Recovery of cryolite with high molar ratio from high fluorine-containing wastewater

Pea starch and dextrin polymers were modified through the unequal reactivity of isocyanate groups in isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) monomer. The presence of both urethane and isocyanate functionalities in starch and dextrin after modification were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The degree of substitution (DS) was calculated using elemental analysis data and showed higher DS values in modified dextrin than modified starch. The onsets of thermal degradation and temperatures at maximum mass losses were improved after modification of both starch and dextrin polymers compared to unmodified ones. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of modified starch and dextrin were lower than unmodified control ones, and this was more pronounced in modified dextrin at a high molar ratio. Dynamic water vapor sorption of starch and dextrin polymers indicated a slight reduction in moisture sorption of modified starch, but considerably lower moisture sorption in modified dextrin as compared to that of unmodified ones.

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p15s (15-kD Antimicrobial Proteins) Are Stored in the Secondary Granules of Rabbit Granulocytes: Implications for Antibacterial Synergy With the Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein in Inflammatory Fluids

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v89.2.672 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 672-679 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Kol Zarember ◽

Peter Elsbach ◽

Kwang Shin-Kim ◽

Jerrold Weiss

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Extracellular Fluid ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽

Antimicrobial Proteins ◽

High Molar Ratio ◽

Rabbit Bone ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Primary Granules

Abstract The bactericidal potency toward complement-resistant Escherichia coli of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) released from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in glycogen-induced inflammatory peritoneal exudates of rabbits is dependent on synergy with extracellular p15s. This synergy depends on the high molar ratio of p15s to BPI in the extracellular fluid (∼50:1), which greatly exceeds the intracellular ratio (∼5:1). To explore the possible basis of the greater accumulation of p15s in inflammatory fluid, we examined the subcellular localization of BPI and p15 in PMNs. Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed the storage of BPI in primary granules and showed that p15s are stored in secondary granules. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of density-fractionated rabbit bone marrow cells verified that p15s are expressed later than BPI during myeloid differentiation. As the inflammatory response evolves, p15 mRNA appears earlier in blood and exudate cells than mRNA for BPI, consistent with release of progressively less mature precursors from bone marrow. Finally, Ca2+-ionophore–mediated exocytosis of p15s occurs more readily than release of BPI. We therefore propose that localization of a synergistic partner of BPI (p15s) in more readily released secondary granules allows the neutrophil to mobilize potent BPI-dependent antibacterial activity extracellularly without significant depletion of intracellular BPI stores.

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Hydrothermal synthesis of lithium-enriched β-Li2TiO3 with an ion-sieve application: excellent lithium adsorption

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra18018c ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (104) ◽

pp. 102608-102616 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Shulei Wang ◽

Ping Li ◽

Wenwen Cui ◽

Hailin Zhang ◽

Hongyan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽

Hydrothermal Method ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

High Molar Ratio

Lithium-enriched monoclinic lithium metatitanate (β-Li2TiO3) with a high molar ratio of Li to Ti (2.11) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method.

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Thermal Behavior Analysis of Melamine Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resin with Different Molar Ratios

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1001.61 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1001 ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

Shan Feng Xu ◽

San Shan Xia ◽

Yu Zhu Chen ◽

Hui Xiao ◽

Ming Wei Jing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Formaldehyde Emission ◽

Urea Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

High Molar Ratio ◽

Degradation Properties ◽

Modified Urea

In this study, Thermogravimetry (TG) were used to analyze thermal degradation properties of two kinds of low-molar ratio of the melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resin (MUF). The MUF was calculated using Kissinger equation and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa equation Resin pyrolysis activation energy. The results showed that the curing time of low mole was longer than that of MUF resin (muf-b), the content of free formaldehyde was lower, and the formaldehyde emission and wet bonding strength of plywood were reduced by 65.79% and 21.90%, respectively. TG test showed that the pyrolysis process of MUF resins with different molar ratios can be divided into three stages: dehydration, rapid pyrolysis and carbonization. At the same heating rate, the weight loss rate, peak conversion rate and carbon residue of the high molar ratio MUF resin (MUF-a) in the fast pyrolysis stage are larger than those of the MUF-b resin. The MUF-a resin pyrolysis activation energy is 166.76 kJ/mol, and the MUF-b resin pyrolysis activation energy is 95.30 kJ/mol. High molar ratio resin has higher pyrolysis activation energy and better thermal stability.

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Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous gamma-alumina by glucose as soft-template for molybdenum-99 adsorption: high and low molar ratio of water to aluminium isopropoxide effect

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/927/1/012005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 927 (1) ◽

pp. 012005

Author(s):

I Saptiama ◽

A Nurmanjaya ◽

F Rindiantono ◽

Marlina ◽

A M Lestari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sol Gel ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Soft Template ◽

