scholarly journals Groundwater flow modeling in the basaltic hard rock area of Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitanya B. Pande ◽  
Kanak N. Moharir ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Singh ◽  
Ahmed Elbeltagi ◽  
Quoc Bao Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Flow Modeling ◽  
Fractured Aquifer ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Observation Wells ◽  
Flow Head

AbstractThe ecological sustainable development and planning of groundwater resources is an excessive challenge for many countries currently facing water insufficiency. The main focus of this work was to determine the direction of groundwater flow, head value, and water level using the steady-state finite difference model (MODFLOW software) in basaltic formations in Maharashtra, India. The MODFLOW model was integrated with ground data using Geographic Information System (GIS) for sustainable groundwater resource management in the hard rock terrain. The MODFLOW-2005 model simulated the interaction between heads and time in 2014–18 by steady-state conditions. In this present study, four observation wells were selected. During the field survey, four observation wells have been monitored regularly as per the Central Groundwater Board guidelines. MODFLOW software has been conceptualized as a double-layered rigid and fractured aquifer area feast over 18,312 m × 11,265 m area. This research demonstrates that the integration of GIS, conventional fieldwork, and mathematical model can  support to understand groundwater demand and supply in a better way.

Groundwater Flow Modeling of a Hard Rock Aquifer: Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Varalakshmi ◽  
B. Venkateswara Rao ◽  
L. SuriNaidu ◽  
M. Tejaswini
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Flow Modeling ◽  
Groundwater Flow Modeling ◽  
Hard Rock Aquifer

scholarly journals Hydrofacies reconstruction of glaciofluvial aquifers and groundwater flow modelling in a densely urbanized area under changing climatic conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia De Caro ◽  
Giovanni B. Crosta ◽  
Paolo Frattini ◽  
Roberta Perico ◽  
Giorgio Volpi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Stratigraphic Model ◽  
Groundwater Flow Modelling

Abstract. Potential impacts of global climate changes on the groundwater are largely unknown, especially for densely populated areas where groundwater is heavily exploited for public and industrial supply. Hence, to better plan and manage the groundwater resources, medium-long term numerical modelling of groundwater flow, which takes into account climate change, population growth, and industrial and agricultural activities, is needed. The objective of this paper is to tackle three main issues: (1) the development of a robust hydro-stratigraphic model of a multi-aquifer system from a well logs database by means of a novel multi-dimensional approach which includes a hierarchical classification of the lithologies, the interpretation of cross-sections, and the interpolation of aquifer boundary surfaces; (2) the parametrization and calibration of both a steady state and a transient groundwater flow model, starting from empirical relationships (for unconfined aquifer) and step-drawdown and well tests (for semi-confined and confined aquifers) to define equivalent homogenous sub-units; and (3) the simulation of steady state and transient scenarios based on projections about global climate change and variation in abstraction and recharge rates. These issues are illustrated for the Milan metropolitan area (Northern Italy) and the conterminous Po Plain portion. The results of the model allow to analyse the major components of the regional groundwater system (i.e. public supply wells withdrawals, discharge to gaining rivers and springs, recharge from irrigation networks and vegetated areas, flow transfer between aquifers). The groundwater level rising observed in the last decades caused serious problems in the urban areas and a progressive increase in the base-flow towards the gaining rivers. Simulations including effects of future climate scenarios (2017–2030) indicate a further increase in groundwater level in the next decades at a lower rate (ca. 0.3 m/year) with respect to that of the 1970–2016 period (ca. 1 m/year), due to the combined action of decreasing withdrawals and recharge.

scholarly journals Assessment of Aquifer Vulnerability Using Integrated Geophysical Approach in Weathered Terrains of South China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1129-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hasan ◽  
Yanjun Shang ◽  
Weijun Jin ◽  
Gulraiz Akhter
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Aquifer Vulnerability ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fractured Aquifer ◽  
Formation Factor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hard Rock Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Reserves

