scholarly journals Failure of Public Building Projects: An Investigation of Abandoned Hospital Projects in Imo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Uche Felix Ikechukwu ◽  
John Chiagoghalamuoke Ozuzu
Keyword(s):  
Living Standard ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Developmental Continuity ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Procurement Method

Failure and abandonment of government projects have been a global phenomenon. The study aims at evaluating factors involved in the abandonment of the proposed hospital building projects in the 27 local government areas in Imo State, Nigeria; with a view to developing a framework that will be used as a guide to revive the abandoned health facilities. Among the specific objectives is to evaluate the factors responsible for the abandonment, compare the performance of the procurement method used for the hospital project with other procurement methods, and to assess the effects of the abandoned hospital projects on the socio-economy and environment of Imo state. The targeted population includes the 4 members of the community government Council (CGC) and the building production professionals in the study area. Field survey research method was adopted for collection of both parametric and non parametric data. Ranking of the factors of abandonment was done using the Relative Importance Index (RII), student t-test and ANOVA were use to carry out tests on differences amongst variables of two and more than two sample populations respectively. Chi-square test was used to ascertain dependency of factors of casual relationships. Findings show that the three most significant factors that could cause the abandonment of the hospital project are; poor project implementation, negative politics practiced by the government, and inadequate structure to ensure continuity of projects. The study also finds that the failure of the abandoned project does not depend on the procurement method used. Again, the condition of contract used on the abandoned hospital project is deficient. Lowering of living standard, lack of trust on the government by the citizenry, and visual defects of the environmental are the three most significant implications of the abandoned hospital projects on the socio-economy and environment of the Imo state are. The study however succeeds in developing a framework which can be used as a guide to revive the abandoned hospital project in Imo state; through integration of structure for developmental continuity from one administration to the other, and independent body of monitoring and implementation responsibilities. It is therefore recommended that the ingredient contained in the frame work be applied in the study area.

Analisis Faktor Determinan Pelaksanaan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Oleh Bidan Di Rumah Sakit Umum Anutapura Palu

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Novita ◽  
Gusman Arsyad
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

Implementation of IMD in hospitals has decreased from the previous year and has not reached the target set by the government. Some IMD implementation processes have not been carried out according to applicable standards. So that babies do not get an IMD in accordance with existing SOPs. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinant factors associated with the implementation of the IMD by midwives in the Midwifery and Maternity Room Emergency Room (IGD) at the Anutapura General Hospital in Palu. This research method is analytical with cross sectional approach. The population of this study was that all midwives in the obstetrics emergency room and maternity room at Anutapura Palu Hospital were 37 respondents. The sample in this study is total sampling. The analysis used was univariate, and bivariate analysis using the chi square test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). The results of statistical tests on variable knowledge of midwives with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.018 (p value <0.05). APN training with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.697 (p value> 0.05). length of work with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.029 (p value <0.05). and peer support with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.007 (p value <0.05). Conclusions there is a relationship between knowledge, length of work, peer support with the implementation of the IMD, and training factors that have nothing to do with IMD implementation. The strongest factor in the relationship is peer support. It is recommended that the Anutarapura Palu Hospital be able to motivate midwives so that they can further enhance their role in the implementation and provide support to their colleagues so that the implementation of the IMD can be carried out in accordance with applicable standards.Keywords: Knowledge, APN Training, Duration of work, Implementation of IMD

A Cross Sectional Analysis of Tourism Development and Social Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Tauseef AMAN ◽  
Mussawar SHAH ◽  
Humera JAMAL ◽  
Younas KHAN ◽  
Muhammad ARIF ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions and Chitral Gole National Park (CGNP) role in preservation of bio-diversity and socio-economic uplift. A sample size of 346 respondents was randomly selected from total population of 3326 from the 4 selected villages on the basis of close proximity. A conceptual framework including dependent variable social development and independent variable tourism development were taken. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, Chi-square test was applied to know the relationship between dependent and independent variables at bi-variate level. In bi-variate analysis a highly significant (P=0.000) relation was found between CGNP is main source of promoting tourism in Chitral,tourists do any impacts upon local community in terms of increased business activities, local culture is safeguarded despite influx of tourists in the area, tourism produced employment opportunities, and social development. Qualitative data supported the empirical findings, however tourism brings economic opportunities at micro and macro level, but unfortunately CGNP is not as satisfactory regarding generating income since its establishment. The government should ensure to make such polices pertaining to the entrance fee, provides accommodation services on payment to the tourists and to reserve the entrance fee or any other form of taxes to ensure CGNP to spend on self-sustaining basis by ensuring refinement in the procedures as well.

Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever Occurrence and Recurrence in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 381-401
Author(s):  
Umar Abdullahi Tawfiq ◽  
◽  
Shohaimi Shamarina ◽  
Syafinaz Amin Nordin ◽  
Mohd Noor Hisham Mohd Nadzir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
At Home

Typhoid is a life-threatening disease that has remained endemic in parts of Africa and Asia where its burden is elevated by the inefficiency of control efforts which have been hampered by lack of epidemiological data, among others. In Nigeria, such data is absent in most of the States like Gombe where the disease has been rife for a long time, hence, to bridge that knowledge gap, this study was set up to determine the host-associated risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence in Gombe. A questionnaire that was designed and validated for this location was used to obtain data from 663 respondents using simple random sampling and analyzed using the Chi-square test for association and binomial logistic regression to obtain risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence, respectively. The study revealed that occurrences were statistically significantly associated with the variables for vaccination (χ2 = 39.729, p < 0.01), having houseboy/girl (χ2 = 16.909, p < 0.01), typhoid patient at home (χ2 = 13.393, p < 0.01), hand washing before handling food (χ2 = 22.856, p < 0.01), consuming iced/frozen items (χ2 = 16.805, p < 0.01), boiling drinking water (χ2 = 49.633, p < 0.01), and eating commercially available foods/drinks (χ2 = 27.864, p < 0.01), while recurrences were statistically significantly predicted by „not sure of been vaccinated‟ (OR = 2.962, CI = 1.290 to 6.802, p < 0.01), „not having another typhoid patient at home‟ (OR = 1.799, CI = 0.998 to 3.244, p < 0.01), and „drinking unboiled water sometimes‟ (OR = 2.130, CI = 1.023 to 4.434, p < 0.01). It is believed that these findings will guide efforts by the Government for health interventions against typhoid in the study area, thus improving the quality of life for the population.

scholarly journals COMMERCIAL BANKS AND THEIR EFFECT ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES FINANCING IN RWANDA: A CASE STUDY OF KIGALI CITY AND SOUTHERN PROVINCE

AGROFOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutamuliza EULARIE ◽  
Giramata AURORE
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Southern Province ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Commercial Banks worldwide are identified to be one of the key players in the financial industry that have positively affected individuals involved in business, and the economy at large, through the functions they perform in the economy. However, inadequate financing in the activities of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is still the major constraint faced by people involved in business activities. Even though the Government of Rwanda has made effort to improve the accessibility to credit, entrepreneurs still have some challenges to access financial services in order to improve their businesses. The purpose of this research was to assess the contribution of commercial banks in financing SMEs in Rwanda. A sample of 60 SMEs was selected in Kigali and Southern Province of Rwanda. Data was collected from the respondents through a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentage distributions. A Pearson Chi-Square Test was used to analyze the relationship between commercial banks and SMEs in Rwanda. The results indicated that the main purposes of loan application were start-up capital, working capital and expansion of businesses. The results also revealed that there was positive relationship between commercial banks and SMEs in Rwanda. The results revealed as well, that commercial banks in Rwanda played a crucial role in contribution to SME’s economic development and small and medium entrepreneurs who got credit from commercial banks expanded their businesses and increased their income.

scholarly journals The performance of implementation movement restrictions during COVID-19 pandemic in West Sumatra and its impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Purnawan ◽  
Efendi Heru
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

The COVID-19 outbreak is currently spreading to all regions of Indonesia. This virus was suspected to spread from Wuhan at the end of December 2019. Restrictions on people’s movements are one of the government policies that aim to reduce the spread of COVID-19. To find out the performance of government policy, a study on the implementation of restrictions policy to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in West Sumatra has been conducted. This study used the before-after method as data analysis, then the data was examined using the Chi-Square test. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the movement of people after the implementation of restrictions movement policy was decreased significantly. The decrease in the need to leave the house was average 57.7%, frequency leaving the house more than 5 times decreased by 80%. Time of leaving the houses in the day, in the afternoon and at night decreased more than 50%, the use of vehicle modes decreased by 14.9% and the number of people traveling outside the house decreased by 23.2%. The performance of restrictions on people’s movement policy in West Sumatra was still not optimal, because many people did not know the detail of policies.

scholarly journals Impact of Microcredit on Women Empowerment: A Case Study in the Context of Chattogram District, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-136
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Social Empowerment ◽  
Women Borrowers

