scholarly journals Effects of fractional-order PI controller on delay margin in single-area delayed load frequency control systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedat ÇELIK ◽  
Mahmut Temel ÖZDEMIR ◽  
Kwang Y. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Fractional Order Pi Controller ◽  
Delay Margin

scholarly journals A New Method for Computing the Delay Margin for the Stability of Load Frequency Control Systems

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Khalil ◽  
Ang Swee Peng
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
New Method ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Delay Margin

Open communication is an exigent need for future power systems, where time delay is unavoidable. In order to secure the stability of the grid, the frequency must remain within its limited range which is achieved through the load frequency control. Load frequency control signals are transmitted through communication networks which induce time delays that could destabilize power systems. So, in order to guarantee stability, the delay margin should be computed. In this paper, we present a new method for calculating the delay margin in load frequency control systems. The transcendental time delay characteristics equation is transformed into a frequency dependent equation. The spectral radius was used to find the frequencies at which the root crosses the imaginary axis. The crossing frequencies were determined through the sweeping test and the binary iteration algorithm. A one-area load frequency control system was chosen as a case study. The effectiveness of the proposed method was proven through comparison with the most recent published methods. The method shows its merit with less conservativeness and less computations. The impact of the proportional integral (PI) controller gains on the delay margin was investigated. It was found that increasing the PI controller gains reduces the delay margin.

The effects on stability region of the fractional-order PI controller for one-area time-delayed load–frequency control systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1509-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedat Çelik ◽  
Mahmut Temel Özdemir ◽  
Gökay Bayrak
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Stability Region ◽  
Fractional Integral ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Fractional Order Pi Controller ◽  
The Stability

One of the controllers used in load–frequency control systems is the PI controller, taking account of time delay originating from measurement and communication. In control systems, along with the use of the fractional-order controller, computing parameter space exhibited stable behaviour on the controller parameters and analysing its efficiency have become a significant issue. This study focuses on computing the effects of the fractional integral order ( α) on the stable parameter space for the control of a one-area delayed load–frequency control system in the case of a fractional-order PI controller. The effect of time delay on the stable parameter space is also investigated at different fractional integral orders ( α) in the time-delayed system with fractional-order PI controller. For this purpose, a characteristic equation of the delayed system with the fractional-order PI controller is obtained, and the stable parameter spaces of the controller are computed according to the fractional integral order ( α) and time delay ( τ) values using the stability boundary locus method, which is graphics based. Moreover, the generalized modified Mikhailov criterion is used for testing the stability region on the Kp − Ki plane. The obtained results verified that the stability region on the Kp − Ki plane change depending on the α and τ.

scholarly journals A New Method for Computing the Delay Margin for the Stability of Load Frequency Control Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Khalil ◽  
Ang Swee Ping
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
New Method ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Delay Margin

The open communication is an exigent need for future power system where the time delay is unavoidable. In order to secure the stability of the grid, the frequency must remain within its limited range which is achieved through the load frequency control. The load frequency control signals are transmitted through communication networks which induces time delay that could destabilize the power systems. So, in order to guarantee the stability the delay margin should be computed. In this paper, we present a new method for calculating the delay margin in load frequency control systems. The transcendental time delay characteristics equation is transformed to frequency dependant equation. The spectral radius is used to find the frequencies at which the roots crosses the imaginary axis. The crossing frequencies are determined through the sweeping test and the binary iteration algorithm. A one-area load frequency control system is chosen as case study. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been proved through comparing with the most recent published methods. The method shows its merit with less conservativeness and less computations. The PI controller gains are preferable to be chosen large to reduce the damping, however, the delay margin decreases with increasing the PI controller gains.

scholarly journals Fractional Order Sliding Mode Controller Fed Load-Frequency Control of Multi-Area Deregulated Power System Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2944-2949 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Sliding Mode Controller ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Deregulated Power System ◽  
Sudden Load

This paper presents a Fractional Order Sliding Mode Controller (FOSMC) for load frequency control of multi area power system in deregulated environment. In deregulated power system the design of controller is more complicated due to contracted and un-contracted load demands. This proposed controller shall take care of system nonlinearities and uncertainties under bilateral contract scenario for sudden load disturbances. The performance of proposed controller compared to PI controller and without any controller.

scholarly journals Central Tunicate Swarm NFOPID-Based Load Frequency Control of the Egyptian Power System Considering New Uncontrolled Wind and Photovoltaic Farms

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3604
Author(s):  
Hady H. Fayek ◽  
Panos Kotsampopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Fractional Order Pid

This paper presents load frequency control of the 2021 Egyptian power system, which consists of multi-source electrical power generation, namely, a gas and steam combined cycle, and hydro, wind and photovoltaic power stations. The simulation model includes five generating units considering physical constraints such as generation rate constraints (GRC) and the speed governor dead band. It is assumed that a centralized controller is located at the national control center to regulate the frequency of the grid. Four controllers are applied in this research: PID, fractional-order PID (FOPID), non-linear PID (NPID) and non-linear fractional-order PID (NFOPID), to control the system frequency. The design of each controller is conducted based on the novel tunicate swarm algorithm at each operating condition. The novel method is compared to other widely used optimization techniques. The results show that the tunicate swarm NFOPID controller leads the Egyptian power system to a better performance than the other control schemes. This research also presents a comparison between four methods to self-tune the NFOPID controller at each operating condition.

scholarly journals 5G Poor and Rich Novel Control Scheme Based Load Frequency Regulation of a Two-Area System with 100% Renewables in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Hady H. Fayek
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Non Linear

Remote farms in Africa are cultivated lands planned for 100% sustainable energy and organic agriculture in the future. This paper presents the load frequency control of a two-area power system feeding those farms. The power system is supplied by renewable technologies and storage facilities only which are photovoltaics, biogas, biodiesel, solar thermal, battery storage and flywheel storage systems. Each of those facilities has 150-kW capacity. This paper presents a model for each renewable energy technology and energy storage facility. The frequency is controlled by using a novel non-linear fractional order proportional integral derivative control scheme (NFOPID). The novel scheme is compared to a non-linear PID controller (NPID), fractional order PID controller (FOPID), and conventional PID. The effect of the different degradation factors related to the communication infrastructure, such as the time delay and packet loss, are modeled and simulated to assess the controlled system performance. A new cost function is presented in this research. The four controllers are tuned by novel poor and rich optimization (PRO) algorithm at different operating conditions. PRO controller design is compared to other state of the art techniques in this paper. The results show that the PRO design for a novel NFOPID controller has a promising future in load frequency control considering communication delays and packet loss. The simulation and optimization are applied on MATLAB/SIMULINK 2017a environment.

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