Population dynamics of Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), the aphid vector of sugarcane yellow leaf virus under tropical conditions in India

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Viswanathan ◽  
T. Ramasubramanian ◽  
C. Chinnaraja ◽  
R. Selvakumar ◽  
T. Lakshmi Pathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus ◽  
Aphid Vector ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Leaf Virus

scholarly journals First Report of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus Infecting Barley in Tunisia

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1016-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bouallegue ◽  
M. Mezghani-Khemakhem ◽  
H. Makni ◽  
M. Makni
Keyword(s):  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Leaf Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV) causes severe leaf symptoms in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). It is a single-stranded RNA virus assigned to the genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae (1). ScYLV is transmitted by two aphid species, Melanaphis sacchari and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Although barley (Hordeum vulgare), oats (Avena sativa), and wheat (Triticum spp.) are susceptible to ScYLV when experimentally inoculated (3), this virus, related serologically to Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-RPV (4), has never been detected naturally in these cereals. In this study, 240 barley leaves were randomly collected from six fields in Tunisia following a north-south trend during the high infestation periods (March/April) in the 2013 growing season. Samples were tested by DAS-ELISA, using three antibodies (Bioreba AG, Switzerland), two of them, BYDV-B and BYDV-F, specific to luteoviruses corresponding to BYDV-PAV and BYDV-MAV, respectively, and the third one, BYDV-RPV, specific to the polerovirus synonymous to Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV)-RPV. Based on DAS-ELISA, 30 samples were found positive for B/CYDV infection; 17 out of the 30 infected samples contained a single serotype, BYDV-PAV, and 13 out of the 30 infected samples contained two serotypes, PAV and RPV. Total RNA was extracted from all positive samples, and RT-PCR of the viral CP gene was performed with Lu1/Lu4 primers (2). A product of 531 bp was cloned and sequenced. The identities among the sequences determined varied between 80 to 100%, and from the 17 samples containing BYDV-PAV, six distinct BYDV-PAV sequences were revealed and named PAV-TN1 to PAV-TN6 (GenBank Accession No. JX402453 to JX402457 and KF271792). Fortuitously, all 13 positive samples corresponding to the serotypes PAV-RPV exhibited 98.7 to 99.3% identity with ScYLV isolates. These 13 samples contained three distinct sequences that were named ScYLV-Tun1 to ScYLV-Tun3 (GenBank Accession No. KF836888 to KF836890). Of the 17 PAV-positive samples collected, six were infected with PAV-TN1, four with PAV-TN2, four with PAV-TN3, one with PAV-TN4, one with PAV-TN5, and the last one with PAV-TN6. Of the 13 ScYLV-positive samples, seven were infected with ScYLV-Tun1, four with ScYLV-Tun2, and two with ScYLV-Tun3. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PAV-TN sequences formed a very tight cluster (>98%) corresponding to BYDV subspecies PAV-II, whereas all three Tunisian ScYLV sequences were clustered together. This study provides the first report of ScYLV isolates infecting barley crops in Tunisia, and confirms serological cross-reactivity between ScYLV and BYDV-RPV when commercial antibodies against BYDV-RPV are used. References: (1) C. J. D'Arcy and L. L. Domier. Page 891 in: Virus Taxonomy, 8th Report of the ICTV. C. M. Fauquet et al., eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, 2005. (2) N. L. Robertson and R. French. J. Gen. Virol. 72:1473, 1991. (3) S. Schenck and A. T. Lehrer. Plant Dis. 84:1085, 2000. (4) J. Vega et al. Plant Dis. 81:21, 1997.

scholarly journals Temporal Increase and Spatial Distribution of Sugarcane Yellow Leaf and Infestations of the Aphid Vector, Melanaphis sacchari

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. McAllister ◽  
J. W. Hoy ◽  
T. E. Reagan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Aphid Vector ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Leaf Virus

Yellow leaf, caused by Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV), is a potentially important disease of sugarcane first found in Louisiana during 1996. A survey during 2002 determined that ScYLV infection was present in all sugarcane-production areas of Louisiana. Virus was detected in 48% of 42 fields, and incidence averaged 15% in these fields. Disease progress curves determined in four fields during two growing seasons indicated that the greatest temporal increase of virus infection occurred during late spring and early summer and coincided with the initial infestation and increase of the virus vector, the sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari). Aphid infestations in the experimental fields during 2002 and 2003 ranged from 1.2 to 33.0 and 1.0 to 4.2 aphids per leaf, respectively. Final disease incidences of 2.9, 5.2, and 5.2% were recorded in three fields planted with virus-free seed-cane. Distribution of ScYLV infections and aphids evaluated with spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that ScYLV and its aphid vector both exhibited a predominantly random spatial distribution, with occasional aggregation. The low incidence and rates of disease increase observed, despite the widespread occurrence of potential vectors, suggest that inoculum pressure remains low in Louisiana. Therefore, it may be possible to keep yellow leaf at low levels by planting virus-free seed-cane.

scholarly journals Variation in Infection Capacity and in Virulence Exists Between Genotypes of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Abu Ahmad ◽  
Laurent Costet ◽  
Jean-Heinrich Daugrois ◽  
Samuel Nibouche ◽  
Philippe Letourmy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Tissue Blot Immunoassay ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Leaf Virus ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