Abstract Despite being rich in groundwater resources, assessment of hard-rock aquifers in many areas of Asia is difficult given their strong heterogeneity. However, delineation of such aquifers is essential for estimation of the groundwater reserves. In addition, the vulnerability of hard-rock aquifers is controlled by the weathered/fractured zones because it is the place where most of the groundwater reserves are contained. In this work, an integrated approach of the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), high precision magnetic, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), physicochemical analysis and pumping test data was performed to investigate the hard-rock aquifers occurring in the weathered terrains. This approach reveals seven fractures/faults (F1 to F7) and four discrete layers such as the topsoil cover, highly weathered, partly weathered and unweathered rock. The groundwater resources are estimated as a function of different parameters i.e., aquifer resistivity (ρo), transverse unit resistance (Tr), hydraulic conductivity (K), transmissivity (T), rock formation factor (F) and rock porosity (Φ). These parameters divide the groundwater resources into four aquifer potential zones with specific ranges of ρo, Tr, K, T, F and Φ i.e., high, medium, poor, and negligible potential aquifers. The results suggest that the high potential aquifer reserves are contained within the weathered/fractured and fault zones. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique analyzes quartz as the major mineral (>50%). The physicochemical and geophysical analysis suggests good groundwater quality in the investigated area. The integrated results are highly satisfied with the available borehole information. This integrated geophysical approach for the estimation of groundwater resources is not only applicable in the weathered terrains of South China, but also in many other areas of the weathered/fractured aquifer in Asia and beyond.

scholarly journals Numerical Groundwater Flow Modeling of Dijil River Catchment, Debre Markos Area, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Tadesse Ketemaw ◽  
Abdelwassie Hussien ◽  
Fethangest Woldemariyam Tesema ◽  
Berihu Abadi Berhe
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
System Response ◽  
Flow Modeling ◽  
Groundwater Flow Modeling ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Budget Analysis

Dijil River catchment is a sub-catchment of the Abay drainage basin and covers 138.28 km2. This paper presents numerical groundwater flow modeling at steady-state conditions, in a single-layer aquifer system under different stress or scenarios. A numerical groundwater flow models represent the simplification of complex natural systems, different parameters were assembled into a conceptual model to represent the complex natural system in a simplified form. The conceptual model was input into the numeric model to examine the system response. Based on geologic and hydrogeological information, confined subsurface flow condition was considered and simulated using MODFLOW 2000. The model calibration accounts matching of 24 observation points with the simulated head with a permissible residual head of ±10m. The sensitivity of the major parameters of the model was identified during the calibration process. According to the simulated water budget in the model, the simulated inflow is found to be 1.2791870E+05 m3/day which is nearly equal to the simulated outflow of 1.2791755E+05 m3/day with the difference being only 1.1484375E+00 m3/day. Water budget analysis reveals that outflow from river leakage accounts for 92.8 % of the total outflow and 14.1 % of the total inflow comes from the river leakage in the study area. Three scenarios of increased withdrawals and one scenario of altered recharge were used to study the system response. Accordingly, an increase in well withdrawal in scenario-I (existing wells pump simultaneously), scenario-II (existing drilled wells yield withdrawal increased by 30%), and scenario-III (additional eight wells having expected yield of 30 l/s drill and pump) resulted in an average decline of the steady-state water level by 1.06m, 1.68m, and 4.46m, respectively. They also caused the steady-state stream leakage to be reduced by about 2.93%, 4.58%, and 11.23%, and subsurface outflow by 9.41%, 14.67%, and 37.86%, respectively. A decrease in recharge by 25% and 50% results in a decrease of the head by 6.1m and 13.4m respectively, and a stream leakage decrease by 20.3%, and 40.3% respectively as compared to the simulated steady-state value. Therefore, adequate groundwater level monitoring wells should be placed in the catchment to control the total abstraction rates from the aquifer and fluctuations in groundwater levels.

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