scholarly journals Milk Feeding, Solid Feeding, and Obesity Risk: A Review of the Relationships Between Early Life Feeding Practices and Later Adiposity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Farrow ◽  
Emma Haycraft ◽  
Gemma Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Milk Feeding

Early‐life childhood obesity risk prediction: A Danish register‐based cohort study exploring the predictive value of infancy weight gain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torill Alise Rotevatn ◽  
Rikke Nørmark Mortensen ◽  
Line Rosenkilde Ullits ◽  
Christian Torp‐Pedersen ◽  
Charlotte Overgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Obesity Risk

scholarly journals Protocol for iGrow (Infant Growth and Development Study): biopsychosocial predictors of childhood obesity risk at 2 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther M. Leerkes ◽  
Cheryl Buehler ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
Lenka H. Shriver ◽  
Laurie Wideman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Early Weight Gain ◽  
Infant Weight Gain

Abstract Background Childhood obesity remains a significant public health problem. To date, most research on the causes and correlates of obesity has focused on a small number of direct predictors of obesity rather than testing complex models that address the multifactorial nature of the origins of obesity in early development. We describe the rationale and methods of iGrow (Infant Growth and Development Study) which will test multiple pathways by which (a) prenatal maternal psychobiological risk predicts infant weight gain over the first 6 months of life, and (b) this early weight gain confers risk for obesity at age 2. Infant hormonal and psychobiological risk are proposed mediators from prenatal risk to early weight gain, though these are moderated by early maternal sensitivity and obesogenic feeding practices. In addition, higher maternal sensitivity and lower obesogenic feeding practices are proposed predictors of adaptive child self-regulation in the second year of life, and all three are proposed to buffer/reduce the association between high early infant weight gain and obesity risk at age 2. Methods iGrow is a prospective, longitudinal community-based study of 300 diverse mothers and infants to be followed across 5 data waves from pregnancy until children are age 2. Key measures include (a) maternal reports of demographics, stress, well-being, feeding practices and child characteristics and health; (b) direct observation of maternal and infant behavior during feeding, play, and distress-eliciting tasks during which infant heart rate is recorded to derive measures of vagal withdrawal; (c) anthropometric measures of mothers and infants; and (d) assays of maternal prenatal blood and infant saliva and urine. A host of demographic and other potential confounds will be considered as potential covariates in structural equation models that include tests of mediation and moderation. Efforts to mitigate the deleterious effects of COVID-19 on study success are detailed. Discussion This study has the potential to inform (1) basic science about early life processes casually related to childhood obesity and (2) development of targeted intervention and prevention approaches that consider mother, infant, and family risks and resources.

Feeding forage or concentrates early in life influences rumen fermentation, metabolic response, immune function and growth of Wagyu × Friesian calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
M. A. Khan ◽  
V. T. Burggraaf ◽  
B. Thomson ◽  
P. Muir ◽  
K. Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Milk Feeding

Context Early life nutrition of calves influences their performance later in life. There is limited literature demonstrating the effects of rearing dairy calves in early life on milk with either exclusively forage or concentrate starter diets on metabolic and immune function and post-weaning growth and body composition on a pasture only diet. Aim This study evaluated the effects of feeding Wagyu × Holstein Friesian calves a forage starter (FS) or a concentrate starter (CS) for the first 14 weeks of rearing on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, immune function, growth and body composition to Week 41. Methods Group-housed calves (Wagyu × Friesian, 10 calves per group, three groups per treatment) were fed milk (2 L per calf twice daily) until Week 7, then transitioned to once a day milk feeding until weaning by Week 9, with ad libitum access to either FS or CS. All calves were transferred to graze ryegrass pastures a week after transitioning to once daily milk feeding, with starter feeds removed gradually by Week 14. Thereafter, calves were reared together on pasture until Week 41. Results Solid feed intake was lower in FS than CS calves during the first 7 weeks. Total short chain fatty acids were lower, but acetate to propionate ratio and rumen pH were higher in FS than CS calves at Week 7, with no differences observed at Week 12 or 30. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate an indicator of ketogenic ability of the rumen in developing calves was higher in FS vs CS calves at weaning. Further, FS calves had lower concentrations of circulating non-esterified fatty acids compared with CS calves at weaning. Compared with CS calves, FS calves grew slower for the first 14 weeks which was associated with lower plasma IGF-1 levels. However, FS calves had greater average daily gain after 14 weeks when on pasture and had similar plasma IGF-1 at 30 weeks and similar body weight and body composition (muscle and subcutaneous fat deposition) by Week 41 compared to CS calves. Conclusions These results indicate that offering a FS starter has better prepared calves for weaning onto pasture and potentially improved utilisation of forage post-weaning to achieve similar muscle and fat deposition and overall liveweight in both groups by 41 weeks. Implications Dairy beef calves can be successfully reared using forage as the only solid feed source without affecting their growth performance on pasture until 10 months of age. Rearing calves using forage will contribute to reducing the usage of concentrate feeds in pastoral dairy-beef production systems and provide an opportunity to fulfil the market requirements and standards for grain-free beef production.