The microcredit sector in Bangladesh has flourished over the past few years by providing financial services to poor women who were previously unreachable, and it has been successful in meeting their fundamental needs, empowering them. This paper is an attempt to find out the role of microcredit on the empowerment of women borrowers in the context of some regions of the Chattogram district. These three Upazillas were surveyed cross-sectionally. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data during face-to-face interviews with 50 microcredit women borrowers and 50 non-borrowers from two major microcredit providers in Bangladesh. Participants were randomly selected. Data were summarized in tabular form. As a result of the chi-square test and ANOVA, significant results were observed. The paper analyzes the role of microcredit in women's empowerment from three perspectives: psychological, social, and economic. As a result of the study, BRAC and ASA microcredit have a significant role in reducing the vulnerability of poor women in the study region by generating income, improving the living standards of borrowers, and enabling these women to become more empowered by: (a) psychological empowerment by acquiring decision-making power in household activities, (b) economic empowerment by making a contribution to living standard & control over assets, (c) social empowerment by getting freedom of voice and mobility.

scholarly journals Innovation and Management by Regional Rural Banks in Achieving the Dream of Financial Inclusion in India: Challenges and Prospects.

2020 ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
Anis ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Credit Expansion ◽  
Achieving The Dream ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

The Regional Rural Banks are government-owned, regionally based and rurally oriented financial institutions specialized in catering to the credit needs of the neglected and weaker sections of the society. In the recent past, RRBs have become a potent mediator for financial inclusion in rural areas. This paper summarizes the innovative methods used by the employees of these banks in deposit mobilizations, credit expansion and recovery of the loan. The primary purpose of the research is to find the problems faced by officials of these banks in marketing their services to the rural customer. The opinions of these bank officials regarding the above factors and the functioning of these banks and their impact on society have also been studied. For this purpose, a sample of 96 bank officials of Aryavart bank and Purvanchal Bank have been taken from the rural areas of Uttar Pradesh. Methodological tools of the research methods were Frequency and Chi-square test of independence which have been used to test the hypotheses developed in the study. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the employees and staff of these two regional rural banks in the state are making their earnest effort to channelize the savings of rural people by mobilization of deposits by motivating them to deposit their surplus money in the regional rural banks. The bank officials are making efforts to extend credit facilities in rural areas to uplift the people economically. The bank officials are facing problems in deposit mobilization, and credit expansion in the rural areas of the state and they are managing these problems very efficiently. Some political interference was found in the functioning of these banks. In the opinion of these bank officials, the overall working of these regional rural banks is proper. The results of the research can be useful for policymakers in the government to understand the hurdles faced by regional rural banks in reaching to the poor and needy sections of the society. The insights from this paper can help the policymakers to craft innovative schemes which enable these banks to reach the most inaccessible customers in rural areas. Keywords Regional Rural Banks, deposit mobilizations, credit expansion, financial inclusion, loan recovery.

