scholarly journals Trunk perimeter correlates with genetic bottleneck intensity and the level of genetic diversity in populations of Taxus baccata L

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Stefanowska ◽  
Katarzyna Meyza ◽  
Grzegorz Iszkuło ◽  
Igor J. Chybicki
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Genetic Bottleneck ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Census Size ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Key message Taxus baccata remnants established recently tend to contribute less to the species’ overall genetic variation than historical populations because they are subjected to a greater impact of the founder effect and genetic isolation. As tree trunk perimeter is a rough indicator of genetic variation in a population, this measure should be considered in conservation programs. Context Genetic variation within Taxus baccata (L.) populations is not associated with the current census size but correlates well with the effective size, suggesting that genetic drift intensity reflects variation in demographic histories. Aims We hypothesize that recently established populations are subjected to greater bottleneck than old remnants. Using the mean trunk perimeter as a surrogate of tree age, we test whether the demographic history and genetic variation are associated with the mean tree age. Methods Using 18 microsatellite markers, we analyze the genetic diversity and demographic history of 11 yew populations in Poland to assess the relationship between the mean trunk perimeter and the inferred genetic parameters. Results Populations reveal significant differences in levels of genetic variation and in the intensity and time of genetic bottleneck. After excluding an apparent outlier, the genetic variation is significantly greater while the bottleneck intensity lower in populations with a greater perimeter. Conclusion Due to continuous species decline and increasing fragmentation, the non-uniform contribution of yew remnants to the overall genetic variation tends to decrease together with the mean tree age. Germplasm collections for the species should take into account tree perimeter as a rough indicator of the genetic variation of a population.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and relationship between wild and cultivated cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] as assessed by allozyme markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Eric Bertrand Kouam ◽  
Geoffrey Mwanza Muluvi ◽  
Rémy Stéphane Pasquet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Bottleneck ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Traditional Agroecosystems ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In Cameroon, cowpea plays an important role in traditional agroecosystems. Genetic variation in wild and cultivated cowpea in Cameroon has not yet been documented. Allozyme markers because of their codominance and polymorphism are useful tools for studying genetic variation and disparity in plant species. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the relationship between wild and cultivated cowpea from Cameroon. Ten enzyme systems encoding nineteen isozyme loci were used on 62 cowpea germplasm (45 wild and 17 cultivated). A total of thirty-two alleles were found. One allele was only found in cultivated samples (Enp98 ). Eight alleles were specific only to wild plant (Amp2 98 , Amp3a 103 , Amp4 96 , Fdh104 , Idh2 95 , Pgi3 92 , Pgm2 95 and Sdh95 ). Twenty-three alleles were common to both wild and cultivated accessions. Amp2 10 2 (z = −4.633, p < 0.001) and Fle3 96 (z = −2.858, p < 0.010) were significantly more represented in cultivated compared to wild cowpea forms. The mean number of alleles per locus in wild (1.632 alleles/locus) cowpea were significantly higher (t = 2.805, p < 0.010) compared to cultivated (1.263 alleles/locus) cowpea. Also, the proportion of polymorphic loci (P = 52.63%) and average Nei’s genetic diversity (He = 0.126) were important in wild, compared to the cultivated plants: P = 26.31% and He = 0.063, respectively. The low level of diversity found in domesticated accessions compared to wild can be attributed to a major genetic bottleneck that probably happened during the domestication process. Cluster analysis revealed by UPGMA dendrogram separated the 62 accessions into three clusters. Although an admixture of both wild and cultivated accessions within the same cluster were found, the dendogram, however, highlighted a visible separation between wild and cultivated cowpea. Wild cowpea with many more private alleles indicates an untouched resource available for future breeding.

scholarly journals Changes in Genetic Diversity and Demographic History of Jankowski’s Bunting (Emberiza Jankowskii), as Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA and Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Huang ◽  
Guochen Feng ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Weiping Shang ◽  
Lishi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Inner Mongolia

Abstract The genetic variation and distribution of a population depend largely on the demographic history. For instance, populations that have recently experienced shrinkage usually have a lower genetic diversity. However, some endangered species with a narrow distribution have a high genetic diversity resulting from large historical population sizes and long generation times. In addition, very recent population bottlenecks may not be reflected in the population’s genetic information. In this study, we used a mitochondrial DNA marker and 15 microsatellite markers to reveal the genetic diversity, recent changes, inbreeding, and demographic history of a Jankowski’s bunting (Emberiza jankowskii) population in eastern Inner Mongolia. The results show that the genetic diversity of the population remained at a relatively stable and high level until recently. Severe population shrinkage did not result in a considerable lack of genetic variation because of the large historical population size and relatively short periods of human disturbance. In addition, introgression and gene flow among populations compensate for the loss of genetic variation to some extent. Considering the current small effective population size and the existence of inbreeding, we recommend that habitat protection be continued to maximize the genetic diversity of the Jankowski’s bunting population.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in native and farmed populations of Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in the Brazilian Amazon: regional discrepancies in farming systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Aguiar ◽  
Horacio Schneider ◽  
Fatima Gomes ◽  
Jeferson Carneiro ◽  
Simoni Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
The West ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
History Of

The tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is the most popular fish species used for aquaculture in Brazil but there is no study comparing genetic variation among native and farmed populations of this species. In the present study, we analyzed DNA sequences of the mitochondrial DNA to evaluate the genetic diversity among two wild populations, a fry-producing breeding stock, and a sample of fish farm stocks, all from the region of Santarém, in the west of the Brazilian state of Pará. Similar levels of genetic diversity were found in all the samples and surprisingly the breeding stock showed expressive representation of the genetic diversity registered on wild populations. These results contrast considerably with those of the previous study of farmed stocks in the states of Amapá, Pará, Piauí, and Rondônia, which recorded only two haplotypes, indicating a long history of endogamy in the breeding stocks used to produce fry. The results of the two studies show two distinct scenarios of tambaqui farming in the Amazon basin, which must be better evaluated in order to guarantee the successful expansion of this activity in the region, and the rest of Brazil, given that the tambaqui and its hybrids are now farmed throughout the country.

scholarly journals Population structure and demographic history of the chukar partridge Alectoris chukar in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Song ◽  
Shijie Bao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xinkang Bao ◽  
Bei An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
North America ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Population History ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chukar Partridge

Abstract Pleistocene climate fluctuations have shaped the patterns of genetic diversity observed in extant species. Although the effects of recent glacial cycles on genetic diversity have been well studied on species in Europe and North America, genetic legacy of species in the Pleistocene in north and northwest of China where glaciations was not synchronous with the ice sheet development in the Northern Hemisphere or or had little or no ice cover during the glaciations’ period, remains poorly understood. Here we used phylogeographic methods to investigate the genetic structure and population history of the chukar partridge Alec-toris chukar in north and northwest China. A 1,152 – 1,154 bp portion of the mtDNA CR were sequenced for all 279 specimens and a total number of 91 haplotypes were defined by 113 variable sites. High levels of gene flow were found and gene flow estimates were greater than 1 for most population pairs in our study. The AMOVA analysis showed that 81% and 16% of the total genetic variability was found within populations and among populations within groups, respectively. The demographic history of chukar was examined using neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analyses and results indicated Late Pleistocene population expansion. Results revealed that most populations of chukar experienced population expansion during 0.027 ? 0.06 Ma. These results are at odds with the results found in Europe and North America, where population expansions occurred after Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 0.023 to 0.018 Ma). Our results are not consistent with the results from avian species of Tibetan Plateau, either, where species experienced population expansion following the retreat of the extensive glaciation period (0.5 to 0.175 Ma).

scholarly journals Genetic consequences of a century of protection: serial founder events and survival of the little spotted kiwi ( Apteryx owenii )

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1762) ◽  
pp. 20130576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Ramstad ◽  
Rogan M. Colbourne ◽  
Hugh A. Robertson ◽  
Fred W. Allendorf ◽  
Charles H. Daugherty
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Long Island ◽  
Genetic Bottleneck ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Mating Pair ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Census Size ◽  
Single Mating ◽  
Genetic Bottlenecks ◽  
Founder Events

We present the outcome of a century of post-bottleneck isolation of a long-lived species, the little spotted kiwi ( Apteryx owenii , LSK) and demonstrate that profound genetic consequences can result from protecting few individuals in isolation. LSK were saved from extinction by translocation of five birds from South Island, New Zealand to Kapiti Island 100 years ago. The Kapiti population now numbers some 1200 birds and provides founders for new populations. We used 15 microsatellite loci to compare genetic variation among Kapiti LSK and the populations of Red Mercury, Tiritiri Matangi and Long Islands that were founded with birds from Kapiti. Two LSK native to D'Urville Island were also placed on Long Island. We found extremely low genetic variation and signatures of acute and recent genetic bottleneck effects in all four populations, indicating that LSK have survived multiple genetic bottlenecks. The Long Island population appears to have arisen from a single mating pair from Kapiti, suggesting there is no genetic contribution from D'Urville birds among extant LSK. The N e / N C ratio of Kapiti Island LSK (0.03) is exceptionally low for terrestrial vertebrates and suggests that genetic diversity might still be eroding in this population, despite its large census size.

scholarly journals High genetic diversity and demographic history of captive Siamese and Saltwater crocodiles suggest the first step toward the establishment of a breeding and reintroduction program in Thailand

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0184526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorravis Lapbenjakul ◽  
Watcharaporn Thapana ◽  
Panupon Twilprawat ◽  
Narongrit Muangmai ◽  
Thiti Kanchanaketu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure and Genetic Diversity in Twisted-Jaw Fish, Belodontichthys truncatus Kottelat & Ng, 1999 (Siluriformes: Siluridae), from Mekong Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surapon Yodsiri ◽  
Komgrit Wongpakam ◽  
Adisak Ardharn ◽  
Chadaporn Senakun ◽  
Sutthira Khumkratok
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Demographic Expansion ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Food Source

The Mekong River and its tributaries possess the second highest diversity in fish species in the world. However, the fish biodiversity in this river is threatened by several human activities, such as hydropower plant construction. Understanding the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the species is important for natural resource management. Belodontichthys truncatus Kottelat & Ng is endemic to the Mekong River basin and is an important food source for people in this area. In this study, the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic history of the twisted-jaw fish, B. truncatus, were investigated using mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. A total of 124 fish specimens were collected from 10 locations in the Mekong and its tributaries. Relatively high genetic diversity was found in populations of B. truncatus compared to other catfish species in the Mekong River. The genetic structure analysis revealed that a population from the Chi River in Thailand was genetically significantly different from other populations, which is possibly due to the effect of genetic drift. Demographic history analysis indicated that B. truncatus has undergone recent demographic expansion dating back to the end of the Pleistocene glaciation.

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