Childhood asthma- pathogenesis and phenotypes

In the pathogenesis of asthma in children there is a pivotal role for a type 2 inflammatory response to early life exposures or events. Interactions between infections, atopy, genetic susceptibility, and environmental exposures (such as farmyard environment, air pollution, tobacco smoke exposure) influence the development of wheezing illness and the risk for progression to asthma. The immune system, lung function and the microbiome in gut and airways develop in parallel and dysbiosis of the microbiome may be a critical factor in asthma development. Increased infant weight gain and preterm birth are other risk factors for development of asthma and reduced lung function. The complex interplay between these factors explains the heterogeneity of asthma in children. Subgroups of patients can be identified as phenotypes based on clinical parameters, or endotypes, based on a specific pathophysiological mechanism. Paediatric asthma phenotypes and endotypes may ultimately help to improve diagnosis of asthma, prediction of asthma development and treatment of individual children, based on clinical, temporal, developmental or inflammatory characteristics. Unbiased, data-driven clustering, using a multidimensional or systems biology approach may be needed to better define phenotypes. The present knowledge on inflammatory phenotypes of childhood asthma has now been successfully applied in the treatment with biologicals of children with severe therapy resistant asthma, and it is to be expected that more personalized treatment options may become available.

Levels of Predominant Intestinal Microorganisms in 1 Month-Old Full-Term Babies and Weight Gain During the First Year of Life

The early life gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in neonatal weight gain and later infant growth. Therefore, this early microbiota may constitute a target for the promotion of healthy neonatal growth and development with potential consequences for later life. Unfortunately, we are still far from understanding the association between neonatal microbiota and weight gain and growth. In this context, we evaluated the relationship between early microbiota and weight in a cohort of full-term infants. The absolute levels of specific fecal microorganisms were determined in 88 vaginally delivered and 36 C-section-delivered full-term newborns at 1 month of age and their growth up to 12 months of age. We observed statistically significant associations between the levels of some early life gut microbes and infant weight gain during the first year of life. Classifying the infants into tertiles according to their Staphylococcus levels at 1 month of age allowed us to observe a significantly lower weight at 12 months of life in the C-section-delivered infants from the highest tertile. Univariate and multivariate models pointed out associations between the levels of some fecal microorganisms at 1 month of age and weight gain at 6 and 12 months. Interestingly, these associations were different in vaginally and C-section-delivered babies. A significant direct association between Staphylococcus and weight gain at 1 month of life was observed in vaginally delivered babies, whereas in C-section-delivered infants, lower Bacteroides levels at 1 month were associated with higher later weight gain (at 6 and 12 months). Our results indicate an association between the gut microbiota and weight gain in early life and highlight potential microbial predictors for later weight gain.

PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DENGAN METODE DEMONSTRASI DAN BOOKLET TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU MEMIJAT BAYI

ABSTRAKPijat bayi merupakan seni tradisional yang menggabungkan sentuhan pengasuhan pada bayi yang dilakukan oleh orang tua, pengasuh, atau terapis melalui gerakan-gerakan dan teknik massage. Manfaat pijat bayi secara umum yaitu untuk membantu tumbuh kembang fisik, meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, memperbaiki peredaran darah dan pernafasan, merangsang fungsi pencernaan, meningkatkan kenaikan berat badan, dan lain-lain. Fenomena yang terjadi saat ini adalah berdasarkan studi pendahuluan pada ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 0-12 bulan di Posyandu Singosari, tidak semua ibu rutin untuk memijat bayinya, baik dipijat oleh ibu sendiri maupun terapis atau bidan. Penyebab yang sering terjadi karena alasan ibu takut untuk memijat bayinya sendiri dan tidak tahu bagaimana cara memijat bayinya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode demontrasi dan media booklet terhadap perilaku ibu untuk melakukan pijat bayi secara mandiri. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan quasy eksperiment tepatnya rancangan one-group pre- post-test design. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara aksidental sampling dengan analisis data wilxocon test. Manfaat dari penelitian ini yaitu dapat bermanfaat bagi ibu dan bayi usia 0-12 bulan di Posyandu Singosari Banyuanyar Surakarta untuk dapat dijadikan penambahan pengetahuan tentang Pijat Bayi. Hasil penelitian Ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan metode demonstrasi dan media booklet terhadap perilaku ibu untuk melakukan pijat bayi secara mandiri di Posyandu Singosari Banyuanyar Surakarta dengan p value 0,000 < 0,05.Kata Kunci : Pendidikan Kesehatan, Demonstrasi, Booklet, Perilaku IbuTHE EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION WITH DEMONSTRATION AND BOOKLET METHODS ON BEHAVIOR OF THE MOTHER BRASSING THE BABYABSTRACTBaby massage is a traditional art that combines the touch of nurturing the baby that is done by a parent, caregiver, or therapist through massage movements and techniques. The benefits of baby massage in general are to help physical growth and development, increase endurance, improve blood circulation and respiration, stimulate digestive function, increase weight gain, and so on. The current phenomenon is based on a preliminary study on mothers who have babies aged 0-12 months at Singosari Posyandu, not all mothers routinely massage their babies, either by the mothers themselves or by therapists or midwives. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education with demonstration methods and booklet media on the behavior of mothers to do independent infant massage and weight gain. This research method used a quasy experiment, precisely a one-group pre-post-test design. Sampling was done by accidental sampling with the Wilcoxon test data analysis. The benefit of this research is that it can be useful for mothers and babies aged 0-12 months at Posyandu Singosari Banyuanyar Surakarta to be used as additional knowledge about Infant Massage. Results of the study There was an effect of health education using demonstration methods and booklet media on infant weight gain at Posyandu Singosari Banyuanyar Surakarta with a p value of 0.000 <0.05.Keywords: Health Education, Demonstration, Booklet, Mother Behavior

