Vulnerabilities of River Erosion–Affected Coastal Communities in Bangladesh: a Menu of Alternative Livelihood Options

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-366
Author(s):  
M. Rezaul Islam ◽  
Niaz Ahmed Khan ◽  
Md Mohsin Reza ◽  
Munshi Mahabubur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
River Erosion

Vulnerability of Forest Vegetation Due to Anthropogenic Disturbances in Western Himalayan Region of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 268-289
Author(s):  
Akash ◽  
Navneet ◽  
Bhupendra Singh Bhandari ◽  
Kamal Bijlwan
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Western Himalayan Region ◽  
Himalayan Forests

The Western Himalayan zone of India is not only threatened by rapid climatic changes, natural floods, and fires, but also by anthropogenic activities. Himalayan forests are vulnerable due to climatic changes and faced severe ecological deterioration due to anthropogenic pressures. The degradation of forests due to anthropogenic disturbances is increasing because of overgrowth of population, high poverty ratio, as well as the limitations of alternative livelihood options. Further resources from forest makes it inseparable to manage forest stands without considering the importance of socio-economic status and ecological aspects of forest management to the well-being of local communities. Therefore, the Himalayan forests and the communities depending on forests should be seen as a part of an evolving. This chapter will explore the vulnerability of the knowledge towards Western Himalayan forests and community-based management of forests. Additionally, it will sketch potential sites affected through anthropogenic pressures.

Alternative Livelihood Options of Fishermen of Nijhum Dwip under Hatiya Upazila of Noakhali District in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rahman ◽  
M.F. Tazim ◽  
S.C. Dey ◽  
A.K.M.S. Azam ◽  
M.R. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Options

scholarly journals Production and Export of Shrimp of Bangladesh : Problems and Prospects

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Secondary Information

A study on problems and prospects of shrimp production and marketing from Bangladesh on the basis of secondary information was carried out from July to October 08. Shrimp farming has emerged one of the important economic activities in Bangladesh and become the second largest export industry after garments. Shrimp aquaculture in coastal areas plays a major role providing employment, income and food security to remote coastal people where alternative livelihood options are limited. Shrimp culture system is extensive to improved extensive type with total production of 55000 mt of brackish water shrimp and 12000 mt of freshwater shrimp. In coastal Bangladesh, shrimp culture has led to many social and environmental problems. In export markets, shrimps are great but many challenges remain ahead because of increasing requirements of quality, food hygiene and development of technological and trade barriers in large shrimp markets in USA and EU countries. However, challenges lies with good aquaculture practice and competitive export, which are the effective tools for poverty alleviation and national development program for Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v20i1-2.16868 Progress. Agric. 20(1 & 2): 163 – 171, 2009

scholarly journals Pastoral Conflict, Emerging Trends and Environmental Stress in Nyangatom, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Temesgen Thomas ◽  
Taddesse Berisso
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Border Conflicts ◽  
Grazing Lands

This study examined the dynamics of conflict, emerging trends and relationship between inter-pastoral conflicts and environmental changes in Nyangatom, Southern Ethiopia.  The study employed a qualitative approach and exploratory case study research design.  The study revealed that inter-pastoral conflicts stem from multiple and compounding dynamics. The environmental change has escalated intense inter-pastoralists’ contestation and conflicts, including cross-border conflict, on the scarce and fast-depleting natural resources. Indeed, there is a causal link between inter-pastoral conflicts and environmental changes. In this regard, the environmental factor has uniquely affected the Nyangatom due to the drying of Kibish River and rapid invasion of Prosopis–Juliflora in their key grazing lands. In response to environmental stresses as part of the traditional copying mechanism, the Nyangatom cross border deep into South-Sudan to their ethnic kin of Toposa and into Kenya that usually causes frequent cross-border conflicts with Turkana pastoralists. Irrespective of discernible risk of conflicts, they used to migrate to Mursi and Surma territories that caused conflict. And yet, the Nyangatom has often engaged in frequent conflicts with Dasanach. The study suggests alternative livelihood options and an understanding of the complex conflict dynamics in view of the cause-effect relationships for future management of inter-pastoral and cross-border conflicts in the region.

A survey of alternative livelihood options for Hong Kong's fishers

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Teh ◽  
William W.L. Cheung ◽  
Andy Cornish ◽  
Clarus Chu ◽  
U. Rashid Sumaila
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Options

scholarly journals Impact of Conservation Measures over Mangrove Forest-dependent Community: A Qualitative Study Using Human Rights Lens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Kutubul Alam Siddiquee
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The Impact

