstractDrawing on insights found in both philosophy and psychology, this paper offers an analysis of hate and distinguishes between its main types. I argue that hate is a sentiment, i.e., a form to regard the other as evil which on certain occasions can be acutely felt. On the basis of this definition, I develop a typology which, unlike the main typologies in philosophy and psychology, does not explain hate in terms of patterns of other affective states. By examining the developmental history and intentional structure of hate, I obtain two variables: the replaceability/irreplaceability of the target and the determinacy/indeterminacy of the focus of concern. The combination of these variables generates the four-types model of hate, according to which hate comes in the following kinds: normative, ideological, retributive, and malicious.

Selfdetermination in philosophy and factical life. Some considerations about an early Heidegger lecture

Methodus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Francisco Abalo
Keyword(s):  
Basic Problem ◽  
Methodological Problem ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Relevant Issue ◽  
The One ◽  
Intentional Structure ◽  
Intuitive Model

The main focus of this article is the methodological problem of the selfdetermination of the philosophy according to the phenomenological analysis carried out by Heidegger in one of the lectures of his early period (the so called Früh Freiburger Vorlesungen). The general frame of the current paper implies a hermeneutical thesis according to which the relevance of the well-known “factical life” is not solely thematic but mainly methodological. This function explains why these “phenomenological exercises” are some sort of genetical enquiries. In consequence, the specific aim of this article is, on the one hand, to show that the problem of the selfdetermination of the philosophy is the document of the more basic problem of the possibility of access to the intentional structures as such. On the other hand, this implies that the facticity as the primary horizon of comprehension constitutes in deed a redrawing of the intentional structure, in such a way that it is avoided the paradoxical consequences of the reflexive-intuitive model of access to one self and makes a relevant issue to the philosophy the problematic character of the intentionality itself.

scholarly journals As Formas da Simpatia e o seu Papel na Compreensão das Vivências Alheias em Scheler

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodrigues RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Intentional Structure ◽  
Intentional Acts

The objective is to describe the main features of the sympathy phenomenon from Max Scheler's phenomenology. The central problem is to show how sympathy shows itself as a privileged "place" for understanding the experiences of others, because it implies a psychic-affective unification with whom one sympathizes or welcomes. However, compassion and co-rejoicing cannot be understood as the apprehension of psychic contents unrelated to the reproduction of the feelings of the other, mistakenly equating sympathizing with affective contagion. Thus, first, some reasons and ways of transformations of anthropologies and historical consolidation of the modern ratio that led to such mistake are outlined. Then, after distinguishing the plural forms of sympathy, showing its law of internal reasoning, it is discussed in what sense sympathy is to suffer and to rejoice by spelling out its intentional structure. To know the other, however, is not only to unite affectionately with others, but the free decision, proper of a spiritual being, to take part in the opening of the personal being of others, to participate in their intentional acts. It follows, then, that sympathizing presupposes the supreme form of love. Palavras-chave : Feelings; sympathy; love; knowledge of each other.

Über die Beziehungen zwischen Eizahl und Eigewicht bei Fischen

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 584-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans M. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Tilapia Mossambica ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Exact Correlation

The number of eggs per clutch in Tilapia mossambica (Cichlidae, Teleostei) greatly increases with bodyweight. But the values are scattered within wide limits. On the other hand a very exact correlation is shown, if one compares the weight of the clutches with the bodyweights. That means, that the fish either produce relatively few large eggs or relatively many small eggs, in such a way, that for every bodyweight there is given a definite total clutchweight. The animal is ready to spawn, when this relationship is reached. The clutch remains in this condition for only a short time. If no spawning takes place, than the eggs are resorbed, and a new clutch is formed. After investigation of the developmental history one can propose, that at the beginning of clutch formation there are individual differences in the number of oocytes competent for yolk deposition; whether the clutch is composed of larger or smaller eggs appears to depend on the number of competent oocytes, which were present.

scholarly journals From Obesity to Energy Metabolism: Ontological Perspectives on the Metrics of Human Bodies

Topoi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Serpico ◽  
Andrea Borghini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Social Narratives ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Conceptual Shift ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

Abstract In this paper, we aim at rethinking the concept of obesity in a way that better captures the connection between underlying medical aspects, on the one hand, and an individual’s developmental history, on the other. Our proposal rests on the idea that obesity is not to be understood as a phenotypic trait or character; rather, obesity represents one of the many possible states of a more complex phenotypic trait that we call ‘energy metabolism.’ We argue that this apparently simple conceptual shift can help solve important theoretical misconceptions regarding the genetics, epigenetics, and development of obesity. In addition, we show that our proposal can be fruitfully paired with the concept of developmental channeling of a trait, which connects to the study of the plasticity and canalization of complex traits. Finally, we discuss the potential impact of our approach on the assessment, treatment, and social narratives of obesity.

