Static one-leg standing balance test as a screening tool for low muscle mass in healthy elderly women

Abstract Background Identification of simple screening tools for detecting lower skeletal muscle mass may be beneficial for planning effective interventions in the elderly. Aims We aimed to (1) establish a threshold for one-leg standing balance test (OLST) time for low muscle mass, and (2) test the ability of that threshold to assess muscular impairments in a poor balance group. Methods Eyes-open OLST (maximum duration 30 s) was performed with right and left legs in 291 women (age 71 ± 6 years). OLST time was calculated as the sum of the OLST time of right and left legs. Fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), fat mass, biceps brachii and vastus lateralis sizes; handgrip strength (HGS), elbow flexion maximum torque (MVCEF) and knee extension maximum torque (MVCKE) were measured. Muscle quality was calculated as MVCKE/FFM and physical activity was assessed by questionnaire. Low muscle mass was defined as SMMrelative of 22.1%, a previously established threshold for pre-sarcopenia. Results The OLST threshold time to detect low muscle mass was 55 s (sensitivity: 0.63; specificity: 0.60). The poor balance group (OLST < 55 s) had higher fat mass (3.0%, p < 0.001), larger VL thickness (5.1%, p = 0.016), and lower HGS (− 10.2%, p < 0.001), MVCEF (− 8.2%, p = 0.003), MVCKE (− 9.5%, p = 0.012), MVCKE/FFM (− 11.0%, p = 0.004) and physical activity (− 8.0%, p = 0.024) compared to the normal balance group. While after adjusting age, the differences exist for HGS, fat mass and VL thickness only. Discussion An OLST threshold of 55 s calculated as the summed score from both legs discriminated pre-sarcopenic characteristics among active, community-dwelling older women with limited potential (sensitivity 0.63, specificity 0.60). Conclusion OLST, which can be performed easily in community settings without the need for more complex muscle mass measurement, may help identify women at risk of developing sarcopenia.

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Medical costs of a low skeletal muscle mass are modulated by dietary diversity and physical activity in community-dwelling older Taiwanese: a longitudinal study

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-017-0487-x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yuan-Ting C. Lo ◽

Mark L. Wahlqvist ◽

Yi-Chen Huang ◽

Shao-Yuan Chuang ◽

Chi-Fen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Community Dwelling

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FRI0384 BODY COMPOSITION AS A MEDIATOR IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN LOWER-LIMB OSTEOARTHRITIS: RESULTS FROM THE KHOALA COHORT

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2879 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 789.1-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Wieczorek ◽

C. Rotonda ◽

J. Sellam ◽

F. Guillemin ◽

A. C. Rat

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Fat Mass Index ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass Index

Background:Many trials investigated the beneficial effect of physical activity (PA) on physical function (PF) in people with osteoarthritis (OA), but factors involved in this relationship are poorly understood. Considering the link between OA and obesity and obesity-related disorders, body composition (BC) could be one of these factors.Objectives:To examine the relationships between baseline components of PA and 5-year PF scores, considering BC variables measured at 3 years as potential mediators in theses associations (Figure).Methods:We used data from the KHOALA cohort, a French population-based multicenter cohort of 878 patients with symptomatic knee and/or hip OA, aged between 40 and 75 years old. Baseline PA intensity (Metabolic Equivalent of Task, MET), frequency (times/week), duration (hours/week) and type (weight-bearing or not) were assessed by the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire. PF was measured with the WOMAC questionnaire at 5 years (higher scores = greater functional limitations).Skeletal muscle mass (grams) and fat mass (grams) were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 358 patients at 3 years. Fat mass index (kg/m2), appendicular fat mass (kg), % of fat mass, lean mass index (kg/m2), appendicular muscle mass (kg), skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m2or %) were calculated based on DXA data. Sarcopenia was defined according to the FNIH Sarcopenia Project recommendations.A causal mediation analysis was used to highlight the mediating role of BC variables. Bivariate analyses (multiple linear and logistic regressions) were performed to select the variables of interest. Separate generalized linear models were used to describe the relationships between PA components, PF and selected BC variables. Unadjusted and adjusted for baseline confounders (age, gender, number of comorbidities, disease duration, mental health and vitality scores) models were ran.Results:A 1-MET increase in baseline PA intensity was significantly associated with an improvement in PF at 5 years (-3 points). Weight-bearing PA was also significantly associated with better PF scores (-5 points).A 1-MET-increase in PA intensity at baseline was associated with a subsequent decrease at 3 years in fat mass index (-0.86 k/m2), an increase in skeletal muscle mass index (≥ 6%), and a decrease in % of fat mass (-2%). Non-weight-bearing PA was significantly associated with a decrease in fat mass index (-2.5 kg/m2).A 1-point increase in PF score was associated with a reduction in skeletal muscle mass index (calculated from body mass index, -0.3%) and an increase in skeletal muscle mass index (calculated from height, +3 kg/m2). The presence of sarcopenia was significantly associated with a degradation of PF (+7 points).Crude analyses indicated that 20.4% of the effect of baseline PA intensity on PF scores at 5 years was mediated by skeletal muscle mass index (calculated from height), 23.2% by fat mass index and 26.6% by % of fat mass. Similarly, 19.3% of the effect of baseline PA type on PF scores at 5 years was mediated by fat mass index and 15.1% by % of fat mass. After adjustment, we found no longer evidence of a mediating role of BC variables in these associations.Conclusion:We found significant associations between a 1-MET increase in PA intensity, weight-bearing PA at baseline and improvement in PF at 5 years, without any mediating role of BC variables. Further studies are needed to better understand the factors involved in these associations, especially psychosocial variables.Disclosure of Interests:Maud Wieczorek: None declared, Christine Rotonda: None declared, Jérémie SELLAM: None declared, Francis Guillemin Grant/research support from: Francis Guillemin received a grant from Expanscience paid to his institution., Anne-Christine Rat: None declared