Two experiments, one in Guadeloupe and one in Réunion Island, were performed to transmit different genotypes of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) to eight sugarcane cultivars differing in resistance to infection by the virus and to yellow leaf. Transmission was attempted from SCYLV-infected sugarcane plants or leaves to healthy tissue-cultured plantlets grown in vitro and with the aphid vector Melanaphis sacchari. After inoculation and elimination of insects with an insecticide, plantlets were transferred to Montpellier, France and grown in a greenhouse. Plants were tested for presence of SCYLV by tissue-blot immunoassay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction after 5 to 6 months of growth. SCYLV genotypes BRA-PER, CUB, and REU were detected in 47, 62, and 39% of plants inoculated with these genotypes in Guadeloupe, respectively. SCYLV genotypes BRA-PER and REU and a mixed infection of genotypes BRA-PER and REU were detected in 56, 33, and 42% of plants inoculated with these genotypes in Réunion Island, respectively. Genotypes BRA-PER and CUB could be transmitted to all eight sugarcane cultivars, but genotype REU could never be transmitted to resistant sugarcane cvs. H78-4153 and H78-3567. SCYLV genotype REU was transmitted successfully to sugarcane cv. R570 in Guadeloupe, but not in Réunion Island. Genotypes BRA-PER and CUB induced yellow leaf symptoms in susceptible or highly susceptible sugarcane cultivars, whereas genotype REU induced very few symptoms. SCYLV was not found in several symptomatic plants, suggesting an association of disease with undetectable populations of the virus or a nonviral cause. This is the first report of variation in infection capacity and in virulence of SCYLV.

scholarly journals Effect of Sugarcane Cultivars Infected with Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus (ScYLV) on Feeding Behavior and Biological Performance of Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2122
Author(s):  
Luiz Eduardo Tilhaqui Bertasello ◽  
Michele Carmo-Sousa ◽  
Nathalie K. Prado Maluta ◽  
Luciana Rossini Pinto ◽  
João R. Spotti Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Leaf Virus

Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV), Polerovirus, Luteoviridae, is one of the main viruses that infect sugarcane worldwide. The virus is transmitted by the aphid Melanaphis sacchari in a persistent, circulative manner. To better understand the interactions between ScYLV, sugarcane genotypes and M. sacchari, we explored the effect of sugarcane cultivars on the feeding behavior and biological performance of the vector. The number of nymphs, adults, winged, total number of aphids and dead aphids was assayed, and an electrical penetration graph (EPG) was used to monitor the stylet activities. Multivariate analysis showed changes in the vector’s behavior and biology on cultivars, identifying specific groups of resistance. In the cultivar 7569, only 5.5% of the insects were able to stay longer on sustained phloem ingestion, while in the other seven cultivars these values varied from 20% to 60%. M. sacchari showed low phloem activities in cultivars 7569 and Bio266. Overall, cultivar 7569 showed the worst biological performance of aphids, with the insects presenting mechanical difficulties for feeding and a shorter duration of the phloem period, and thus being considered the most resistant. We conclude that ScYLV virus infection in different sugarcane cultivars induced specific changes in the host plant, modifying the behavior of its main vector, which may favor or impair virus transmission.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Transmission and Spread of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1085-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schenck ◽  
A. T. Lehrer
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Melanaphis Sacchari ◽  
Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sugarcane Aphid ◽  
Aphid Inoculation ◽  
Leaf Virus

Sugarcane, Saccharum spp. hybrid, is widely infected in the United States and many other countries with a yellowing and stunting disease called sugarcane yellow leaf syndrome. The causal agent, Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV), is a Polerovirus of the Luteoviridae family. In this study, it was transmitted by the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari, and also by the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and the rice root aphid, R. rufiabdominalis. Two other aphids that infest sugarcane in Hawaii did not transmit the virus. Some Hawaiian sugarcane cultivars are susceptible to ScYLV, while others remain virus-free in the field. The latter were not infected when inoculated with viruliferous M. sacchari. Virus-free plants of susceptible cultivars were produced through apical meristem culture and were readily reinfected by viruliferous M. sacchari. They were also quickly reinfected when planted in a field in proximity to other infected sugarcane naturally infested with M. sacchari. Sugarcane cultivars are hybrids of several Saccharum species. In a field-grown collection of Saccharum and related species, 11 to 71% of the clones of four of the species were infected with ScYLV. None of the related genus Erianthus plants were infected, but four clones were infected experimentally by aphid inoculation. A low to moderate percentage of corn, rice, and sorghum seedlings became infected when inoculated with ScYLV, but barley, oats, and wheat proved to be very susceptible. None of seven weeds common in sugarcane fields were infected with ScYLV.

Sugarcane yellow leaf virus. [Distribution map].

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus ◽  
Leaf Virus ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sugarcane yellow leaf virus. Luteoviridae: Polerovirus. Hosts: sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, India, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand), Africa (Egypt, Kenya, Mauritius, Reunion, South Africa, Tunisia), North America (USA, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Texas), Central America & Caribbean (Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Martinique, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela).

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