scholarly journals In vitro antiplasmodial activity, cytotoxicity, antioxidant action and GC-FID analysis of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Irabor ◽  
Osamudiamen Ebohon ◽  
Nekpen Erhunse ◽  
Osariemen T. Okugbo ◽  
Ehimwenma S. Omoregie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Vero Cell Line ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Abstract This study evaluated the in vitro antiplasmodial efficacy and cytotoxicity of Allanbackia floribunda stem bark extract, leaf extract and oil. It also assessed the phytochemical compositions and antioxidant action of the stem bark fractions as well as the phytochemical fingerprint of the most active fraction (dichloromethane). Trager and Jensen method was used to culture Plasmodium falciparum, Mark III test developed by WHO was used to assess the antiplasmodial activity of the plant’s crude extract and fractions against the ring stage of P. falciparum strain, Pf3D7. Cytotoxicity was determined against Vero cell line using microculture tetrazolium (MTT) test. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was employed to identify phytochemical fingerprint of the most active fraction. The stem bark extract had better antiplasmodial activity (IC50Pf3D7 of 4.3 ± 0.17 μg/mL) compared with the leaf extract (IC50Pf3D7, 8.0 ± 0.28 μg/mL) and oil (IC50Pf3D7 > 100 μg/mL). Both the leaf and stem bark extracts were found to be non-cytotoxic compared with the standard cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin. The selectivity indices (S.I.) of the extracts against the parasite were 20.06 and 8.85 for the stem bark and leaf respectively. Dichloromethane fraction had the highest inhibition against the P. falciparum parasite with IC50Pf3D7 of 1.51 μg/ mL. GC-FID analysis showed high presence antiplasmodial flavonoids and terpenes. This investigation confirmed that A. floribunda stem bark has potent activity against P. falciparum, and it is relatively safe to normal cell. Article Highlights Allanblackia floribunda methanol stem bark and leaf extracts could inhibit the growth of chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum (Pf3D7) in vitro. The stem bark infusion of Allanblackia floribunda was found to be nontoxic and safe at moderate doses to normal cell line (Vero cell line). Dichloromethane fraction of the stem bark showed excellent inhibition against chloroquine sensitive malaria parasite.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Action and GC-FID Analysis of Allanblackia Floribunda Extracts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Irabor ◽  
Osamudiamen Ebohon ◽  
Nekpen Erhunse ◽  
Osariemen Tinu Okugbo ◽  
Ehimwenma Sheena Omoregie
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Vero Cell Line ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Abstract Background: Malaria is a disease that is caused by Plasmodium parasite that has resulted in death of so many persons in the world especially children below 5 years. Plasmodium falciparum is one of the most widespread etiological agent for human malaria and has become increasingly resistant to standard antimalarial drugs. This study was therefore aimed at evaluating the in vitro antiplasmodial efficacy and cytotoxicity of Allanbackia floribunda stem bark, leaf and oil. Methods: Trager and Jensen method was used to culture Plasmodium falciparum and maintained in fresh O + human erythrocytes at 3% hematocrit in complete medium (Roswell Park Memorial Institute-RPMI 1640). Mark III test developed by WHO was used to assess the antiplasmodial activity of the plant’s crude extract and fractions against the ring stage of P. falciparum strains Pf3D7. Cytotoxicity was determined against Vero cell line using microculture tetrazolium (MTT). GC-FID was employed to identify bioactive constituents in the most active fraction. Results: The plant extracts showed varied degrees of inhibition of parasitaemia with IC 50Pf3D7 values ranging between 4.0 to 1000 μg/ mL. The methanol stem bark extract of A. floribunda exhibited very active antiplasmodial activity (IC 50Pf3D7 = 4.3 ± 0.17μg / mL), the leaf extract showed active antiplasmodial activity (IC 50Pf3D7 = 8.0 ± 0.28 μg / mL) while the oil extract was inactive against the parasite (IC 50 > 100 μg / mL). Both the leaf and stem bark extracts were found to be non-cytotoxic in contrast to the standard cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin. The selectivity indices (S.I.) of the extracts against the parasites were 13.32 and 8.18 for the stem bark and leaf, respectively. Among the stem bark fractions, dichloromethane (DCM) had the best inhibition against the P. falciparum parasite (DCM IC 50Pf3D7 of 1.51 μg/ mL) and was closely followed by the hydromethanol (HMet) fraction (HMet IC 50Pf3D7 of 5.0 μg/ mL) while that of ethylacetate (EAct) and hexane (Hxn) fractions were almost similar (IC 50 Pf3D7 of 6 and 6.25 μg/ mL, respectively).GC-FID analysis of the most active fraction, DCM, showed high presence antiplasmodial flavonoids (naringenin, luteolin, kaemferor and myricetin) and terpenes (α-pinene and β-caryophyllene) which may have been responsible for the excellent antiplasmodial action of the most active fraction. Conclusion: This investigation confirmed that A. floribunda stem bark has potent activity against P. falciparum and it is relatively safe to normal cell. The antiplasmodial action is credited to the presence of bioactive flavonoids and terpenes that may have acted singly or synergistically.