Defa’-e Moghaddas (The Sacred Defense), Hamdeli va Mehrvarzi (Camaraderie and Love from Knowing the Other), and the Making of Social Cinema in Post-Revolutionary Islamic Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. e20210031
Author(s):  
Fakhri Haghani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Film Genre ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Psychological Suffering ◽  
Duke University ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Right

A publicity tool during the Iran–Iraq war (1980–1988), the cinema of the post-war period in Iran was expected to uphold Islamic, ethical, and symbolic values idealized by the government as defa’-e moghaddas (the sacred defense). The war film genre, which was launched during this period to promote these values, exclusively addressed the presence of men on the front lines. It barely made on-screen references to the role of women. Focusing on the gender dynamics of self-sacrifice and drawing on genres such as drama and melodrama, certain filmmakers used cinemay-e ejtema’i (the social cinema) to translate this ideal to the struggles back home. These films turned the gaze of the camera toward the hidden life of mazlooman (the oppressed). They thus shifted the meaning of defa’-e moghaddas and addressed socio-psychological suffering, oppressive cultural practices (‘ orf), and unjust legal codes of qisas (retaliation) as contradictory to Islam’s teachings on and cultivation of love, justice, and righteousness among ommat (the Islamic community). Focusing on the Iranian poetic vision of hamdeli va mehrvarzi (camaraderie and love from knowing the other), this essay traces affective states including affinity in struggle, rage, anger, and resistance. Linking instances of these states with Western feminist scholarship on the theory of affect, I discuss the cinematic process of claiming “the right to look” (Mirzoeff, Nicholas, The Right to Look: A Counterhistory of Visuality. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011).

Exploring exploration: the role of affective states as forces that hinder change

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Stefano Brusoni ◽  
Daniella Laureiro-Martínez ◽  
Nicola Canessa ◽  
Maurizio Zollo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Negative Affective States

Abstract In this article we argue that in order to understand failure or success in adapting to environmental change, we should better understand why people hesitate to pursue novel choices. This article asks: what forces hinder individuals’ exploration choices of different alternatives, and hence their ability to learn from them? To answer this question, this article looks to the cognitive sciences to identify a set of plausible mechanisms that hinder people’s tendency to explore. So far, “exploration” has been studied as a relatively monolithic behavior. Instead, we propose that exploration can be characterized in terms of some distinctive forces behind it. On one hand, agents experience “attachment” to choices that proved successful in the past, and hence comfort when sticking with them. On the other hand, they also experience concerns about less familiar options, as they lack knowledge about “distant” choices that have not been tried for a long time, or ever. We propose that high attachment is related to anxiety, and high distance to fear. Both these negative affective states hinder exploration. We find and discuss preliminary and tentative evidence of this effect.

scholarly journals Language socialization of affect in Mandarin parent–child conversation

Pragmatics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiung-chih Huang
Keyword(s):  
Language Socialization ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Conversational Interactions ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Children's Behaviors ◽  
Parent Child

This study aimed to investigate language socialization of affect in Mandarin parent-child interaction. Natural conversations between Mandarin-speaking two-year-olds and their parents were analyzed, focusing on the lexicon of affect words and the conversational interactions in which these words were used. The results showed that the children tended to use the type of affect words which encoded specific affective states, with the children as the primary experiencers. The parents, on the other hand, tended to use affect words not only to encode affective states but also to express evaluative characterizations. They often used affect words to negotiate with the children the appropriate affective responses to a variety of stimuli or to socialize the children’s behaviors into culturally approved patterns. In addition, it was found that the structure of conversational sequences served as a discourse-level resource for the socialization of affect. The findings were further discussed in relation to Clancy’s (1999) model of language socialization of affect.

Equanimity in Relationship

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily McRae
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Affective States ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Important Activity

In Buddhist ethical traditions, equanimity along with love, compassion, and sympathetic joy form what are called the four boundless qualities, which are affective states one cultivates for moral and spiritual development. But there is a sense in which equanimity seems very unlike the three others: love, compassion, and sympathetic joy all imply an emotional investment in others, whereas equanimity seems to imply an absence of such investment. This observation has provoked debate as to how to properly understand the relationship between equanimity and the other three boundless qualities. This essay proposes that equanimity—like love, compassion, and sympathetic joy—is itself a virtue of good intimate relationships and not in conflict with such virtues. To show this, the essay focuses on an important activity of intimate, loving relationships, which, it argues, requires equanimity: dealing with ugliness.

Music, Experience, and Affect

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Patrik N. Juslin
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Other ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Music Experience ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between emotions and music. It argues that of all the various affective states that music can arouse, none is more important than the emotions. To the degree that music affects moods, these are less likely than emotions to be remembered (since intense affective reactions are remembered better), and will have a weaker impact on subsequent behaviour. The chapter highlights a distinction of key importance for the field, which may be traced to ancient Greece and is encountered in both Western and non-Western cultures. On the one hand, a person may simply perceive (or recognize) a certain emotion ‘expressed’ or ‘represented’ in the music. On the other hand, a person may actually feel an emotion.

scholarly journals On the banality of wilful blindness: Ignorance and affect in extractive encounters

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Bovensiepen
Keyword(s):  
Development Project ◽  
The Other ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Oil Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Ethical Evaluations ◽  
The One ◽  
Social Logics

Research on strategic ignorance tends to focus on the deliberate manufacture of non-knowledge as a tool of governance. In contrast, this article highlights the ‘banal’ workings of wilful blindness, how it can become a normalised part of corporate routine. It examines the diverse dynamics of wilful blindness that became visible in the planning and implementation of a mega oil development project in Timor-Leste, including spatial distancing, denial of moral implications, and the production of effervescent moments of collective solidarity. It concludes that affective states are key in the normalisation of wilful blindness, which operates at the unstable boundary between intention and affect. An emphasis on wilful blindness helps us to bridge the gap between political economy approaches that emphasise the disruptive impact of resource abundance, on the one hand, and anthropological approaches that highlight the social logics and ethical evaluations of main actors involved, on the other.

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