Combination of in situ iodization and Haloferax spp. bacteria enrichment in salt crystallization process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilawati ◽  
Rame ◽  
Rizal Awaludin Malik ◽  
Rustiana Yuliasni
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Salt Crystallization

Some observations on rock weathering, Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 977-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Waits
Keyword(s):  
Salt Crystallization ◽  
Rock Weathering ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Bedrock Weathering ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Selective Preservation ◽  
Mechanical Weathering ◽  
High Level

A variety of bedrock weathering features—both modern and remnant—including surface grus, polygonal cracks, siliceous glaze, tors, weathering pits, and tafoni typify upland outcrops on the Cumberland Peninsula. Tor ridges are particularly prevalent and at lower elevations they show significant modification and streamlining by flowing ice. On summit areas at elevations above 750 m, however, remnant corestones are preserved in situ, suggesting selective preservation of upland surfaces. Bedrock structure and composition, topographic position, and intensity of process strongly influence tor development. Weathering pits are common on high level, open summit surfaces where weathering occurs in response to both climate and continued removal of derived debris. Pit enlargement through lateral undercutting has been favoured by accumulation of protective bottom residua, mechanical weathering, and the presence of exfoliation crusts. It is postulated that salt crystallization plays a role in outcrop microweathering under present upland arctic conditions.

scholarly journals Crystallization behavior of ion beam sputtered HfO2 thin films and its effect on the laser-induced damage threshold

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Balogh-Michels ◽  
Igor Stevanovic ◽  
Aurelio Borzi ◽  
Andreas Bächli ◽  
Daniel Schachtler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
High Activation ◽  
Quarter Wave ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
Laser Induced Damage ◽  
Significant Increment

AbstractIn this work, we present our results about the thermal crystallization of ion beam sputtered hafnia on 0001 SiO2 substrates and its effect on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT). The crystallization process was studied using in-situ X-ray diffractometry. We determined an activation energy for crystallization of 2.6 ± 0.5 eV. It was found that the growth of the crystallites follows a two-dimensional growth mode. This, in combination with the high activation energy, leads to an apparent layer thickness-dependent crystallization temperature. LIDT measurements @355 nm on thermally treated 3 quarter-wave thick hafnia layers show a decrement of the 0% LIDT for 1 h @773 K treatment. Thermal treatment for 5 h leads to a significant increment of the LIDT values.

Crystallization Behavior of Polyethylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Prepared by In Situ Polymerization

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 932-935
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Li Guang Xiao ◽  
Hong Kai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

Polyethylene/montmorillonite (PE/MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization. The crystallization behavior of PE/MMT nanocomposites at different MMT concentrations (from 0.1 to 1.2 wt %) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The equilibrium melting points increase by the addition of MMT. The crystallization rates of PE/MMT nanocomposites are faster than those of pure PE. The addition of MMT facilitated the crystallization of PE, with the MMT functioning as a heterogeneous nucleating agent at lower content; at higher concentrations, however, the physical hindrance of the MMT layers to the motion of PE chains retarded the crystallization process.

In situ X-ray diffraction study of crystallization process of GeSbTe thin films during heat treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 244 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiko Kato ◽  
Ichiro Konomi ◽  
Yoshiki Seno ◽  
Tomoyoshi Motohiro
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Effects of Glass Elements on the Structural Evolution ofin situGrown Ferroelectric Perovskite Crystals in Sol-gel Derived Glass-ceramics

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Yao ◽  
Weiguang Zhu ◽  
Liangying Zhang ◽  
Xi Yao
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Dielectric Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Process Change ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ferroelectric Perovskite

Several ABO3perovskite ferroelectric crystals, PbTiO3, Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, and BaTiO3have beenin situgrown from amorphous gels with glass elements, and the structural evolution has been systematically investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectra (IR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dielectric measurements. It is found that in the Si-contained glass-ceramic systems, Si and B glass elements are incorporated into the crystalline structures, resulting in the variation of the crystallization process, change of lattice constant, and dielectric properties. Some metastable phases expressed by a general formula AxByGzOw(A = Pb and Ba; B = Zr and Ti; G for glass elements, especially for Si) have been observed and discussed.

scholarly journals Study on Co-Crystallization of LCZ696 Using In Situ ATR-FTIR and Imaging

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Liu ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Xue Zhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Avrami Equation ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Transformation Time

In situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and imaging and image analysis were applied to the study of the multicomponent co-crystallization process involving S-valsartan and sacubitril in which LCZ696 crystals were formed. LCZ696 is a combination drug for use in heart failure that was approved by the FDA in 2015 following development by Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Though much work was reported on LCZ696 about its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in the evaluation and clinical testing, less attention was paid to study on the co-crystallization process. LCZ696 crystals have shown difficulties in filtration mainly due to the small particle size. In this work, LCZ696 crystals were prepared successfully by S-valsartan and sacubitril, and characterized by SEM, XRPD, TG-DSC and ATR-FTIR. ATR-FTIR and imaging and image analysis were used to monitoring solution concentration and investigating the co-crystallization mechanism. It revealed that the nucleation process was very slow compared with the transformation process, which is indication that the co-crystallization was controlled by nucleation. LCZ696 crystals are composed of very thin hexagonal plates, which seems indicating that LCZ696 crystals grow mainly in two size dimensions. Stirrer speed and crystal seeds were found to have noticeable effect on the induction time, transformation time and crystal size distribution. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation was found to be able to describe the co-crystallization process.

Phase Evolution During Sintering of Mullite/zirconia Composites Using Silica-coated Alumina Powders

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1358-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Yaroshenko ◽  
D. S. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Microstructure Development ◽  
Mullite Formation ◽  
Zirconia Composites ◽  
Zircon Formation

Mullite-based composites can be made by an in situ reaction process using silica-coated alumina (SCA) powder as a mullite precursor. In this paper we present the combined effects of zirconia and premullite seeds on the crystallization process and microstructure development. When zirconia is added without seeding, mullite formation proceeds through the formation of transient zircon. This phase provides a lower energy barrier for mullite nucleation and thus lowers the mullitization temperature. The presence of yttria as a stabilizer in zirconia reduces the activation energy for zircon formation and thus promotes the transient reaction. The addition of premullite seeds results in the nucleation of mullite from alumina and silica, and zircon does not form. At low seeding levels mullitization remains nucleation-controlled; however, once the seeding level exceeds 1–2%, this is no longer the case.

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