scholarly journals The nested structure of urban business clusters

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémentine Cottineau ◽  
Elsa Arcaute
Keyword(s):  
Percolation Theory ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
City Region ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Nested Structure ◽  
Nested Hierarchy ◽  
Joint Probability Function

AbstractAlthough the cluster theory literature is bountiful in economics and regional science, there is still a lack of understanding of how the geographical scales of analysis (neighbourhood, city, region) relate to one another and impact the observed phenomenon, and to which extent the clusters are industrially coherent or geographically consistent. In this paper, we cluster spatial economic activities through a multi-scalar approach making use of percolation theory. We consider both the industrial similarity and the geographical proximity between firms, through their joint probability function which is constructed as a copula. This gives rise to an emergent nested hierarchy of geoindustrial clusters, which enables us to analyse the relationships between the different scales, and specific industrial sectors. Using longitudinal business microdata from the Office for National Statistics, we look at the evolution of clusters which spans from very local groups of businesses to the metropolitan level, in 2007 and in 2014, so that the changes stemming from the financial crisis can be observed.

scholarly journals A stochastic approach to handle resource constraints as knapsack problems in ensemble pruning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Hajdu ◽  
György Terdik ◽  
Attila Tiba ◽  
Henrietta Tomán
Keyword(s):  
Probability Function ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Stochastic Search ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Joint Probability Function

AbstractEnsemble-based methods are highly popular approaches that increase the accuracy of a decision by aggregating the opinions of individual voters. The common point is to maximize accuracy; however, a natural limitation occurs if incremental costs are also assigned to the individual voters. Consequently, we investigate creating ensembles under an additional constraint on the total cost of the members. This task can be formulated as a knapsack problem, where the energy is the ensemble accuracy formed by some aggregation rules. However, the generally applied aggregation rules lead to a nonseparable energy function, which takes the common solution tools—such as dynamic programming—out of action. We introduce a novel stochastic approach that considers the energy as the joint probability function of the member accuracies. This type of knowledge can be efficiently incorporated in a stochastic search process as a stopping rule, since we have the information on the expected accuracy or, alternatively, the probability of finding more accurate ensembles. Experimental analyses of the created ensembles of pattern classifiers and object detectors confirm the efficiency of our approach over other pruning ones. Moreover, we propose a novel stochastic search method that better fits the energy, which can be incorporated in other stochastic strategies as well.

Copula-based joint probability function for PGA and CAV: a case study from Taiwan

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 2123-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Xu ◽  
Xiao-Song Tang ◽  
J. P. Wang ◽  
H. Kuo-Chen
Keyword(s):  
Probability Function ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Joint Probability Function

The technological transformation of Russia's industrial sectors: Difficulties and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674-1697
Author(s):  
O.P. Smirnova ◽  
A.O. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Production Method ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Subject. The article focuses on contemporary trends in the industrial and socio-economic development of Russia during the technological transformation of its sectors. Objectives. The study is an attempt to analyze what opportunities and difficulties may arise for the development of the industrial sectors in Russia. We also examine the dynamics of key development indicators of the industrial sectors, point out inhibitors of their competitiveness. Methods. The methodological framework comprises general methods of systems, structural-functional and comprehensive approaches to analyzing economic phenomena. We applied graphic, economic-statistical methods of research, conventional methods of grouping, comparison and generalization, and the logic, systems and statistical analysis. Results. We display how industrial sectors develop over time by type of economic activities. The article provides the rationale for structural rearrangements and further innovation-driven development of the industries. We display that the Russian industries technologically depend om imported production technologies. We substantiate the renewal of assets and technologies at industrial enterprises, and retain and develop human capital. Conclusions and Relevance. Primarily, the Russian economy should be digitalized as a source of the long-term economic growth. Notably, industrial enterprises should replace their linear production method with that of the circular economy and implement resource-saving innovative technologies. The State evidently acts as the leading driver of technological retrofitting of the industrial sector. If the State holds the reasonable and appropriate industrial policy at the federal and regional levels and configure its tools to ensure the modern approach to developing the industries in a competitive fashion, the industrial complex will successfully transform into the innovative economy.

Exploring Blue- and White-Collar Employees' Well-Being at Work System

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Tapio Vayrynen ◽  
Heli Katariina Kiema-Junes
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Work System ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Traditional Work

The aim of this study was to examine occupational group-related differences in well-being at work (WBW) indicators ranging from real accidents, absences and retirement to experienced pleasure at work. Occupational group included two categories: blue- and white-collar employees. The study is based on analysing national statistics or ones of various industrial sectors (Study 1), or bases on findings of questionnaires in Finnish case companies (N=7) (Studies 2 and 3). WBW questionnaires answered by 3500 employees. Analysis utilised data that employees of two occupational groups, or company and national statistics revealed about WBW. Analysis was based on factors related to employee, task, tool, organisation and work environment (traditional work system (WS)), psychosocial factors, and information and communication within WS. The biggest and statistically significant differences were emphasised in results and discussion. Although two groups' roles and tasks provide reasons for many differences, the ones should be measured, thoroughly discussed and consciously managed.

scholarly journals Hidden clusters: the articulation of agglomeration in City Regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1776-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Williams ◽  
Chay Brooks ◽  
Tim Vorley
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Place Marketing ◽  
City Region ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Alternative Approaches

For many years, local economic development has been driven by the desire to maintain, attract and nurture clusters of economic activity in targeted industrial sectors. However, where clusters are not conventionally sector-based, public policy needs to develop alternative approaches to leverage the economic benefits and realise competitive advantage. Drawing on a study of the Sheffield City Region (SCR), the paper explores the challenge of leveraging ‘hidden’ cross-sectoral clusters, which do not fit dominant discourses of agglomeration-led growth. We posit that it is the cross-sectoral connections and networks in the SCR which represent its key strength, yet these are only partially reflected by current place marketing and policy considerations, and, in many ways, are overlooked and thus remain ‘hidden’. The paper argues that the competitive advantage of the SCR is undermined when it characterises clusters in terms of industrial sectors, and instead needs to articulate its strengths as a strategically important industrial centre. The paper concludes by drawing out a number of implications for academic theory and policy development.

scholarly journals The Economic Policy of Japanese Naval Government in South Sulawesi in the Second World War 1942 -1945

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Rasyid Asba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The People ◽  
Second World

The Japanese economic policy in South Sulawesi seemed to have different policies when compared to the other colonies in Indonesia. It was indicated by leadership typology of Japanese Navy which based in Makassar, Bukittinggi, and Java. In South Sulawesi, the policy was more focused on the compliance of logistic materials by strengthening on clothing industry, plantation of cotton and castor oil, and fisheries. The important policy of the army was the agricultural massive production sector to support the war. In addition, the agricultural and industrial sectors were also developed such as salt, castor oil, textile, silk, handicrafts and the like. Those phenomena analyzed by historical method. It used archives such as Japanese occupation reports in Makassar, Romusha archives in Makassar, and Japanese local politic documents in South Sulawesi. The reports on Japanese economic activities in South Sulawesi were also consulted. Information from magazines and newspapers were also taken such as Pemberitaan Makassar, Bintang Timoer, Sinar Baroe, Soeara Asia, Hong Po, and Pemandangan. In addition to, it has complied oral history with direct interviews to the people who are still alive and experienced on the era. The Japanese economic policies in South Sulawesi influenced great changes in new economic structure on the emergence of the diversification of popular-based commodity especially clothing and foodstuff during the war. That was the reason why people in South Sulawesi directed to execute intensification of agriculture in a professional productive manner supported by communal industrial policy.  

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