scholarly journals Economic pulse electrodeposition for flexible CuInSe2 solar cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreekanth Mandati ◽  
Prashant Misra ◽  
Divya Boosagulla ◽  
Tata Naransinga Rao ◽  
Bulusu V. Sarada
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Pulse Electrodeposition ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Energy Applications

Abstract Electrodeposition is one of the leading non-vacuum techniques for the fabrication of CuInSe2 (CIS)-based solar cells. In the present work, pulse electrodeposition, an advanced technique, is utilized effectively for CIS absorber preparation devoid of any additives/complexing agents. An economic pulse electrodeposition is employed for the deposition of Cu/In stack followed by selenization to fabricate CIS absorbers on flexible and glass substrates. The approach uses a two-electrode system suitable for large area deposition and utilizes the fundamentals of pulse electrodeposition with appropriate optimization of parameters to obtain smooth Cu/In precursors. The selenized CIS absorbers are of 1 µm thick while possessing copper-poor composition (Cu/In ≈ 0.9) and tetragonal chalcopyrite phase. The fabricated devices have exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 5.2%. The technique can be further improved to obtain low-cost CIS solar cells which are suitable for various small-scale energy applications.

A novel low cost texturization method for large area commercial mono-crystalline silicon solar cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (20) ◽  
pp. 3557-3567 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Gangopadhyay ◽  
K.H. Kim ◽  
S.K. Dhungel ◽  
U. Manna ◽  
P.K. Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

Low-cost solar cells based on large-area unconventional silicon

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fischer ◽  
W. Pschunder
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Area

Raster Scanning Laser and UV Processing of nanocrystalline TiO2 Films for Sintering in Dye Solar Cells: Device Performance, Throughput and Embodied Energy

2012 ◽  
Vol 1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girolamo Mincuzzi ◽  
Valerio Zardetto ◽  
Luigi Vesce ◽  
Malte Schulz-Ruhtenberg ◽  
Arnold Gillner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Nanocrystalline Tio2 ◽  
Plastic Substrates ◽  
Dye Solar Cells ◽  
Uv Lamp

ABSTRACTA crucial step in Dye Solar Cell (DSC) fabrication is the sintering of the TiO2 layer which needs to guarantee good electromechanical bonding between nanoparticles whilst maintaining sufficiently large porosity to yield performing devices. The standard procedure for TiO2 sintering requires firing in an oven at ∼ 500°C. An alternative procedure consists in utilizing laser scanning processing which has the advantageous potential of being noncontact, local, low cost, rapid, selective, automated and scalable. We analyzed and optimised a laser process for the sintering of the TiO2 layers in dye solar cells analyzing temperature profiles, throughput and the embodied energy. The development of electronic and photovoltaic devices on plastic substrates is of considerable interest due to the advantages they bring in terms of flexibility and easy processing for lightweight, low-cost large-area applications. An alternative sintering procedure compatible with flexible substrates and large area processing consists in utilizing a UV lamp. We subjected TiO2 pastes deposited on conductive transparent substrates to UV irradiation. Fully plastic devices fabricated through this method showed efficiencies of 4%.

Novel low cost chemical texturing for very large area industrial multi-crystalline silicon solar cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 938-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Gangopadhyay ◽  
S K Dhungel ◽  
K Kim ◽  
U Manna ◽  
P K Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

scholarly journals Effects of Sulfurization Temperature on Properties of CZTS Films by Vacuum Evaporation and Sulfurization Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Bo Long ◽  
Shuying Cheng ◽  
Weibo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Vacuum Evaporation ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Sulfurization Temperature ◽  
Czts Thin Films

Copper zinc tin sulfur (CZTS) thin films have been extensively studied in recent years for their advantages of low cost, high absorption coefficient (≥104 cm−1), appropriate band gap (~1.5 eV), and nontoxicity. CZTS thin films are promising materials of solar cells like copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). In this work, CZTS thin films were prepared on glass substrates by vacuum evaporation and sulfurization method. Sn/Cu/ZnS (CZT) precursors were deposited by thermal evaporation and then sulfurized in N2+ H2S atmosphere at temperatures of 360–560°C to produce polycrystalline CZTS thin films. It is found that there are some impurity phases in the thin films with the sulfurization temperature less than 500°C, and the crystallite size of CZTS is quite small. With the further increase of the sulfurization temperature, the obtained thin films exhibit preferred (112) orientation with larger crystallite size and higher density. When the sulfurization temperature is 500°C, the band gap energy, resistivity, carrier concentration, and mobility of the CZTS thin films are 1.49 eV, 9.37 Ω · cm,1.714×1017 cm−3, and 3.89 cm2/(V · s), respectively. Therefore, the prepared CZTS thin films are suitable for absorbers of solar cells.

CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cells

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 45-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Suntola
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Cadmium Telluride ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Thin Film Solar Cells ◽  
Cdte Thin Film ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Cell Structures

Cadmium telluride is currently the most promising material for high efficiency, low-cost thin-film solar cells. Cadmium telluride is a compound semiconductor with an ideal 1.45 eV bandgap for direct light-to-electricity conversion. The light absorption coefficient of CdTe is high enough to make a one-micrometer-thick layer of material absorb over 99% of the visible light. Processing homogenous polycrystalline thin films seems to be less critical for CdTe than for many other compound semiconductors. The best small-area CdTe thin-film cells manufactured show more than 15% conversion efficiency. Large-area modules with aperture efficiencies in excess of 10% have also been demonstrated. The long-term stability of CdTe solar cell structures is not known in detail or in the necessary time span. Indication of good stability has been demonstrated. One of the concerns about CdTe solar cells is the presence of cadmium which is an environmentally hazardous material.

Recent advances in flexible perovskite solar cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (79) ◽  
pp. 14696-14707 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Susrutha ◽  
Lingamallu Giribabu ◽  
Surya Prakash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Reduced Dimension ◽  
Thin Film Photovoltaics

Flexible thin-film photovoltaics facilitate the implementation of solar devices into portable, reduced dimension, and roll-to-roll modules. In this review, we describe recent developments in the fabrication of flexible perovskite solar cells that are low cost and highly efficient and can be used for the fabrication of large-area and lightweight solar cell devices.

Epoxy Nanocomposite Capacitors for Application as MCM-L Compatible Integral Passives

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Rao R. Tummala
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Material System ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Passive Components ◽  
Capacitance Density ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Ceramic Thin Films ◽  
Low Temperature Processing ◽  
Novel Material

Polymer/ceramic composite emerges as a novel material system for application as integral capacitors for the next generation of microelectronic industry where the discrete passive components such as capacitors, resistors, and inductors are likely to be replaced by the embedded components. In this study, epoxy based nanocomposites are selected due to their low-cost and low temperature processing advantages in comparison to the traditional polymers used in the microelectronic industry today. Other potential advantages of epoxy materials could be their aqueous based fabrication process and availability in the form of dry films for direct lamination onto substrates. This paper reports dielectric properties of epoxy nanocomposites made from three commercially available resin composites (i) a solvent based photodefinable epoxy, (ii) an aqueous based photodefinable epoxy, and (iii) a non-photodefinable epoxy. Possible avenues for achieving higher capacitance density in polymer/ceramic composites for future needs have been discussed. Deposition of polymer/ceramic thin films on a 300 mm×300 mm PWB and glass substrates has been demonstrated using a state-of-the-art meniscus coater. The end goal of this study is to develop a defect-free manufacturable process for depositing and patterning particulate epoxy composite capacitors on large area PWB substrates. It is believed that the large area process will reduce the overall manufacturing costs and increase process yield, thus facilitate the economic viability of the integral passive technology.

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