scholarly journals FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMANFAATAN RUANG LAKTASI DI PUSKESMAS GUNUNG PATI SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Is Susiloningtyas ◽  
Dewi Ratnawati
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
P Value ◽  
Space Utilization ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Factor ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAKMenyusui adalah proses fisiologis untuk memberikan nutrisi kepada bayi. ASI adalah nutrisi ideal bagi bayi untuk menunjang kesehatan, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi secara optimal. ASI memiliki energi dan komposisi gizi yang lengkap bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi terutama di awal kehidupan bayi. Di era industrialisasi kegiatan menyusui telah mengalami penurunan yang signifikan. Ibu yang bekeja menjadi alasan untuk tidak menyusui. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan semakin menurunnya angka ibu menyusui di Indonesia dalam 5 tahun terakhir. Pencapaian angka menyusui yang rendah telah mempengaruhi angka cakupan pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada tahun 2014 hanya berkisar 27,5%. Oleh karena itu pemerintah Indonesia memandang perlu untuk meningkatkan program ASI Eksklusif dengan diterbitkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 33 tahun 2012 tentang Pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Pemerintah telah menetapkan bahwa setiap penyelenggara fasilitas kesehatan dan pengurus tempat kerja serta penyelenggara tempat umum harus menyediakan ruang laktasi sesuai dengan ketentuan dan standar prosedur yang telah ditetapkan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah explanatory research, yaitu bertujuan untuk menguji suatu hipotesis dari hubungan antara variabel. Adapun pendekatannya menggunakan rancangan cross sectional dengan sampel penelitian 99 orang. Analisa data menggunakan analisis univariabel dan bivariabel. Hasil Uji chi square faktor usia dengan pemanfaatan Ruang Laktasi didapatkan  nilai p value 0,06 sehingga tidak ada hubungan antara faktor usia dengan pemanfaatan Ruang Laktasi sedangkan hasil uji chi square faktor pendidikan, persepsi dan motivasi dengan pemanfaatan Ruang Laktasi didapatkan nilai p value 0,05 sehingga ada hubungan antara faktor pendidikan, persepsi dan motivasi dengan pemanfaatan Ruang Laktasi. Sarannya adalah melakukan sosialisasi pemanfaatan ruang laktasi. Kata Kunci : ASI, Ruang LaktasiFACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE USE OF LAKTATION ROOM IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE GUNUNG PATI  SEMARANGABSTRACTBreastfeeding is a physiological process to provide nutrition to the baby. Breast milk is the ideal nutrition for babies to optimally support the health, growth and development of babies. Breast milk has a complete energy and nutritional composition for infant growth and development, especially early in life. In the industrialization era of breastfeeding activity has decreased significantly. A working mother is the reason not to breastfeed. This condition causes the decreasing number of nursing mothers in Indonesia in the last 5 years. The achievement of low breastfeeding rates has affected the coverage rate of exclusive breastfeeding in 2014 to only about 27.5%. Therefore the Indonesian government considers it necessary to improve the exclusive breastfeeding program by the issuance of Government Regulation No. 33 of 2012 on Exclusive Breastfeeding. The Government has determined that every provider of health facilities and workplaces and public place providers should provide lactation chambers in accordance with established provisions and standard procedures. The type of research used is explanatory research, which aims to test a hypothesis of the relationship between variables. The approach using cross sectional design with a sample of 99 people. Data analysis using univariable and bivariable analysis. The result of chi square test of age factor with Lactation Space utilization got p value 0,06 so there is no correlation between age factor with Lactation Room utilization whereas chi square test of education factor, perception and motivation with Lactation space utilization got p value 0,05 So there is a relationship between educational factors, perceptions and motivation with the utilization of Lactation Space. The suggestion is to socialize the utilization of lactation space.Keywords: Breast milk, Lactation Room

Pengaruh Pola Makan terhadap Status Gizi Narapidana Lapas Kelas II A Baubau

MEDULA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmarani Asmarani ◽  
I Putu Sudayasa ◽  
Ade Ratna Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT Background: Fulfillment of food is a human need to maintain its life and carry out daily activities, the law Number 12 of 1995 Article 14 mandates that prisoners are entitled to health services and adequate food. Research Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of diet on nutritional status of prisoners in prison Class II A Baubau. Research Method: The study was conducted in February of 2018 at the Class II A Baubau Prison Center on 132 prisoners. The research method used was observational analytics with cross sectional approach by measuring body weight and height also interview using questionnaire. The data of the research were analyzed using chi square test. Research Result: The results showed that 23.5% of respondents were nutritional status of thin, 65.9% normal nutritional status and 10.6% of respondents had more nutritional status. Prisoner diet was found that 82.6% of respondents get food according to the prison regulations and 17.4% of respondents get food not in accordance with prisons. Chi square test showed that there is influence of diet to nutritional status of prisoner shown with value P = 0.000. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research, that there was a dietary influence on the nutritional status of prisoners of Class II A Baubau. It was expected that the government and the prisons can pay attention to the intake of nutrients received by prisoners to achieve optimal prison health and coaching processes.Keywords: Prison, Inmates, Dietary Habit, Nutritional Status

Cultural Constraints To Female Higher Education In Malakand Division, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Sameer Ul Khaliq Jan ◽  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Niqab
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Educational Facilities ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cultural Constraints

The current study was aimed to analyze the Pakhtun cultural constraints in the way of female higher education. For this purpose, the data was collected through a survey instrument by snowball sampling and selected 384 respondents from Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The collected data were analyzed through SPSS. A Chi-Square test was applied in order to find out the association between independent (Pakhtun culture) and a dependent variable (low female higher education). The results show that there is a high and significant relationship between the low ratio of female higher education and sub-dimensions of Pakhtun culture i.e. early puberty, conservatism, Pardah, home related factors, Son preference, male dominancy, lack of freedom of expression for female, early/child marriage, noninvolvement of female in decision making, spending money of parents but benefits goes to husband family, non-acceptance of co-education, living in hostel of female and cultural interpretation of religion are various risk factors for low female higher education in Pakhtun society. The study recommends that the government should focus on women education, create awareness regarding female education and provide better educational facilities and incentives for women. Besides, more employment opportunities should be created to enhance female higher education.

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