Lack of in vitro antihyaluronidase activity of methanolic leaf extract of Indigofera tinctoria L and methanolic stem bark extract of Stereospermum suaveolens DC

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
WanigasekaraDaya Ratnasooriya ◽  
ChathurangaBharathee Ranaweera ◽  
WalimuniPrabhashini Abeysekara ◽  
Ranjith Pathirana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Indigofera Tinctoria

scholarly journals Crude Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Its Fractions: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 4153-4163
Author(s):  
Sulaiman S. Rukayyah ◽  
Jigam, Audu Ali ◽  
Abubakar Abdulkadir ◽  
Salau, Rasaq Bolakale
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Malaria is a global problem, as treatment failure has hampered the efficacy of most anti-malarial medications. The goal of this study was to see if stem bark extract from Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides had antiplasmodial properties that could be used to treat both susceptible and resistant parasites. The stem bark of Z. zanthoxyloides (500g) was crushed and extracted with ethanol. The extract was tested for antiplasmodial activity in vitro against the chloroquine-sensitive (CQS) strain NF54 and chloroquine-resistant strains (CQR) K1 of P. falciparum, as well as in vivo against the CQS(NK65) strain of P. berghei at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract was performed. The crude extract had an in vitro activity of 1076.4 56.4 and 1315.1 121.6 ng/ml against chloroquine sensitive and resistant parasites, respectively while standard drugs (chloroquine and artesunate) were 10.94 nM (3478.92 ng/ml) and 9.24 nM (3215.52ng/ml) for CQS and 310.68 nM (98796 ng/ml) and 10.94 nM (3650.52 ng/ml) for CQR respectively. At Day 7, mice treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw crude extract had parasite densities of 1159, 928, and 869 parasites/ µl, respectively (compared to positive control that had 123 parasites /µl). In vitro antiplasmodial activity was best in the K2, K4, and K6 fractions (IC50 were 6670, 6890, and 6480 ng/ml), but in vivo antiplasmodial activity was best in the K4 fraction (1183 parasites/ µl).The stem bark extract of Z. zanthoxyloides have remarkable antiplasmodial activity against both chloroquine sensitive and drug resistant P. falciparum supporting it ethnomedicinal use in malaria treatment.The extract of Z. zanthoxyloides has promising antiplasmodial activity and could be used to generate therapeutic leads against the multidrug-resistant K1 strain of P. falciparum, in addition to providing an alternative allopathic antiplasmodial medication.

scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC STEM BARK EXTRACT OF KNEMA ATTENUATA (HOO K. F. AND THOMSON) WARB

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA RAJA H.
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Vitro Effect

Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic stem bark extract (ESBE) of Knema attenuata against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats using both in vivo and in vitro models. Methods: Animals were treated orally with ESBE (250 mg kg-1 and 500 mg kg-1) once daily for 6 d and CCl4 on the 4th d. On the 7th d, animals were sacrificed and the blood samples were collected to measure the serum levels of biochemical parameters, whereas the liver homogenates were utilized for estimating the antioxidant defense. The hepatoprotective efficacy of the extract was further ensured in vitro using human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line against CCl4 induced toxicity. The cell line viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: ESBE effectively reduced (p<0.001) the elevated serum levels of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) when compared to the toxicant control group. ESBE 500 mg kg-1significantly raised the antioxidant defense (p<0.0001) by reducing the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and enhancing hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) level in comparison to the CCl4 control group. The in vitro effect was investigated using CCl4 exposed HepG2 cells. Pretreatment with ESBE showed a dose-dependent increase in percentage cell viability ranged between 44 to 57% at 12.5-100 μg ml-1concentrations (p<0.001, when compared to the control cells).  Conclusion: Present study confirms the hepatoprotective activity of the stem bark extract of K. attenuata against CCl4‑induced liver damage.

scholarly journals Spondias purpurea L. Stem Bark Extract: Antioxidant and in vitro Photoprotective Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Alessandro Rodrigues ◽  
Priscylla Giffony ◽  
Sarah dos Santos ◽  
Jhonyson Guedes ◽  
Maria Elenir Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Spondias Purpurea

Plant phenolic extracts are widely recognized as an important source of natural antioxidant substances and potential compounds for cosmetic formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, photoprotective and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract of Spondias purpurea L. (ciriguela) and its application in photoprotective formulations. Thirty phenolic constituents were annotated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in mode negative (UPLC‑QTOF-MS2). The stem bark extract antioxidant and chelation potential, expressed in half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), showed 6.25 and 352.22 μg mL−1, respectively. The phenolic extract was used as an active ingredient in six sunscreen formulations, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10%. The ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of the formulations were evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) values obtained in 0.2 mg mL−1 (0.495 to 2.27) and 2.0 mg mL−1 (2.29 to 15.87). The SPF value for the extract (14.37 and 26.16) was high, but there was a reduction in the base formulation. However, these results suggested that the bioactive extracted of stem bark of Spondias purpurea L. has interesting potential to reduce the damage caused by UV radiation and may be utilized as an active ingredient in a sunscreen formulation.

Bioactive Compounds and in vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Trilepisium madagascariense DC.

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe ◽  
Tolulope Esther Onibudo ◽  
Roger Murugas Coopoosamy ◽  
Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF KNEMA ATTENUATA (HOOK. F. AND THOMSON) WARB ETHANOLIC STEM BARK EXTRACT IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
SUPRIYA RAJA H
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Knema attenuata (Myristicaceae), popularly known as “wild nutmeg,” is an endemic tree species from Western Ghats, which has been used in folk medicine. Conventionally, the stem bark of K. attenuata is used for treating inflammatory conditions without any scientific information available for the same. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic stem bark extract (ESBE) of K. attenuata using in vivo and in vitro screening models. Methods: The ethanolic extract of stem bark was prepared by soxhlation, and its cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cell line was assessed using MTT assay method. In vivo anti-inflammatory effect of extract was estimated in rats using carrageenan-induced paw edema model and cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was evaluated by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition assay, estimation of myeloperoxidase activity, and determination of cellular nitrite levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Results: Toxic symptoms were not observed for the ESBE. The extract demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity in both in vivo and in vitro models. The anti-inflammatory action exhibited by the extract was a result of the inhibition of leukocyte migration and nitric oxide pathway and partially by inhibition of mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Conclusion: Findings from the study provide the evidence for the popular use of stem bark extract of K. attenuata as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

In vitro anti-hyperglycemia properties of the aqueous stem bark extract from Strychnos henningsii (GILG)

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
SO Oyedemi ◽  
T Koekemoer ◽  
G Bradley ◽  
M van de Venter ◽  
AJ Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Stem Bark Extract
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