On the Use of Classic Epidemiological Formulae for Estimating the Intensity of Endemic Malaria Transmission by Vectors in the Amazon

As morbidity and mortality due to malaria continue to decline, the identification of individuals with a high likelihood of transmitting malaria is needed to further reduce the prevalence of malaria. In areas of holoendemic malaria transmission, asymptomatically infected adults may be infected with transmissible gametocytes. The impact of HIV-1 on gametocyte carriage is unknown, but co-infection may lead to an increase in gametocytemia. In this study, a panel of qPCR assays was used to quantify gametocyte stage-specific transcripts present in dried blood spots obtained from asymptomatic adults seeking voluntary HIV testing in Kombewa, Kenya. A total of 1,116 Plasmodium-specific 18S-positive samples were tested and 20.5% of these individuals had detectable gametocyte-specific transcripts. Individuals also infected with HIV-1 were 1.82 times more likely to be gametocyte positive (P<0.0001) and had significantly higher gametocyte copy numbers when compared to HIV-negative individuals. Additionally, HIV-1 positivity was associated with higher gametocyte prevalence in men and increased gametocyte carriage with age. Overall, these data suggest that HIV-positive individuals may have an increased risk of transmitting malaria parasites in regions with endemic malaria transmission and therefore should be at a higher priority for treatment with gametocidal antimalarial drugs.

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Modeling the Dynamics of Endemic Malaria Transmission with the Effects of Control Measure

American Journal of Applied Mathematics ◽

10.11648/j.ajam.20200803.17 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 158

Author(s):

Dereje Gutema Edossa ◽

Alemu Geleta Wedajo ◽

Purnachandra Rao Koya

Keyword(s):

Malaria Transmission ◽

Control Measure ◽

Endemic Malaria

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Dynamic study of Anopheles gambiae s.l. population and polymorphism of TRP1 gene during high malaria transmission season in Bancoumana commune, Mali

Revue Malienne d'Infectiologie et de Microbiologie ◽

10.53597/remim.v0i9.926 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Mouctar Diallo ◽

Djibril Sangare ◽

Assetou Diarra ◽

Djènèba Camara ◽

Ramata Mariko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malaria Transmission ◽

Malaria Parasite ◽

Adult Population ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Malaria Vector Control ◽

Allelic Polymorphism ◽

Transmission Season ◽

Malaria Transmission Season ◽

Endemic Malaria ◽

Anopheles Gambiae S.L

Malaria vector control strategy is a key component of malaria control, it can interrupt malaria transmission. The effective use of this strategy is based on a depth knowledge of vector life cycle and the environmental factors that influence its life. The aims of this study was to determine the dynamics of the adult population of An.gambiae s.l. and to evaluate the allelic polymorphism of TEP1 gene implicate in malaria parasite lysis. This was conducted in endemic malaria areas Nanguilabougou and its hamlet of culture Kouroubabougou in the rural commune of Bancoumana between June 2014 and November 2015 during the high malaria transmission season. Mosquitoes were collected using light traps, stored in 50-ml tubes containing ethanol 70%, processed in the laboratory using PCR (DNA extraction, species identification and genotyping). In 2014 a total of 1433 mosquitoes were collected, An coluzzii was predominant 72.2% (n= 1034) follow by An gambiae 21.1% and hybrid An coluzzii/gambiae 3.1%. The same situation was observed in 2015 with 6612 mosquitoes collected, An coluzzii 72.4% follow by An gambiae 16.7% and hybrid An. coluzzii/gambiae 0.4%. Two An. arabiensis were found only in 2015. A strong presence of the genotype R1/R1 within An. coluzzii 85.2% in 2014 and 66.2% in 2015 was observed. An. gambiae was more associated with the S1/S1 genotype in 2014 and with the S1/R2 allele in 2015. The other allele were founded at low frequency. An. coluzzii is the most predominant during high malaria transmission season among An. gambiae s.l. species. It is also carried the high frequency TEP1 gene implicate in malaria parasite lysis.

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Mathematical Modelling of Endemic Malaria Transmission

American Journal of Applied Mathematics ◽

10.11648/j.ajam.20150302.12 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 36 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abadi Abay Gebremeskel

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modelling ◽

Malaria Transmission ◽

Endemic Malaria

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Epidemic and Endemic Malaria Transmission Related to Fish Farming Ponds in the Amazon Frontier

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0137521 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e0137521 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Izabel Cristina dos Reis ◽

Nildimar Alves Honório ◽

Fábio Saito Monteiro de Barros ◽

Christovam Barcellos ◽

Uriel Kitron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malaria Transmission ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Endemic Malaria

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Climate Change and Malaria in Canada: A Systems Approach

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2009/385487 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

L. Berrang-Ford ◽

J. D. MacLean ◽

Theresa W. Gyorkos ◽

J. D. Ford ◽

N. H. Ogden

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Malaria Transmission ◽

Systems Approach ◽

Malaria Incidence ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

General Assumption ◽

International Travel ◽

Malaria Vectors ◽

Social Trends ◽

Endemic Malaria

This article examines the potential for changes in imported and autochthonous malaria incidence in Canada as a consequence of climate change. Drawing on a systems framework, we qualitatively characterize and assess the potential direct and indirect impact of climate change on malaria in Canada within the context of other concurrent ecological and social trends. Competent malaria vectors currently exist in southern Canada, including within this range several major urban centres, and conditions here have historically supported endemic malaria transmission. Climate change will increase the occurrence of temperature conditions suitable for malaria transmission in Canada, which, combined with trends in international travel, immigration, drug resistance, and inexperience in both clinical and laboratory diagnosis, may increase malaria incidence in Canada and permit sporadic autochthonous cases. This conclusion challenges the general assumption of negligible malaria risk in Canada with climate change.

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