Gênero como Modalidade Existencial

Gender discussions are still fundamental to (trans)feminist struggles and have an open field to new reflections that contribute to the topic. This issue is important to phenomenology from Simone de Beauvoir to Judith Butler and other contemporary feminist phenomenologists. Considering the contributions already unveiled by these authors, this paper aims to rethink the conceptualization of gender through the concept of existential modality found in Merleau-Ponty and Heidegger in a non-systematic theoretical review. The concept of existential modality implies possibilities as fundamental in the ontological structure of being. Here, possibility has existential and open characteristics that describe ways of being, of linking, meaning and make possible being and meaning. Gender as an existential modality reveals a spectrum of potencies that is realized and established in the corporeal and situated existence of being. This work allows a dialogue with the reflections already made by the feminist authors and the opening to deepen the discussions about gender. Palavras-chave : Gender; Existential Modality; Phenomenology.

As Formas da Simpatia e o seu Papel na Compreensão das Vivências Alheias em Scheler

The objective is to describe the main features of the sympathy phenomenon from Max Scheler's phenomenology. The central problem is to show how sympathy shows itself as a privileged "place" for understanding the experiences of others, because it implies a psychic-affective unification with whom one sympathizes or welcomes. However, compassion and co-rejoicing cannot be understood as the apprehension of psychic contents unrelated to the reproduction of the feelings of the other, mistakenly equating sympathizing with affective contagion. Thus, first, some reasons and ways of transformations of anthropologies and historical consolidation of the modern ratio that led to such mistake are outlined. Then, after distinguishing the plural forms of sympathy, showing its law of internal reasoning, it is discussed in what sense sympathy is to suffer and to rejoice by spelling out its intentional structure. To know the other, however, is not only to unite affectionately with others, but the free decision, proper of a spiritual being, to take part in the opening of the personal being of others, to participate in their intentional acts. It follows, then, that sympathizing presupposes the supreme form of love. Palavras-chave : Feelings; sympathy; love; knowledge of each other.

Investigando a Experiência de Usuários em um Centro de Convivência: Estudo Fenomenológico

This paper presents the results of a qualitative research of phenomenological nature that aimed to understand the experience of people who attend a Coexistence Community Center (CECO). Individual dialogical encounters were held with seven adult users of both sexes. After each meeting, the researcher wrote a Comprehensive Narrative, based on his own impressions, about the participant's experience. A Narrative Synthesis was then constructed containing the significant elements of the experience of all participants in relation to the experiences in the CECO. The phenomenologically revealed elements, that constituted the results of the research, can be expressed as follows: (1) interpersonal relations, mediated by professionals in the context of the CECO, are guided by respect, understanding and mutual interest; (2) from the daily coexistence with other people and from participation in collective activities, users can creatively develop their skills and interests; and (3) when they feel welcomed and respected as people, users also develop a positive affective relationship with the service. In conclusion, CECO is a space conducive to the development of individual and collective potentialities and to the valorization of constructive social relations that facilitate and preserve the inherent tendency of people for growth, autonomy and psychological maturation. Palavras-chave : Coexistence Community Center; Phenomenological Psychology; Narratives; Psychological Attention in Institutions; Public Health.

Micro-Fenomenología de la Subjetividad del Psicoterapeuta Sistémico

Systemic psychological therapy takes place in a relational context, where the subjectivities of the consultants and the therapists interact. Traditional research has focused more on the characteristics of the consultants than on the subjectivity of the therapist. Hence, "third person" perspectives have been privileged. The few studies that investigate the subjectivity of the therapist resort to introspective, interpretive and prescriptive methodologies. How to access the subjectivity of the therapist from different perspectives than those offered by "third person" observation and "first person" introspection? The purpose of the article is to explore, through the micro-phenomenological method, how the subjectivity of the therapist is shown in the first impression of a consultant. To do this, interviews were conducted with six therapists. The results show that en-active emotionality appears as an invariant of the therapist's subjectivity; and that this invariant operates as an "intelligent motivation", which enters "into action" in the course of the intersubjective relationship itself and permanently monitors and guides the therapeutic process. The results allow us to consider, on the one hand, that traditional research has undervalued the importance of en-active emotions in the therapeutic process; and, on the other, that the qualitative improvement of therapy implies not only recognizing this invariant, but also cultivating it. Palavras-chave : Subjectivity; Systemic therapy; Micro-phenomenology; En-active emotion; Experience.

Infertilidade Feminina e Conjugalidade: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura

Infertility has repercussions as a problem in different areas. Regarding the sphere of the couple, this is a situation that can affect both spouses and operates in marital satisfaction. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to know how the conjugality is affected by the female infertility from the national and international scientific production. It is an integrative review of the scientific literature indexed in the databases/libraries PUBMED, PsycINFO and LILACS published between 2008 and 2018, in the Portuguese, Spanish and English languages, which recovered 34 publications, which were submitted to critical analysis. It is a predominantly international production, with a quantitative approach. The guiding question that led to the present revision was answered, so that it was found that infertility transforms the conjugal relationship, most often negatively, which has no direct influence of the female factor as cause. In contrast, the search for treatment is shown as an aspect of cohesion between the couple, which strengthens itself in pursuit of a common goal. Therefore, it is necessary to develop actions that aim at improving the marital and sexual quality of life of couples who are undergoing diagnosis and treatment for infertility. Palavras-chave : Infertility; Marriage; Spouses.