Background and Research Highlights: Despite all the concerns and initiatives, natural resources like forests, as well as biodiversity are decreasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Conservation is considered as one of the major tools to prevent such loss and rapid degradation. Evidence around the world shows the adverse effects of conservation laws and policies on indigenous peoples and other local communities. Objectives: This study was conducted in one of the forest-dependent communities situated in Sundarban (world’s largest mangrove forest) to understand the impact of conservation laws and policies on their livelihood. Materials and Methods: A qualitative methodology was designed to collect data, using focus group discussions and case study with community people, and individual interviews with the personnel from NGOs and relevant government departments. Findings: Strict conservation policies and restrictions in accessing forest resources made lives and livelihoods of the local community insecure and unstable, thus putting the community in a vulnerable situation. The had to leave their traditional mode of income and look for alternative livelihood options. Almost no evidence was found in relation to upkeeping their rights in conservation activities. Prohibited movement, provision of punishment for entering into the forest without proper permission and struggles in everyday life were some of the highlighted issues. They had no participation in conservation activities, management of alternative livelihood options, and even they were not sensitized before putting restrictions. Although they had a history of emotional and physical attachment with the forest, existing activities did not consider these issues. In addition, corruption and abuse of power by law enforcement agencies towards the local community intensified the sufferings. Conclusion: This study argues that the realization of human rights in conservation activities and the sensitization of the implementing stakeholders are prerequisites for ensuring the sustainability of both biodiversity and the affected people.

scholarly journals Assessing the Alternative Livelihood Options for Climate Change Vulnerable Coastal Fishing Villages in Kerala, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 204-216
Author(s):  
Shyam S. Salim ◽  
Lina Joseph ◽  
Harsha Elizabeth James ◽  
A. M. Shinu ◽  
N. R. Athira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Fishing Villages ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Fisheries and allied sectors provide means of livelihood to millions of people around the world. In India more than 14.5 million individuals depend on fisheries for their livelihood, with Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Kerala being the main three marine fish producing states of the country. The social and economic contribution of fisheries as a sector cannot be ignored or go unnoticed. Similarly the impact of climate change on fisheries and its resultant impact on the livelihood of fisheries dependent communities cannot be ignored. To address these pertinent issues, we first need to understand the impact of climate change on fisheries and the need of alternative livelihood options from the perspective of the direct stakeholders i.e. fishermen. This study is an endeavour to look at the need of Alternative livelihood options (ALOs) because of climate change among the coastal communities in Poonthura and Elamkunnapuzha villages of Thiruvananthapuram and Ernakulum respectively. Among the 222 marine fishing villages of Kerala, Poonthura and Elamkunnapuzha are the major fishing villages from the South West hotspot locales of India. The examination investigated different socioeconomic aspects, for example, fishing  activity,  basic  household  data,  economic  as  well  as  historic  and  cultural dependence on fishing, employment and occupational structure, income  distribution  and  assets,  physical  capital,  financial  capital,  social capital, and exposure and awareness  of the fishermen families to climate change by interviewing 1259 fishermen from Poonthura and Elamkunnapuzha. The study conducted in the most climate change vulnerable marine hotspots of Kerala (Elamkunnapuzha and Poonthura) explains the problems and prospects of the inhabitants in the sector and the importance of Alternative Livelihood Options (ALOs) in climate change adaptation.

scholarly journals Community-Based Tourism as a Strategy for Building Climate Resilience in Bhutan

2021 ◽  
pp. 387-398
Author(s):  
Ngawang Dendup ◽  
Kuenzang Tshering ◽  
Jamyang Choda
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Alternative Livelihoods ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Community Tourism ◽  
Resilient Communities

AbstractGovernments in developing countries are exploring numerous ways to respond to climate change and build resilient communities and in this chapter, we examine if community tourism can be one of the alternative livelihoods. We examine the benefit of community tourism on rural poor in Bhutan using household census data from 2017. We compare households from the sub-districts that received community tourism with the households from the sub-districts that did not. We use propensity score matching methods to make sure that other than the presence or absence of community tourism programs; these villages are similar in observed characteristics. The results show that households from the sub-districts that received the community tourism programmes are 10% more likely to have more than the average number of rooms in their homes (i.e. 4 rooms) and about 5% more likely to own a vehicle. Most of the tourism initiatives in Bhutan are promoted in protected areas, and thus, it is likely that households’ dependence on the natural environment (like forest and water bodies) may reduce. Further, based on this evidence, it is also likely that community tourism may not only help poor households in terms of enhancing household income, but it may also provide alternative livelihood options in the poor villages where opportunities are limited.

Dwindling Fish Catch in Kwale, Kenya: Vulnerable Southern Coast Marine Fisher Communities and Alternative Sustainable Livelihoods

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-273
Author(s):  
Okinyi B. Nyawade ◽  
Pamela Were-Kogogo ◽  
Daniel O. Adero ◽  
Phanuel Owiti ◽  
Harriet Osimbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seaweed Farming ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Alternative Livelihood ◽  
Livelihood Options ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
And Training

Marine fisher communities of Kwale in the South Coast of Kenya have, for generations, depended nearly exclusively on fisheries and fish-based livelihoods. In recent times, dwindling fish catch has threatened their livelihoods. Diversification of livelihood sources is touted as a potential remedy, but much less is understood about the available alternative sustainable options and their viability. This study examined the potency and viability of the alternative livelihood options for the fishermen communities. It used a cross-sectional descriptive survey design premised on mixed qualitative and quantitative methods to collect and analyse the data from 346 randomly selected households. Emerging livelihood options with potency for adoption include apiculture, seaweed farming, agriculture, small business enterprises and mangrove conservation, among others. Preference is given to supplemental livelihood sources as opposed to alternative livelihoods. Implications for policy include the need for public extension services and training to invigorate households’ income.

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