scholarly journals Attentiveness to Early Warning Drought Information: Implications for Policy Support and Climate Risk Reduction in Ghana

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dok Tindan ◽  
Divine Odame Appiah ◽  
Alexander Yao Segbefia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
East Region ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Upper East Region

AbstractSuccessful drought planning is dependent on the generation of timely and accurate early warning information. Yet there is little evidence to explain the extent to which crop farmers pay attention to and assimilate early warning drought information that aids in the policy formulation in support of drought risk reduction. A socioecological survey, using a structured questionnaire administered to 426 crop farming households, was carried out in the Talensi District of the Upper East Region, Ghana. The data analytic techniques used were frequency tables, relative importance index, and multinomial logistics embedded in SPSS v.20 software. The results show that crop farmers predominantly rely on agricultural extension officers for early warning drought information, with an estimated 78% of them paying little to very much attention to the information. The likelihood ratio Chi-square test showed that there is a significant improvement in fit as X2 (20) = 96.792, p < 0.000. Household status, average monthly income, and age were the significant predictors for crop farmers paying no attention at all to early warning drought information, while household status was the only significant factor among those paying a little attention. The drive to build a climate-resilient society with effective early warning centers across Ghana will receive 60% lower support from crop farmers paying no to a little attention as compared to farmers paying very much attention to early warning drought information. Broader stakeholder engagements should be carried out to harness inclusive support from crop farmers to build a climate-resilient society in Ghana.

scholarly journals Assessing Sexual Behavior Patterns among Student Athletes of Senior High Schools in the Upper East Region, Ghana

Sexes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Mahama Mubarik ◽  
John Elvis Hagan ◽  
Akaribo William Aduko ◽  
Kasenyi Sulley Abubakari ◽  
Oladokun Michael Yemisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Sexual Fantasy ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
East Region ◽  
Upper East Region ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sexual behavior patterns of student athletes of senior high schools in the Upper East Region of Ghana and to assess the differences in sexual behavior patterns between male and females. A sample of 400 student athletes using a convenience sampling technique from public senior high schools was drawn to complete a self-designed research study. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test tool were used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that student athletes practiced various forms of sexual behaviors such as celibacy, foreplay, vaginal-penile sex, sexual fantasy, masturbation, oral sex, and anal sex. The Chi-square analysis showed significant gender differences in prevalence of masturbation (χ2 (1, n = 400) = 4.6962, probability = 0.030) and sexual fantasy (χ2 (1, n = 400) = 6.8477, probability = 0.009), but not vaginal-penile intercourse (χ2 (1, n = 400) = 1.3197, probability = 0.251) and celibacy (χ2, (1, n = 400) = 0.0721, probability = 0.788). The study concludes that student athletes of senior high schools might be vulnerable to unplanned parenthood and are at risk of STIs, including HIV. Regular health promotion campaigns on sexual risk-taking behaviors are required to help reduce the prevalence of student athletes’ indulgence in risky sexual behavior patterns that can harm their health. It is essential to implement gender-specific interventions (e.g., decision-making skills) when addressing the problems of sexual behaviors among the student athletes in the region.

Drought Management Norms: Is the Middle East and North Africa Region Managing Risks or Crises?

2020 ◽  
pp. 107049652096020
Author(s):  
Theresa Jedd ◽  
Stephen Russell Fragaszy ◽  
Cody Knutson ◽  
Michael J. Hayes ◽  
Makram Belhaj Fraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Management ◽  
Norm Diffusion ◽  
Drought Early Warning

The Middle East and North Africa region experiences severe socioeconomic and political impacts during droughts and faces increasing drought risk in future climate projections. The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction’s Sendai Framework and the International Drought Management Programme provide a global standard (a norm) to manage droughts through natural hazard risk reduction approaches. We use participatory engagement to evaluate whether norm diffusion has taken place in four countries. Data were collected in interviews, focus groups, workshops, and policy documents. Analysis reveals incomplete norm diffusion; stakeholders subscribe to relevant values, but national policies and implementation do not fully reflect the norm. Process tracing reveals that the availability of drought early warning data is a key barrier to risk reduction. Further more, a drought early warning system would not be feasible or sufficient unless paired with policy measures and financial mechanisms to reduce the political and economic costs of a drought declaration.