Differences in Infant Weight Gain between Mothers who Consumed Bangun-Bangun Tea (Coleus amboinicus Lour) and Katuk Leaf Tea (Saoropus androgynous)

Breast milk is a complete nutrient content that is needed for the growth and development of children. The quality and quantity of breast milk depends on several factors, one of which is the food consumed. Efforts to improve the quality and quantity of breast milk are done both traditionally and modernly, one of which is by consuming the leaves and katuk leaves that have been packaged more practically in the form of tea so as to facilitate nursing mothers in consuming it. This study aims to find out if there is a difference in baby weight gain between mothers who consume wake-up leaf tea (Coleus amboinicus Lour) and mothers who consume katuk leaf tea (Saoropus androgynus). The study used quasi-experimental methods of both groups given different treatments. Comparison of values in both groups to determine the comparison of infant weight gain. The sample count in this study was 30 respondents divided into two groups that were adjusted to the inclusion criteria. Analyze the data using independent sample t-test. The results of the study that there was no significant difference in infant weight gain between mothers who consumed wake-up leaf tea and mothers who consumed katuk leaf tea with a p-value of 0.061. Conclusion Tea Leaves Wake-Up (Coleus amboinicus Lour) and Katuk Leaf Tea (Saoropus androgynus) can increase the weight of the baby.

The Effect of Baby Massage on Improvement Baby Weight

The problem experienced by toddlers is that growth disorders in Indonesia have started to emerge from children aged 1-6 months, so that efforts are needed to reduce the rate of growth disorders or to or to increase weight presentation. Increasing body weight is an indicator of infant health that can be used as a benchmark for infant growth. Body weight is the most important anthropometric measure and is most often used in newborns (neonates). One of the treatments that can be done to increase body weight is by giving massage to babies. Baby massage can stimulate the penvernaan hormones insulin and gaselin, so that food absorption becomes better. This causes babies to feel hungry quickly so they eat more often and gain weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of infant massage on infant weight gain. The method in this study is a literature review, which tries to explore how the effect of infant massage on infant weight gain. The results in this study indicate that the results of 6 previous studies indicate that there is a significant effect of infant massage on the increase in infant body weight. The conclusion in this study is that massage in infants can increase the baby's weight. This is because the massage that is carried out regularly on babies is used to massage the legs, stomach, chest, hands, back, and stretching movements can increase the baby's weight. The massage will cause nerve action potential that stimulates the vagus nerve.

Pediatrician’s Beliefs and Practices Around Rapid Infant Weight Gain: A Qualitative Study

Rapid infant weight gain is a risk factor for later obesity. The objective of this study was to examine primary care pediatricians’ beliefs and practices around rapid infant weight gain. Primary care pediatricians (N = 16) participated in a semi-structured interview about infant growth. Interviews were transcribed, analyzed for themes using the grounded theory and the constant comparative method then reliably coded for the presence of each theme. Three themes were identified, pediatricians (1) are uncertain about the concept, definition, and implications of excessive or rapid infant weight gain (N = 16, 100%), (2) are more comfortable with management of inadequate versus excessive or rapid weight gain (N = 10, 62.5%), and (3) perceive the primary cause of excessive or rapid infant weight gain to be overfeeding (N = 10, 62.5%). In conclusion, pediatricians are uncertain about the concept, definition, management, and long-term risks of rapid infant weight gain. Interventions to increase awareness and pediatrician sense of competence in management of rapid infant weight gain are needed.