scholarly journals Hamster numbers: biopolitics and animal agency in the dutch fields, circa 1870-present

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raf De Bont
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Cricetus Cricetus ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Animal Agency

AbstractNumbers of European hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) in the Dutch Province of Limburg have been subject to much scrutiny and controversy. In the late nineteenth century, policymakers who considered them too numerous (and invasive) set up eradication programs. In the second half of the twentieth century, even when its domestic relative (Mesocricetus auratus) increasingly circulated as a pet in urban spaces, the numbers of European hamsters in the rural areas collapsed. Large-scale preservation campaigns and reintroduction programs ensued. According to some media, all this has turned the European hamster into the most expensive undomesticated animal of the Netherlands. A whole network of institutions became involved to save the species – ranging from local activist organizations, over zoos and universities, to federal ministries and international organizations. The interactions between the Dutch and ‘their’ hamsters, this article argues, were inscribed in various forms of biopolitics. The article highlights the changing discursive framings and spatial practices that have shaped the management of Cricetus cricetus over time and calls attention to the diversity of living and non-living agents that produced the multispecies choreographies of the present-day Limburg landscape. Finally, it alerts us to the (sometimes-paradoxical) kinds of agency that reside in the numbers of non-human animals.

The Emergence and Social Function of Chinese Religious Associations in Singapore

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Topley
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
Singapore Chinese ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Set Up

The majority of Singapore Chinese originate from the rural areas of Kwangtung and Fukien provinces. They had already started to immigrate in relatively large numbers by the late nineteenth century, that is before the traditional society of the countryside had been greatly disturbed by new political events and ideas. The social systems Chinese developed in Singapore therefore have been considerably influenced by those existing in “traditional” times in the homeland. Yet they have also been very much modified by the new social environment of Singapore. Overseas Chinese have been free to associate according to a number of principles not open to them in their home villages. New alignments have resulted from the immigration of a body of people of diverse origins and from the heterogenous structure of urban occupations. They become manifest in organisations set up for a number of different kinds of activity.

The Revolutionary Base Areas of Can Vuong Movement in Quang Nam

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen Minh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
French Military ◽  
Late Nineteenth

After failing to attack on French military at Kham Su and Mang Ca on July 5, 1885, Ton That Thuyet took the Emperor Ham Nghi into hiding, and then later led the Can Vuong movement which was a large-scale Vietnamese patriotic movement. Quang Nam is one of the regions that strongly responded to the Can Vuong movement under the leadership of Nghia Hoi. The process of operation and development of the Can Vuong movement in Quang Nam pertained to the revolutionary base areas and names of many politicians. This research investigates the revolutionary base areas of the Can Vuong movement in Quang Nam, and also clarifies the contribution of the Can Vuong movement in Quang Nam to the Can Vuong movement of our country in the late nineteenth century.

Dazzling the Multitude Original Media Spectacles

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Marvin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Words And Images ◽  
Point To Point

Anthropologists and literary theorists are fond of emphasizing the particularistic and dramatic dimensions of lived communication. The particularistic dimension of communication is constituted in whatever of its aspects have the most individually intimate meaning for us. The dramatic dimension is the shared emotional character of a communicated message, displayed and sometimes exaggerated for consumption by a public. Its dramatic appeal and excitement depend partly on the knowledge that others are also watching with interest. Such dimensions have little in common with abstractions about information and efficiency that characterize contemporary discussion about new communications technologies, but may be closer to the real standards by which we judge media and the social worlds they invade, survey, and create. Media, of course, are devices that mediate experience by re-presenting messages originally in a different mode. In the late nineteenth century, experts convinced of the power of new technologies to repackage human experience and to multiply it for many presentations labored to enhance the largest, most dramatically public of messages, and the smallest, most intimately personal ones, by applying new media technologies to a range of modes from private conversation to public spectacle, that special large-scale display event intended for performance before spectators. In the late nineteenth century, intimate communication at a distance was achieved, or at least approximated, by the fledgling telephone. The telephone of this era was not a democratic medium. Spectacles, by contrast, were easily accessible and enthusiastically relished by their nineteenth-century audiences. Their drama was frequently embellished by illuminated effects that inspired popular fantasies about message systems of the future, perhaps with giant beams of electric light projecting words and images on the clouds. Mass distribution of electric messages in this fashion was indeed one pole of the range of imaginative possibilities dreamt by our ancestors for twentieth-century communication. Equally absorbing was the fantasy of effortless point-to-point communication without wires, where no physical obstacle divided the sympathy of minds desiring mutual communion.