Drought Risk Management in the Caribbean Community: Early Warning Information and Other Risk Reduction Considerations

2017 ◽  
pp. 431-450
Author(s):  
Adrian Trotman ◽  
Antonio Joyette ◽  
Cedric Van Meerbeeck ◽  
Roche Mahon ◽  
Shelly-Ann Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Caribbean Community ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Drought Risk Management

Drought Risk Management in the Caribbean Community: Early Warning Information and Other Risk Reduction Considerations

2017 ◽  
pp. 431-450
Author(s):  
Adrian Trotman ◽  
Antonio Joyette ◽  
Cedric Meerbeeck ◽  
Roche Mahon ◽  
Shelly-Ann Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Caribbean Community ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Drought Risk Management

scholarly journals Preparedness or repeated short-term relief aid? Building drought resilience through early warning in southern Africa

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Nhamo ◽  
T Mabhaudhi ◽  
AT Modi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Drought Forecasting ◽  
Regional Drought ◽  
Drought Early Warning

Southern Africa is highly vulnerable to drought because of its dependence on climate-sensitive sectors of agriculture, hydroenergy and fisheries. Recurring droughts continue to impact rural livelihoods and degrade the environment. Drought severity in southern Africa is exacerbated by poor levels of preparedness and low adaptive capacity. Whilst weather extremes and hazards are inevitable, the preparedness to manage such hazards determines their impact and whether they become disasters. Southern Africa is often caught unprepared by drought as existing early warning systems lack the drought forecastingcomponent, which often results in reactionary interventions as opposed to well-planned and proactive response mechanisms. This study assesses the spatio-temporal changes of rainfall and aridity in southern Africa through an analysis of long-term precipitation and evaporation trends from 1960 to 2007. Stakeholder consultation was conducted in Madagascar, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe during the peak of the 2015/16 drought, focusing on overall drought impacts, current water resource availability, existing early warning systems, adaptation mechanisms and institutional capacity to mitigate and managedroughts as part of overall disaster risk reduction strategies. Average rainfall has decreased by 26% in the region between 1960 and 2007, and aridity has increased by 11% between 1980 and 2007. The absence of drought forecasting and lack of institutional capacity to mitigate drought impede regional drought risk reduction initiatives. Existing multi-hazard early warning systems in the region focus on flooding and drought monitoring and assessment. Drought forecasting is often not given due consideration, yet it is a key component of early warning and resilience building. We propose a regional drought early warning framework, emphasising the importance of both monitoring and forecasting as being integral to a drought early warning system and building resilience to drought.

scholarly journals Selecting and Evaluating Suppliers in the Czech Construction Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Tomáš Hanák ◽  
Iva Nekardová
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Performance Measurement Systems

Selecting a capable contractor is one of the crucial prerequisites for the successful completion of a construction project. This paper addresses the issue of selecting and measuring the performance of suppliers. Using a web-based questionnaire survey, quantitative data was collected from Czech construction companies that act as main contractors and subcontractors within the supply chain. The data was evaluated by applying absolute and relative frequency, the relative importance index and the chi-square test of independence. The findings revealed several managerial implications for purchasing professionals in both areas. The findings were of interest with regard to the significance of individual selection criteria in the selection of suppliers. Data was analysed on both the usage of performance measurement systems and the frequency of performance measurement. We concluded that somewhat large differences exist between main contractors and subcontractors in terms of the use of selection criteria and that performance measurement is not universally applied in the Czech construction sector.

scholarly journals Farmers’ adaptation strategies to drought and their determinants in barind tract, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MZ Hossain ◽  
MB Sikder
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Barind Tract ◽  
Chi Square Test

