Cadmium exposure alters steroid receptors and proinflammatory cytokine levels in endothelial cells in vitro: a potential mechanism of endocrine disruptor atherogenic effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fittipaldi ◽  
V. M. Bimonte ◽  
A. Soricelli ◽  
A. Aversa ◽  
A. Lenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Cytokine Levels

scholarly journals Marinobufagenin Inhibits Neutrophil Migration and Proinflammatory Cytokines

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyse C. M. Carvalho ◽  
Luiz Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva ◽  
Éssia de A. Lima ◽  
José G. F. M. Galvão ◽  
Anne K. de A. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cardiotonic steroids, such as ouabain and digoxin, are known to bind to Na+/K+-ATPase and to promote several biological activities, including anti-inflammatory activity. However, there are still no reports in the literature about inflammation and marinobufagenin, a cardiotonic steroid from the bufadienolide family endogenously found in mammals. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyze, in vivo and in vitro, the role of marinobufagenin in acute inflammation. Swiss mice were treated with 0.56 mg/kg of marinobufagenin intraperitoneally (i.p.) and zymosan (2 mg/mL, i.p.) was used to induce peritoneal inflammation. Peritoneal fluid was collected and used for counting cells by optical microscopy and proinflammatory cytokine quantification (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Zymosan stimulation, as expected, induced increased cell migration and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the peritoneum. Marinobufagenin treatment reduced polymorphonuclear cell migration and IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the peritoneal cavity, without interfering in TNF-α levels. In addition, the effect of marinobufagenin was evaluated using peritoneal macrophages stimulated by zymosan (0.2 mg/mL) in vitro. Marinobufagenin treatment at different concentrations (10, 100, 1000, and 10000 nM) showed no cytotoxic effect on peritoneal macrophages. Interestingly, the lowest concentration, which did not inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase activity, attenuated proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. To investigate the putative mechanism of action of marinobufagenin, the expression of surface molecules (TLR2 and CD69) and P-p38 MAPK were also evaluated, but no significant effect was observed. Thus, our results suggest that marinobufagenin has an anti-inflammatory role in vivo and in vitro and reveals a novel possible endogenous function of this steroid in mammals.

scholarly journals 15-Deoxy-γ12,14-prostaglandin J2 Reduces Liver Impairment in a Model of ConA-Induced Acute Hepatic Inflammation by Activation of PPARγand Reduction in NF-κB Activity

PPAR Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Chen ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Junshan Wang ◽  
Yujing Xia ◽  
Weiqi Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Hepatic Inflammation ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Liver Impairment ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Prostaglandin J2

Objective. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) reduces inflammation and has been identified as an anti-inflammatory prostaglandin in numerous animal models. In this study, we investigated both effects of 15d-PGJ2 and its protection mechanism in concanavalin A- (ConA-) induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice.Materials and Methods. In vivo, Balb/C mice were injected with ConA (25 mg/kg) to induce acute autoimmune hepatitis, and 15d-PGJ2 (10 μg or 25 μg) was administered 1 h before the ConA injection. The histological grade, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and NF-κB and PPARγactivity were determined 6, 12, and 24 h after the ConA injection. In vitro, LO2 cells and RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 15d-PGJ2 (2 μM) 1 h before the stimulation with ConA (30 μg/mL). The NF-κB and PPARγactivity were determined 30 min after the ConA administration.Results. Pretreatment with 15d-PGJ2 reduced the pathological effects of ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis and significantly reduced the levels of cytokines after injection. 15d-PGJ2 activated PPARγ, blocked the degradation of IκBα, and inhibited the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus.Conclusion. These results indicate that 15d-PGJ2 protects against ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis by reducing proinflammatory cytokines. This reduction in inflammation may correlate with the activation of PPARγand the reduction in NF-κB activity.

scholarly journals β-lactam Antibiotics Stimulate the Pathogenicity of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Via SarA-controlled Tandem Lipoprotein Expression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilong Shang ◽  
Yifan Rao ◽  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Qiwen Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Abscess Formation ◽  
Global Regulator ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations

AbstractMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. MRSA resists nearly all β-lactam antibiotics that have a bactericidal activity and a signal inducer effect. However, studies have yet to clarify whether the inducer effect of empirically used β-lactams stimulates MRSA pathogenicity in vivo. Here, we showed that a new cluster of tandem lipoprotein genes (tlpps) was upregulated in MRSA in response to the subinhibitory concentrations of β-lactam induction. The increased Tlpps significantly altered immune responses by macrophages with high IL-6 and TNFα levels. The deletion of the tlpps mutant (N315Δtlpps) significantly decreased the proinflammatory cytokine levels in vitro and in vivo. The bacterial loads of N315Δtlpps in the mouse kidney were also reduced compared with those of the wild type N315. The β-lactam-treated MRSA exacerbated cutaneous infections with increased lesion size, extended illness, and flake-like abscess-formation compared with those of the nontreatment. The β-lactam antibiotics that promoted the MRSA pathogenicity were SarA dependent, and the increasing expression of tlpps after β-lactam treatment was directly controlled by the global regulator SarA. Overall, our findings suggested that β-lactams should be used carefully because it might lead to a worse outcome of MRSA infection than inaction in the treatment.Author summaryβ-lactams are widely used in practice to treat infectious diseases, however, β-lactams worsening the outcome of a certain disease is poorly understood. In this study, we have identified a new cluster of tandem lipoprotein genes (tlpps) that is upregulated in the major clinically prevalent MRSA clones in response to the subinhibitory concentrations of β-lactams induction. The major highlight in this work is that β-lactams induce SarA expression, and then SarA directly binds to the tlpp cluster promoter region and upregulates the tlpp expression in MRSA. Moreover, the β-lactam stimulated Tlpps are important virulence factors that enhance MRSA pathogenicity. The deletion of the tlpps mutant significantly decreases the proinflammatory cytokine levels in vitro and in vivo. The β-lactam induced Tlpps enhance the host inflammatory responses by triggering the expression of IL-6 and TNFα, thereby promoting bacterial colonization and abscess formation. These data elucidate that β-lactams can worsen the outcome of MRSA infection through the induction of tlpps that are controlled by the global regulator SarA.

scholarly journals Preeclamptic sera induce nephrin shedding from podocytes through endothelin-1 release by endothelial glomerular cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. F1185-F1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Collino ◽  
Benedetta Bussolati ◽  
Elisa Gerbaudo ◽  
Luca Marozio ◽  
Simona Pelissetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Glomerular Permeability ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Glomerular Endothelial Cells

In preeclampsia (PE), proteinuria has been associated with a reduced expression of nephrin by podocytes. In the present study, we investigated in vitro on human cultured podocytes the mechanism responsible for nephrin loss in PE. Sera from patients with PE did not directly downregulate the expression of nephrin. In contrast, conditioned medium obtained from glomerular endothelial cells incubated with PE sera induced loss of nephrin and synaptopodin, but not of podocin, from podocytes. Nephrin loss was related to a rapid shedding of the protein from the cell surface due to cleavage of its extracellular domain by proteases and to cytoskeleton redistribution. The absence of nephrin mRNA downregulation together with nephrin reexpression within 24 h confirm that the loss of nephrin was not related to a reduced synthesis. Studies with an endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor antagonist that abrogated the loss of nephrin triggered by glomerular endothelial conditioned medium of PE sera indicated that ET-1 was the main effector of nephrin loss. Indeed, ET-1 was synthesized and released from glomerular endothelial cells when incubated with PE sera, and recombinant ET-1 triggered nephrin shedding from podocytes. Moreover, VEGF blockade induced ET-1 release from endothelial cells, and in turn the conditioned medium obtained triggered nephrin loss. In conclusion, the present study identifies a potential mechanism of nephrin loss in PE that may link endothelial injury with enhanced glomerular permeability.

scholarly journals Regulation of Interleukin-8 Expression in Human Endometrial Endothelial Cells: A Potential Mechanism for the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1805-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle Luk ◽  
Yasemin Seval ◽  
Umit A. Kayisli ◽  
Murat Ulukus ◽  
Cagnur E. Ulukus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Eutopic Endometrium ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
The Relationship

The elevation of the proinflammatory chemoattractant cytokine levels in ectopic and eutopic endometrium of endometriosis implies an inflammatory basis for this disease. The relationship between endothelial cells and leukocytes is likely to be important in the regulation of inflammatory mediators of endometriosis. The aim of this study was to describe the temporal and spatial expression of IL-8 in human endometrial endothelial cells (HEEC) in vivo and to compare the in vitro regulation of IL-8 expression by sex steroids in HEEC from women with or without endometriosis. Eutopic endometrial tissues and endometriosis implants were grouped according to menstrual cycle phase and examined by immunohistochemistry for IL-8 expression. Endothelial cells of endometriotic implants expressed higher IL-8 immunoreactivity compared with endothelial cells of eutopic endometrium from women with or without endometriosis (P < 0.02). For in vitro studies, HEEC were isolated from women with or without endometriosis and grown to preconfluence. The purity of cultured HEEC (90–95%) was confirmed by immunocytochemistry using endothelium-specific markers, CD31 and CD146. The effects of estradiol (5 × 10−8m), progesterone (10−7m), or both on IL-8 mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Sex steroids reduced the expression of IL-8 mRNA and protein in HEEC from women without endometriosis. In contrast, both estradiol and progesterone stimulated IL-8 mRNA and protein expression in HEEC from women with endometriosis. We postulate that the stimulation of chemokine expression by sex steroids in HEEC of women with endometriosis may play a role in the inflammatory aspect of this disease.

