Extraction of Scandium from Critical Elements-Bearing Mining Waste: Silica Gel Avoiding in Leaching Reaction of Bauxite Residue

Abstract One of the critical elements of an adsorption desalination system is the adsorption bed. System dynamics of a 2-bed single-stage silica gel plus water-based AD system was analyzed. A great pattern is expanded using energy conservation and mass connected with the kinetics of the ad- sorption/desorption process. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was handled for simulation of the adsorption process for a rectangular finned tube-based adsorption bed featured with silica gel adsorbent substance. For the simulation, the adsorbents were considered as a solid volume with defined porosity based on Darcy equation. The adsorption and desorption mode of the adsorption bed was simulated. The CFD techniques were then applied to study fin thickness and fin height. The results showed that decreasing the fin thickness increased the water uptake by up to 8% and decreased the fin height from 30mm to 20mm, which resulted in an increase of the water uptake up to 17%. The CFD technique was also used to investigate the effect of plate type on the adsorption bed performance. The results showed that the copper plate improved the water uptake up to 9%. The copper plate decreased the temperature of the adsorption bed up to 11% more than the aluminum plate.

Download Full-text

The Potential for REE and Associated Critical Metals in Karstic Bauxites and Bauxite Residue of Montenegro

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11090975 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 975

Author(s):

Slobodan Radusinović ◽

Argyrios Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Bauxite Residue ◽

Raw Material ◽

Late Triassic ◽

Critical Metals ◽

Critical Elements ◽

Secondary Raw Material ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

First Time ◽

Critical Raw Materials

Research for critical raw materials is of special interest, due to their increasing demand, opulence of applications and shortage of supply. Bauxites, or bauxite residue after alumina extraction can be sources of critical raw materials (CRMs) due to their content of rare earth elements and other critical elements. Montenegrin bauxites and bauxite residue (red mud) are investigated for their mineralogy and geochemistry. The study of the CRM’s potential of the Montenegrin bauxite residue after the application of Bayer process, is performed for the first time. Montenegrin bauxites, (Jurassic bauxites from the Vojnik-Maganik and Prekornica ore regions from the Early Jurassic, Middle Jurassic-Oxfordian and Late Triassic paleorelief) are promising for their REE’s content (around 1000 ppm of ΣREE’s). More specifically, they are especially enriched in LREEs compared to HREEs. Regarding other CRMs and other elements, Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Sr and Ga could also be promising. In bauxite residue, the contents of Zr, Sr, V, Sc, La, Ce, Y, Ti and Nb are higher than those in bauxites. However, raw bauxites and bauxite residue as a secondary raw material can be considered as possible sources of CRMs.

Download Full-text

Geochemical Occurrence of Rare Earth Elements in Mining Waste and Mine Water: A Review

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11080860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 860

Author(s):

Konstantina Pyrgaki ◽

Vasiliki Gemeni ◽

Christos Karkalis ◽

Nikolaos Koukouzas ◽

Petros Koutsovitis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Mine Water ◽

Bauxite Residue ◽

Ore Deposits ◽

Mining Waste ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Mining Areas ◽

High Concentrations ◽

The Comparative Study

Μining waste, processing by-products and mine water discharges pose a serious threat to the environment as in many cases they contain high concentrations of toxic substances. However, they may also be valuable resources. The main target of the current review is the comparative study of the occurrence of rare earth elements (REE) in mining waste and mine water discharges produced from the exploitation of coal, bauxite, phosphate rock and other ore deposits. Coal combustion ashes, bauxite residue and phosphogypsum present high percentages of critical REEs (up to 41% of the total REE content) with ΣREY content ranging from 77 to 1957.7 ppm. The total REE concentrations in mine discharges from different coal and ore mining areas around the globe are also characterised by a high range of concentrations from 0.25 to 9.8 ppm and from 1.6 to 24.8 ppm, respectively. Acid mine discharges and their associated natural and treatment precipitates seem to be also promising sources of REE if their extraction is coupled with the simultaneous removal of toxic pollutants.

Download Full-text

Novel Approach for Enhanced Scandium and Titanium Leaching Efficiency from Bauxite Residue with Suppressed Silica Gel Formation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-24077-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Gözde Alkan ◽

Bengi Yagmurlu ◽

Seckin Cakmakoglu ◽

Tobias Hertel ◽

Şerif Kaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silica Gel ◽

Bauxite Residue ◽

Gel Formation ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Leaching Efficiency

Download Full-text

POTENTIAL RECOVERY OF CRITICAL ELEMENTS FROM HISTORICAL METAL MINING WASTE: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING VARIOUS LEACHANTS TO EXTRACT PRECIOUS METALS, PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS, SELECTED RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS, AND VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL METALS

10.1130/abs/2016am-285433 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Philip L. Hageman ◽

◽

Kathleen S. Smith ◽

Ruth E. Wolf ◽

Geoffrey S. Plumlee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Precious Metals ◽

Platinum Group Elements ◽

Mining Waste ◽

Metal Mining ◽

Critical Elements ◽

Platinum Group ◽

Industrial Metals

Download Full-text

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100139780 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 682-683

Author(s):

A. Hakam ◽

J.T. Gau ◽

M.L. Grove ◽

B.A. Evans ◽

M. Shuman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Tissue Bank ◽

The United States ◽

Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽

Correlative Microscopy ◽

Client Server ◽

Critical Elements ◽

Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Download Full-text