Farmers’ choice of drought adaptation measures depends on several determinants that include their socioeconomic, demographic, and agricultural characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the presence of dependency or association between the adaptation strategies implemented by farmers’ own initiative and their determinants in the Barind Tract of Bangladesh. The study was mainly based on primary data collected through a household level survey using a structured questionnaire covering 400 farming households from an extended area comprising 10 Unions from 03 Districts, viz. Rajshahi, Chapai Nawabganj, and Naogaon in northwest Bangladesh. The chi-square test and Cramer’s V test has been applied to measure the association between variables and the strength of the association respectively. The study found that the nature of adaptation strategies implemented by farmers is mainly related to crop production and income generation. Their capability noticeably lacks to facilitate artificial irrigation that made them dependent on government’s initiatives. The association between the implemented adaptation measures and selected variables suggests that the farm size, irrigation accessibility, monthly household income, land ownership status, literacy level, and poverty status played significant role in the implementation of adaptation measures. Finally, limitations of currently practiced adaptation strategies and future way forwardhave been discussed for better drought risk management. SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 161-174 (2019)

scholarly journals Failure of Public Building Projects: An Investigation of Abandoned Hospital Projects in Imo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Uche Felix Ikechukwu ◽  
John Chiagoghalamuoke Ozuzu
Keyword(s):  
Living Standard ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Developmental Continuity ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Procurement Method

Failure and abandonment of government projects have been a global phenomenon. The study aims at evaluating factors involved in the abandonment of the proposed hospital building projects in the 27 local government areas in Imo State, Nigeria; with a view to developing a framework that will be used as a guide to revive the abandoned health facilities. Among the specific objectives is to evaluate the factors responsible for the abandonment, compare the performance of the procurement method used for the hospital project with other procurement methods, and to assess the effects of the abandoned hospital projects on the socio-economy and environment of Imo state. The targeted population includes the 4 members of the community government Council (CGC) and the building production professionals in the study area. Field survey research method was adopted for collection of both parametric and non parametric data. Ranking of the factors of abandonment was done using the Relative Importance Index (RII), student t-test and ANOVA were use to carry out tests on differences amongst variables of two and more than two sample populations respectively. Chi-square test was used to ascertain dependency of factors of casual relationships. Findings show that the three most significant factors that could cause the abandonment of the hospital project are; poor project implementation, negative politics practiced by the government, and inadequate structure to ensure continuity of projects. The study also finds that the failure of the abandoned project does not depend on the procurement method used. Again, the condition of contract used on the abandoned hospital project is deficient. Lowering of living standard, lack of trust on the government by the citizenry, and visual defects of the environmental are the three most significant implications of the abandoned hospital projects on the socio-economy and environment of the Imo state are. The study however succeeds in developing a framework which can be used as a guide to revive the abandoned hospital project in Imo state; through integration of structure for developmental continuity from one administration to the other, and independent body of monitoring and implementation responsibilities. It is therefore recommended that the ingredient contained in the frame work be applied in the study area.

Hubungan Antara Menyusui Dengan Involusi Uterus Pada Ibu Nifas Fisiologis Di RSIA Aura Syifa Kabupaten Kediri

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Eny Sendra ◽  
Dewi Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fisher Test ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Moment

Breast feeding is giving milk to be drunk to the baby from the breast. Uterus involution is a process how the uterus return to the condition back, before pregnanting after bearing. At the moment of suckling, happens a stimulus and brings the hormones out, such as oksitosin uses not only to stimulate some muscles constraction but also to stimulate the uterus, so that the process of uterus involution happens foster. According to the explanations above, the research aimed to know about the correlation between breast feeding and uterus involution. This research’s design was, cross sectional by the population of all childbirth mothers approximately 50 persons / month. By using accidental sampling technique we got 21 sample respondents. The place of research in RSIA Aura Syifa in Kediri Regency on 16th until 22nd of June 2009. From this research’s result, we got 14 persons (66,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a good way, one person (4,67%) with normal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way, 2 persons (9,52%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a good way and 4 persons (19,05%) with abnormal uterus involution, suckled in a wrong way. Statistic test which used chi-square test, counted the probability frequency in advance, from that we got 3 columns with the score, less than 5, so that chi-square can not be continued and by doing exact fisher test, the score was 0,001. Because P with the grade mistake 0,05 smaller, so the conclusion was “Ho” is rejected, it meant “there was correlation between suckling and uterus involution”. Key Word : Breast feeding, uterus involution

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