scholarly journals HIV-exposure, early life feeding practices and delivery mode impacts on faecal bacterial profiles in a South African birth cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantelle Claassen-Weitz ◽  
Sugnet Gardner-Lubbe ◽  
Paul Nicol ◽  
Gerrit Botha ◽  
Stephanie Mounaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Hiv Exposure

scholarly journals Associations of Feeding Practices in Early Life and Dietary Intake at School Age with Obesity in 10- to 12-Year-Old Arab Children

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Khitam Muhsen ◽  
Wasef Na’amnih ◽  
Rebecca Goldsmith ◽  
Maayan Maya ◽  
Nuha Zeidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
School Age ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

Understanding the role in pediatric obesity of early life feeding practices and dietary intake at school age is essential for early prevention. The study aimed to examine associations of early life feeding practices, environmental and health-related exposures, and dietary intake at school age as determinants of obesity in children aged 10–12 years. In an earlier study of 233 healthy infants in two Arab towns in northern Israel, neonatal history, feeding practices, and health information were obtained up to age 18 months. This follow-up study assessed dietary intake and anthropometric measurements at age 10–12 years using the 24 h recall method. Overall, 174 children participated in this study. Almost all (98%) the children were breastfed. The prevalence of obesity at school age was 42%. A multivariable model adjusted for energy intake and socioeconomic status showed positive associations of total fat intake and of weight-for-height z score, but not feeding practices in infancy, with obesity. Higher gestational age at birth was associated with lower odds of obesity at age 10–12 years. In conclusion, in a population with near universal breastfeeding, gestational age at birth, weight indicators but not feeding practices in infancy, and total fat intake at school age were associated with increased likelihood of obesity.

A survey of antimicrobial usage on dairy farms and waste milk feeding practices in England and Wales

2012 ◽  
Vol 171 (12) ◽  
pp. 296-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Brunton ◽  
D. Duncan ◽  
N. G. Coldham ◽  
L. C. Snow ◽  
J. R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Antimicrobial Usage ◽  
Waste Milk ◽  
Milk Feeding

scholarly journals Development of a questionnaire to assess maternal attitudes towards infant growth and milk feeding practices

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi R Lakshman ◽  
Jill R Landsbaugh ◽  
Annie Schiff ◽  
Wendy Hardeman ◽  
Ken K Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Maternal Attitudes ◽  
Milk Feeding

scholarly journals The Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire: development and validation of age appropriate versions for infants and toddlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jansen ◽  
C. G. Russell ◽  
J. Appleton ◽  
R. Byrne ◽  
L. A. Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Structure Questionnaire ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Acceptable Model ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Milk Feeding

Abstract Background In order to measure and understand trajectories of parental feeding practices and their relationship with child eating and weight, it is desirable to perform assessment from infancy and across time, in age-appropriate ways. While many feeding practices questionnaires exist, none is presently available that enables tracking of feeding practices from infancy through childhood. The aim of the study was to develop a version of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ) for parents with infants and toddlers (< 2 years) to be used in conjunction with the original FPSQ for older children (≥2 years) to measure feeding practices related to non-responsiveness and structure across childhood. Methods Constructs and items for the FPSQ for infants and toddlers were derived from the existing and validated FPSQ for older children and supplemented by a review of the literature on infant feeding questionnaires. Following expert review, two versions of the questionnaire were developed, one for milk feeding parents and one for solid feeding parents. Data from two studies were combined (child ages 0–24 months) to test the derived constructs with Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the milk feeding (N = 731) and solid feeding (N = 611) versions. Results The milk feeding version consisted of four factors (18 items) and showed acceptable model fit and good internal reliability: ‘feeding on demand vs. feeding routine’ (α = 0.87), ‘using food to calm’ (α = 0.87), ‘persuasive feeding’ (α = 0.71), ‘parent-led feeding’ (α = 0.79). The same four factors showed acceptable model fit for the solid feeding version (21 items), likewise with good internal reliability (α = 0.74, 0.86, 0.85, 0.84 respectively). Two additional factors (13 items) were developed for the solid feeding version that appeared developmentally appropriate only for children aged 12 months or older: ‘family meal environment’ (α = 0.81) and ‘using (non-)food rewards’ (α = 0.92). The majority of factor-factor correlations were in line with those of the original FPSQ. Conclusions The FPSQ milk and solid feeding versions are the first measures specifically developed as precursors to the FPSQ to measure parental feeding practices in children < 2 years, particularly practices related to non-responsiveness and structure. Further validation in more diverse samples is required.

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