The Function of Commercial Streets in Montreal and Paris, 1853-1936

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1131-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Lord
Keyword(s):  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Pedestrian Street

Urban spaces and streets have been studied in a variety of ways in Montreal and Paris, but rarely have historians examined the specific relationship between the function of the street and social usage to reflect changes over time. The argument here is for an analytical approach to photographs combined with textual evidence to reveal the urban processes affecting the retail streets of rue Notre-Dame and rue Sainte-Catherine in Montreal, the through street of Boulevard de Sébastopol, and the pedestrian street of rue Mouffetard in Paris. Photographs reflect the success of modern urban transformations to rework the images of the city from various perspectives and for different purposes. They include the bourgeois female shopper on the late nineteenth-century retail and through streets, female retail and office workers interspersed among men on early twentieth-century rue Sainte-Catherine, and the agency of working-class women in the market transactions and peddler trades of rue Mouffetard.

Customary Rightholders and Legal Claimants to Land in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1870-1890

1992 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Priscilla Smith Naro
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

The transition from slave to free labor in the Americas involved many and varied forms of internal labor and land adjustments which affected slaves, landless farmers, and large scale producers in rural areas. Unlike Haiti and the United States South, the Brazilian process of emancipation was gradual and did not involve violent structural ruptures with the past. The Land Law of 1850, the Law of the Free Womb of 1871 and the 1885 Sexagenarian Law marked fundamental phases in an ongoing process of state participation in the organization of the free labor market, which culminated in Abolition on 13 May 1888, and the onset of the Republic on 15 November of the following year. Current analyses of the late nineteenth century emphasize continuity and define the state as its own agent, embarking on a course of conservative modernization which unfolded during the process of transition from the liberalism of a nineteenth-century empire to the interventionist Republic which was ushered in, in 1889. The planter class, joined with emerging but weak Brazilian industrial and financial sectors and upheld by the military, contributed to an Estado Oligárquico, in Marcelo Carmagnani's terminology, linked by coffee production into the world economy as a flourishing dependent peripheral economy. But the process, which until recently was associated with the coffee export sector and its relation to urbanization and industrialization, has now taken on broader dimensions. A developed domestic economy, composed of a complex and sophisticated internal food supply network, operated alongside the export economy throughout the nineteenth century. Although unstudied from the political perspective of small-scale food producers who were displaced by the coffee economy, the broader issue of food provision could not be dissociated from conservative modernization, the basic issues of which would be carried forth during the course of the First Republic in the form of “Ruralismo.”

Geographies of Intimacy in Mary Wilkins Freeman's Short Fiction

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-463
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ansley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Short Fiction ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Subsistence Labor

Situated within late nineteenth-century economic changes that transformed rural and urban spaces, Mary Wilkins Freeman's regionalist fiction imagines rural female-centered communities that I define as queer. Unlike emergent urban-centered gay and lesbian social formations, these communities are alienated from both normative reproduction and capitalist accumulation and are sustained by subsistence labor.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Dixa Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
World Order ◽  
Central Place ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black Subjectivity ◽  
Black Freedom ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The U.S

The introduction outlines the book’s claims, including the main contention that dominant Western discourses ghosted the Dominican Republic despite its central place in the colonial architecture of the Americas. Because the chapters focus on how Dominicans negotiated this large-scale ghosting from the late nineteenth century onwards, the introduction describes the free black subjectivity that predominated during the centuries prior. The other sections of the introduction define “ghosting” against other terms such as erasure, silencing, trauma, or even haunting; the gendered dimensions of the forms of black freedom that predominated in the territory; and the gendered and classed dimensions of the shift from this historical singularity to the present day commonplaceness when the Dominican Republic is another Caribbean nation embroiled in a neoliberal world order and with a vast emigrant population living in places such as the U.S. and Europe.

Remembering Anna Ott

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Kim E. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Nineteenth Century United States

This chapter analyses the messy impact of historical forces such as ableism, patriarchy, and institutionalization on Ott’s life. The justifying logic imbedded in her diagnosis and prescriptive institutionalization (re)wrote her life story—her past, her future, and how she would be remembered. The ableism undergirding Ott’s insanity diagnosis permeated legal, familial, and activist contexts both outside and inside the walls of medicine in the late nineteenth-century United States. The chapter then argues for biography as a powerful methodology to forefront lived experiences while simultaneously embedding those lived experiences in large-scale social and historical structures.

scholarly journals Who Were the Gilders? And Other Seldom-Asked Questions about Business, Technology, and Political Economy in the United States, 1877–1900

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. John
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Electric Power Grid ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Business Technology

Historians of the United States have for many decades termed the late nineteenth century the “Gilded Age.” No consensus exists as to when this period began and ended, or how it might best be characterized. Most textbook authors place the origins of the Gilded Age around 1877 and its demise around 1900. Few would deny that this period witnessed a host of epochal innovations that included the rise of the modern industrial corporation, the building of large-scale technical systems, including the electric power grid, and the creation of governmental institutions that were conducive to rapid industrialization. Yet the significance of these innovations remained a matter of dispute.

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