Produção de Conhecimento em Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa: Um Percurso Teórico-Metodológico Gadameriano

This article aims to present the theoretical-methodological route, built by the first author in his Master's Dissertation under the guidance of the second, based on Hans-Georg Gadamer hermeneutic-philosophical philosophy. Its relevance is justified because it is a structured alternative for conducting bibliographic research within the scope of the Person Centered Approach (PCA). For this, we initially want to justify an epistemological choice of gadamerian hermeneutics in its relation to the research objective. Then, we present the conceptual network formed by the articulation of prejudice, language, tradition, update and fusion of horizons that supports this perspective, in a ways that allows, later, to systematize the phases of information investigation, comprehensive analysis and hermeneutic synthesis to the development of research on the proposed problem. The article ends with the observation of the potentiality and proficiency related to the approximation, and consequent articulation, between PCA and the Gadamerian philosophical perspective, with reflections on the implications regarding the use of a hermeneutic-philosophical method in the production of knowledge in the approach. Palavras-chave : Person-Centered Approach; Philosophical Hermeneutic; Carl Rogers; Hans-Georg Gadamer.

Fenomenologia e Psicologia da Saúde: Uma Análise da Produção Acadêmica Brasileira

This study aimed to investigate the contributions of Phenomenology to Health Psychology based on Brazilian academic production. A search in the SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PePSIC (Electronic Psychology Journals) and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) databases was performed and thirteen papers published between 2000 and 2018 were selected and analyzed. It was found that Phenomenology contributes in many ways while Edmund Husserl's epistemology, as well as an approach that presents a view of the world and human beings by means of a number of phenomenologists, and as a philosophical phenomenological method adapted to Psychology by various authors. As far as Health Psychology is concerned, research brings an understanding of the health-disease-care process both by the analysis of the experiences of users who turn to health services as well as by professional psychologists' practice within a biopsychosocial perspective. A plurality of theoretical conceptions and methodological pathways is observed both when it comes to Phenomenology and Health Psychology, thus further studies on Health Psychology stemming from the contributions of Phenomenology are promising. Palavras-chave : Health Psychology; Phenomenology; Psychologists; Academic production.

A teoria do sonho de F. S. perls: evolução, problemas teóricos e práticos

The dream theory created by F. S. Perls, traditionally, has been characterized as a projection or an existential message. However, this description only represents a simplistic explanation of the broader and original conceptualization of the dream phenomenon developed by Perls. In this regard, in this paper an orderly exposition of the perlsian theory of the dream is done, as well as a critical analysis of the propositions on which it is based, paying special attention to the errors inherent in it and its implications in clinical practice. It is concluded that the perlsian theory of the oneiric evolved in three stages, namely, original model of the dream, model of correspondence and classical model of the dream, each of which constitutes, in its own right, a theory of the dream in which it defines the dream phenomenon in a particular way and is attributed to specific psychological and therapeutic functions, as well as a specific work methodology. Palavras-chave : Gestalt therapy; Dreams; Hallucinations; Fantasy; Eidetic imager.

Experiências de Estudantes de Psicologia ao Conduzir Grupos com outros Universitários

This research aimed to understand the experiences of processes in the clinical listening of Psychology undergraduate students in conducting intervention groups with other university students, seeking to describe the meanings of these experiences for the formation of these students; point out crossings involved; identify possible knowledge, skills and attitudes developed, the challenges faced and the learning gains. In an interventional phenomenological perspective, the method of collaborative hermeneutics was used. In 14 supervisory meetings, collaborators were a psychologist, a professor and eight psychology undergraduate students conducting two intervention groups with university undergraduate students. The instrument used was the Version of Sense and the results indicated that the students experienced personal growth and professional development, were enchanted by Psychology; and crossed by the psychosocial realities of the students attended, but managed, with their own limits, to recognize the need for a personal process and to internalize the basis of a professional identity matrix; they learned the method systematics; supervisors and colleagues were essential in the process of improving listening. Therefore, stand out the need for support networks for university undergraduate students and improvements in the qualification process of the Psychology student, aiming at their future entry into the job market. Palavras-chave : Listening; University Suffering; Formation of the Psychologist; School Service; Phenomenological Research.

A Angústia Existencial como Disposição Afetiva Fundamental para a Prática Psicoterápica

Anguish is a fundamental concept in the phenomenological-existential clinic. This affective disposition has in Martin Heidegger's work a privilege over other dispositions, since it, in its ontological character, is the engine of human existence. This paper aims to understand anguish as revealing the truth of Being-there in the psychotherapeutic process, based on the contributions of philosopher Heidegger and his commentators, especially exponents of phenomenological-existential psychology. Questions such as "What is the truth of Being-there?" And "What does anguish reveal about this truth?" Guided the construction of this work. The study is characterized as a qualitative research, whose methodology is bibliographic research. The results indicated that anguish reveals the truth of Being-there. What we call the truth is the essence of this being: having to be. It points to its ontological character of openness, its possibilities, its own power-being, freedom and the unveiling of the meaning of Being. Finally, the ontological anguish, not restricted to the psychotherapeutic process, moves Being-there and reveals possibilities that, by their very nature. through care makes its uniqueness possible. Thus, it is essential for the psychotherapist to understand distress, facilitating the patient's appropriation and accountability of what it reveals. Palavras-chave : Anguish; Heidegger; Truth; Being-there; Psycotherapy.