scholarly journals The MAO Inhibitor Tranylcypromine Alters LPS- and Aβ-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Responses in Wild-type Mice and a Mouse Model of AD

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1982
Author(s):  
HyunHee Park ◽  
Kyung-Min Han ◽  
Hyongjun Jeon ◽  
Ji-Soo Lee ◽  
Hyunju Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mao Inhibitor ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Bv2 Microglial Cells

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) has been implicated in neuroinflammation, and therapies targeting MAO are of interest for neurodegenerative diseases. The small-molecule drug tranylcypromine, an inhibitor of MAO, is currently used as an antidepressant and in the treatment of cancer. However, whether tranylcypromine can regulate LPS- and/or Aβ-induced neuroinflammation in the brain has not been well-studied. In the present study, we found that tranylcypromine selectively altered LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine levels in BV2 microglial cells but not primary astrocytes. In addition, tranylcypromine modulated LPS-mediated TLR4/ERK/STAT3 signaling to alter neuroinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells. Importantly, tranylcypromine significantly reduced microglial activation as well as proinflammatory cytokine levels in LPS-injected wild-type mice. Moreover, injection of tranylcypromine in 5xFAD mice (a mouse model of AD) significantly decreased microglial activation but had smaller effects on astrocyte activation. Taken together, our results suggest that tranylcypromine can suppress LPS- and Aβ-induced neuroinflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo.

Ultrastructural studies on the interaction of haemophilus influenzae with human endothelial cells in vitro

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D.J.P. Ferguson ◽  
M. Virji ◽  
H. Kayhty ◽  
E.R. Moxon
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Endothelial Barriers ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Meningitis In Children ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial

Haemophilus influenzae is a human pathogen which causes meningitis in children. Systemic H. influenzae infection is largely confined to encapsulated serotype b organisms and is a major cause of meningitis in the U.K. and elsewhere. However, the pathogenesis of the disease is still poorly understood. Studies in the infant rat model, in which intranasal challenge results in bacteraemia, have shown that H. influenzae enters submucosal tissues and disseminates to the blood stream within minutes. The rapidity of these events suggests that H. influenzae penetrates both respiratory epithelial and endothelial barriers with great efficiency. It is not known whether the bacteria penetrate via the intercellular junctions, are translocated within the cells or carried across the cellular barrier in 'trojan horse' fashion within phagocytes. In the present studies, we have challenged cultured human umbilical cord_vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with both capsulated (b+) and capsule-deficient (b-) isogenic variants of one strain of H. influenzae in order to investigate the interaction between the bacteria and HUVEC and the effect of the capsule.

Adverse Influence of Cigarette Smoking on the Endothelium

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (04) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D Blann ◽  
Charles N McCollum
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

SummaryThe effect of smoking on the blood vessel intima was examined by comparing indices of endothelial activity in serum from smokers with that from non-smokers. Serum from smokers contained higher levels of von Willebrand factor (p <0.01), the smoking markers cotinine (p <0.02) and thiocyanate (p <0.01), and was more cytotoxic to endothelial cells in vitro (p <0.02) than serum from non-smokers. The acute effects of smoking two unfiltered medium tar cigarettes was to briefly increase von Willebrand factor (p <0.001) and cytotoxicity of serum to endothelial cells in vitro (p <0.005), but lipid peroxides or thiocyanate were not increased by this short exposure to tobacco smoke. Although there were correlations between von Willebrand factor and smokers consumption of cigarettes (r = 0.28, p <0.02), number of years smoking (r = 0.41, p <0.001) and cotinine (r = 0.45, p <0.01), the tissue culture of endothelial cells with physiological levels of thiocyanate or nicotine suggested that these two smoking markers were not cytotoxic. They are therefore unlikely to be directly responsible for increased von Willebrand factor in the serum of smokers. We suggest that smoking exerts a deleterious influence on the endothelium and that the mechanism is complex.

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