Gamma Alumina ◽

Aluminium Isopropoxide ◽

High Molar Ratio ◽

Gel Treatment ◽

Adsorption Desorption

Abstract The mesoporous gamma-alumina is a good material for metal adsorption. Its textural properties are excellent, mainly for molybdenum-99 radioisotopes adsorption as part of 99Mo/99mTc generator in nuclear medicine. In this work, we have prepared mesoporous gamma-alumina by sol-gel treatment in the presence of glucose as a soft template. The molar ratio of reactant (water: aluminium isopropoxide(AIP)) was applied in the high and low ratios (150:1 and 25:1). The resulted mesoporous gamma-alumina was investigated using characterization analysis of X-ray diffraction, Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and FTIR. The results indicate that the mesoporous gamma-alumina in the high molar ratio of water to AIP had a higher surface area and better crystallinity than the low molar ratio of reactants. Furthermore, in the Mo adsorption test, the mesoporous gamma-alumina with the high molar ratio posed a higher Mo adsorption capacity up to 55.69 mg Mo g−1 adsorbent. In the future, the molar ratio of reactants should be tuned in the range of around 150:1 to obtain the optimal Mo adsorption capacities of the resulted mesoporous gamma-alumina using the glucose template.

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2-Chloro-1,4-Dimethoxybenzene as a Novel Catalytic Cofactor for Oxidation of Anisyl Alcohol by Lignin Peroxidase

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.64.3.830-835.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 830-835 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Pauline J. M. Teunissen ◽

Jim A. Field

Keyword(s):

Lignin Peroxidase ◽

Natural Compound ◽

De Novo ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Veratryl Alcohol ◽

White Rot ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

High Molar Ratio

ABSTRACT 2-Chloro-1,4-dimethoxybenzene (2Cl-14DMB) is a natural compound produced de novo by several white rot fungi. This chloroaromatic metabolite was identified as a cofactor superior to veratryl alcohol (VA) in the oxidation of anisyl alcohol (AA) by lignin peroxidase (LiP). Our results reveal that good LiP substrates, such as VA and tryptophan, are comparatively poor cofactors in the oxidation of AA. Furthermore, we show that a good cofactor does not necessarily serve a role in protecting LiP against H2O2inactivation. 2Cl-14DMB was not a direct mediator of AA oxidation, since increasing AA concentrations did not inhibit the oxidation of 2Cl-14DMB at all. However, the high molar ratio of anisaldehyde formed to 2Cl-14DMB consumed, up to 13:1, indicates that a mechanism which recycles the cofactor is present.

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One-Step Nonaqueous Synthesis of Pure Phase TiO2Nanocrystals from TiCl4in Butanol and Their Photocatalytic Properties

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2011/267415 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tieping Cao ◽

Yuejun Li ◽

Changhua Wang ◽

Changlu Shao ◽

Yichun Liu

Keyword(s):

Rhodamine B ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Photocatalytic Activities ◽

Pure Phase ◽

High Molar Ratio ◽

One Step ◽

Degussa P25 ◽

Small Crystal Size ◽

Anatase Nanoparticles ◽

Nonaqueous Synthesis

Pure phase TiO2nanomaterials were synthesized by an autoclaving treatment of TiCl4with butanol as a single alcohol source. It was found that the control of molar ratio of TiCl4to butanol played an important role in determining the TiO2crystal phase and morphology. A high molar ratio of TiCl4to butanol favored the formation of anatase nanoparticles, whereas rutile nanorods were selectively obtained at a low molar ratio of TiCl4to butanol. Evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized TiO2was performed in terms of decomposition of organic dye rhodamine B under ultraviolet irradiation. It turned out that the as-synthesized TiO2crystallites possessed higher photocatalytic activities toward bleaching rhodamine B than Degussa P25, benefiting from theirhigh surface area, small crystal size as well as high crystallinity.

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Systematic Precipitation of Magnesium Hydroxide Using NH4OH to Preparing MgO-PSZ Precursor Powder

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.712 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 805 ◽

pp. 712-717

Author(s):

Chieko Yamagata ◽

Jose O.A. Paschoal

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Hydroxide ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Low Cost ◽

Zirconium Oxychloride ◽

Precursor Powder ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Ceramic Processing ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Molar Ratio ◽

Co Precipitation

The wide range of applications of zirconia based ceramics is due to stabilization of its tetragonal and cubic structures at room temperature, by controlled adding of dopants such as yttria, magnesia, calcia, ceria and some rare earth oxides. The advantage of the use of magnesia as dopant is not only due to its low cost, but fact that by controlling its ceramic processing, it is possible to control a specific microstructure for the specific application. The precipitation of magnesium hydroxides, using NH4OH as a precipitant, presents some difficulties due to the formation of a variety of soluble complexes of ammonia with magnesium, which inhibits the total precipitation of magnesium. In the present work, the influence of precipitant and metals concentrations and pH on the magnesium hydroxide precipitation was investigated. Magnesium chloride, zirconium oxychloride and NH4OH were used as starting materials. The precipitation of magnesium hydroxide depends on concentrations of OH-, Cl- and Mg2+. To achieve specific precipitation yield, lower the concentration of Mg2+ high molar ratio of [OH-]/[Cl-] is required. The pH measure is not enough to control Mg (OH)2 precipitation. The use of molar ratio of [OH-]/[Cl-] = 4.4, resulted in 95 % of Mg (OH)2 precipitation. The co-precipitation of Zr and Mg hydroxides, using the optimized molar ratio of [OH-]/[Cl-], the precipitation of Mg (OH)2 achieved in range of 97.6 to 98.3 %.

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