Mendelian Randomization and the Environmental Epigenetics of Health: a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grau-Perez ◽  
Golareh Agha ◽  
Yuanjie Pang ◽  
Jose D. Bermudez ◽  
Maria Tellez-Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Environmental Epigenetics

scholarly journals Using Mendelian randomization analysis to better understand the relationship between mental health and substance use: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Jorien L. Treur ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò ◽  
Emma Logtenberg ◽  
Reinout W. Wiers ◽  
Karin J. H. Verweij
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Poor mental health has consistently been associated with substance use (smoking, alcohol drinking, cannabis use, and consumption of caffeinated drinks). To properly inform public health policy it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations, and most importantly, whether or not they are causal. Methods In this pre-registered systematic review, we assessed the evidence for causal relationships between mental health and substance use from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, following PRISMA. We rated the quality of included studies using a scoring system that incorporates important indices of quality, such as the quality of phenotype measurement, instrument strength, and use of sensitivity methods. Results Sixty-three studies were included for qualitative synthesis. The final quality rating was ‘−’ for 16 studies, ‘– +’ for 37 studies, and ‘+’for 10 studies. There was robust evidence that higher educational attainment decreases smoking and that there is a bi-directional, increasing relationship between smoking and (symptoms of) mental disorders. Another robust finding was that higher educational attainment increases alcohol use frequency, but decreases binge-drinking and alcohol use problems, and that mental disorders causally lead to more alcohol drinking without evidence for the reverse. Conclusions The current MR literature increases our understanding of the relationship between mental health and substance use. Bi-directional causal relationships are indicated, especially for smoking, providing further incentive to strengthen public health efforts to decrease substance use. Future MR studies should make use of large(r) samples in combination with detailed phenotypes, a wide range of sensitivity methods, and triangulate with other research methods.

Reporting and guidelines for mendelian randomization analysis: A systematic review of oncological studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 101577
Author(s):  
Gary C.Y. Lor ◽  
Harvey A. Risch ◽  
W.T. Fung ◽  
S.L. Au Yeung ◽  
Irene O.L. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Mendelian Randomization Analysis ◽  
Randomization Analysis

scholarly journals [P3-529]: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION STUDIES INVESTIGATING CAUSAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN RISK FACTORS AND DEMENTIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7S_Part_24) ◽  
pp. P1180-P1180
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Kuzma ◽  
Eilis Hannon ◽  
Ang Zhou ◽  
Ilianna Lourida ◽  
Alison Bethel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mendelian Randomization

scholarly journals Omega-6 fatty acids and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and a Mendelian Randomization Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mazidi ◽  
Niloofar Shekoohi ◽  
Niki Katsiki ◽  
Maciej Banach ◽  
the Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Trial Sequential Analysis ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Inverse Variance ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Adrenic Acid

IntroductionThe effects of omega-6 PUFAs on the CV risk factors are still controversial. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs as well as a Mendelian Randomization analysis to evaluate the links and possible causality between omega-6 PUFA, CVD and cardiometabolic risk factors.Material and methodsSelected databases were searched until September 2019 to identify prospective studies investigating the effects of omega-6 PUFAs supplementation on CVD events/mortality. Random-effects model meta-analysis was performed for quantitative data synthesis. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to evaluate the optimal sample size to detect a 20% reduction in outcomes after administration of omega-6 PUFAs. Inverse variance weighted method (IVW), weighted median-based method, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO were applied for MR.ResultsThe pooled estimate risk ratio (RR) of omega-6 PUFAs supplementation was 0.94 for any CVD event (95%CI:0.77-1.15, I2=66.2%), 1.06 for CVD death (95%CI:0.73-1.55, I2=66.2%), 0.84 for coronary heart disease (CHD) events (95%CI:0.61-1.16, I2=79.4%), 0.87 for myocardial infarction (MI) (95%CI:0.74-1.01, I2=2.3%) and 1.36 for stroke (95%CI:0.45-4.07, I2=55.3%). In contrast, MR showed that individuals with higher serum adrenic acid (AA) levels had a greater risk for CHD events (IVW=Beta:0.526), MI (IVW=Beta:0.606) and large artery stroke (IVW=Beta:1.694), as well as increased levels of FBG (IVW=Beta:0.417), LDL-C (IVW=Beta:0.806,) HDL-C (IVW=Beta:0.820), and lower levels of triglycerides (TG) (IVW=Beta:-1.064) and total cholesterol (TC) (IVW=Beta:-1.064).ConclusionsOmega-6 PUFAs supplementation did not affect the risk for CVD morbidity and mortality. Additionally, in MR analysis we showed that higher AA levels might even significantly increase with the risk of CHD, MI and large artery stroke.

scholarly journals Which Risk Factors Causally Influence Dementia? A Systematic Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kuźma ◽  
Eilis Hannon ◽  
Ang Zhou ◽  
Ilianna Lourida ◽  
Alison Bethel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mendelian Randomization

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption in relation to cardiovascular diseases and mortality: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge A. T. van de Luitgaarden ◽  
Sabine van Oort ◽  
Emma J. Bouman ◽  
Linda J. Schoonmade ◽  
Ilse C. Schrieks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Mr Studies ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Instrumental Variable Analysis ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Variable Analysis

AbstractThe causal effects of alcohol-in-moderation on cardiometabolic health are continuously debated. Mendelian randomization (MR) is an established method to address causal questions in observational studies. We performed a systematic review of the current evidence from MR studies on the association between alcohol consumption and cardiometabolic diseases, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular risk factors. We performed a systematic search of the literature, including search terms on type of design and exposure. We assessed methodological quality based on key elements of the MR design: use of a full instrumental variable analysis and validation of the three key MR assumptions. We additionally looked at exploration of non-linearity. We reported the direction of the studied associations. Our search yielded 24 studies that were eligible for inclusion. A full instrumental variable analysis was performed in 17 studies (71%) and 13 out of 24 studies (54%) validated all three key assumptions. Five studies (21%) assessed potential non-linearity. In general, null associations were reported for genetically predicted alcohol consumption with the primary outcomes cardiovascular disease (67%) and diabetes (75%), while the only study on all-cause mortality reported a detrimental association. Considering the heterogeneity in methodological quality of the included MR studies, it is not yet possible to draw conclusions on the causal role of moderate alcohol consumption on cardiometabolic health. As MR is a rapidly evolving field, we expect that future MR studies, especially with recent developments regarding instrument selection and non-linearity methodology, will further substantiate this discussion.

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