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Effect of physical activity at midlife on skeletal muscle mass in old age in community-dwelling older women: A cross-sectional study

Journal of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics ◽

10.1016/j.jcgg.2013.09.002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 18-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Shu Nishiguchi ◽

Minoru Yamada ◽

Yuu Kajiwara ◽

Takuya Sonoda ◽

Kazuya Yoshimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Older Women ◽

Old Age ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Sarcopenia, Cardiopulmonary Fitness, and Physical Disability in Community-Dwelling Elderly People

Physical Therapy ◽

10.2522/ptj.20090322 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 90 (9) ◽

pp. 1277-1287 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Meng-Yueh Chien ◽

Hsu-Ko Kuo ◽

Ying-Tai Wu

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Elderly People ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Disability ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cardiopulmonary Fitness

Background Sarcopenia refers to the loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging. It is believed to be associated with functional impairment and physical disability. Objective The purposes of this study were: (1) to compare the physical activity, muscle strength (force-generating capacity), cardiopulmonary fitness, and physical disability in community-dwelling elderly people with sarcopenia, borderline sarcopenia, and normal skeletal muscle mass in Taiwan and (2) to test the hypothesis that sarcopenia is associated with physical disability and examine whether the association is mediated by decreased muscle strength or cardiopulmonary fitness. Design This was a cross-sectional investigation. Methods Two hundred seventy-five community-dwelling elderly people (148 men, 127 women) aged ≥65 years participated in the study. The participants were recruited from communities in the district of Zhongzheng, Taipei. Predicted skeletal muscle mass was estimated using a bioelectrical impedance analysis equation. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated by dividing skeletal muscle mass by height squared. Physical disability was assessed using the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale. Physical activity was assessed using a 7-day recall physical activity questionnaire. Cardiopulmonary fitness was assessed using a 3-minute step test, and grip strength was measured to represent muscle strength. Results Cardiopulmonary fitness was significantly lower in elderly people with sarcopenia than in those with normal SMIs. Grip strength and daily energy expenditure (kcal/kg/day) were not significantly different between the participants with sarcopenia and those with normal SMIs. The odds ratio for physical disability between the participants with sarcopenia and those with normal SMIs was 3.03 (95% confidence interval=1.21–7.61). The odds ratio decreased and the significant difference diminished after controlling for cardiopulmonary fitness. Limitations A causal relationship between sarcopenia and physical activity, cardiopulmonary fitness, and physical disability cannot be established because of the cross-sectional nature of study design. Conclusions Sarcopenia was associated with physical disability in elderly men. The association between sarcopenia and physical disability was mediated to a large extent by decreased cardiopulmonary fitness.

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PREDICTORS OF DECREASED SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS

Journal of Aging Research and Lifestyle ◽

10.14283/jarcp.2015.52 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

N. Shiraishi ◽

Y. Suzuki ◽

T. Hirose ◽

S. Jeong ◽

T. Shimada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Short Form ◽

Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Cart Analysis ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objective: To date, the actual prevalence of Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) loss by rigorous definition and its related factors have not been sufficiently surveyed in the community. We therefore examined the factors related to the reductions of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in older adults. Design: Case-control study. Subjects: One hundred twenty four community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years participated. Measurements: Reductions of SMM were assessed by measuring difference between SMM at baseline and SMM 1 year later, by which participants were divided into three groups. Variables of the first tertile group, who had the greatest decrease in SMM, were compared with those of the second/third tertile groups. Variables included hight, weight, body mass index (BMI), maximal knee extension strength, grip strength, lower and upper muscle quality (UMQ), 5-m walking time (WT), timed up and go (TUG), food frequency questionnaire, mini nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF), basic health checklist. A logistic regression analysis and classification and regression trees (CART) were used for multivariate analysis in order to extract variables that predicted reductions of SMM. Results: Significant differences were observed for age, SMM, UMQ, TUG, and WT between the first tertile and the second/third tertile groups, The CART analysis indicated that vitamin D intake UMQ and 5-m WT predicted significant decrease in SMM. Conclusion: The present study suggested a possibility that future reductions of SMM could be predicted by simple indices that may contribute to early detection of individuals at risk of developing sarcopenia in old age.

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