Entomocide effect of Alstonia boonei De wild on reproductive performance of Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) infestation on smoked catfish Claria gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidea)

Dermestes maculatus is a major pest of stored fish in Nigeria, fish is preserved with highly persistent synthetic chemicals. There have been an increasing effort at developing plant-based toxicants that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for phytochemical constituents. The efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant against D. maculatus was also evaluated. The leaves of A. indica were obtained, processed and taken to laboratory for methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, triterpenes and carbohydrates using standard procedure. Both clean and infested samples of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus were purchased from Sabon Gari Market, Zaria. The infested samples were used as initial source of D. maculatus larvae. Range finding test was carried out prior to the bioassay. During the bioassay, clean un-infested fish samples were weighed and introduced into kilner jars and respective dosages of 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g and 0.8g of extract were added. Another set of fish samples without the extract were maintained as control. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Fifteen larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into both treated and control containers and covered. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data obtained revealed an increase in mortality with increasing dose and time. Mortality ranged from 1.67 to 11.00. Therefore, leaf extract of A. indica should be incorporated in the development of larvicide against D. maculatus.

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РОДСТВЕННЫЕ ГРУППЫ РЕДКИХ ПОРОД ГУСЕЙ

10.33845/0033-3239-2019-68-4-20-25 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Gene Pool

ЖАРКОВА И.П., ГРИШИНА Д. С. Федеральный научный центр «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и технологический институт птицеводства» Российской академии наук Аннотация: Авторами изучены генетические параметры хозяйственно-полезных признаков гусей (сохранность, яйценоскость, масса яиц, оплодотворенность и выводимость яиц, вывод гусят) в зависимости от их происхождения. Новизна работы заключается в том, что впервые проведен анализ закономерностей проявления репродуктивных качеств у родственных групп гусей. При сравнительном изучении 21 породы гусей установлено, что группа пород гусей, родственных между собой по общему селекционному предку, а именно китайской серой породе (1-я родословная), имеет более высокие воспроизводительные способности по сравнению с другими породами и группами пород. Полученные данные будут применяться в дальнейшей работе с целью совершенствования приемов сохранения генофонда малочисленных пород гусей. Ключевые слова: ГЕНОФОНД ПОРОД ГУСЕЙ, РОДСТВЕННЫЕ ГРУППЫ, РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ КАЧЕСТВА, GENE POOL OF GEESE BREEDS, BIOGENETICALLY RELATED GROUPS OF BREEDS, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

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ПРЕРЫВИСТОЕ ОСВЕЩЕНИЕ ПОВЫШАЕТ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ОСЕМЕНЕНИЯ КУР В КЛЕТКАХ

10.33845/0033-3239-2019-68-7-8-51-55 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

Egg Fertility

Intermittent Lighting Improves the Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Cage Housed Laying Hens Kavtarashvili A.Sh., Kolokolnikova T.N. Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center Summary: The effects of different lighting regimes on the oviposition schedule, productive performance, and reproductive efficiency in cage housed laying hens of layer parental flock (Hisex White-R) were studied; the reasonable regime of artificial insemination (AI) under intermittent lighting is proposed. It was found that intermittent lighting regime 1L:4D:4L:1D:4L:10D compared to the constant lighting significantly alters oviposition schedule: under this regime 82.3% of all daily eggs were laid until 9 am (vs. 66.6% in control). This regime and AI at 10 am improved the productive and reproductive performance compared to control (constant lighting 16L:8D and AI at 12 am): mortality by 1.9%, egg production per initial hen by 3.8%, egg weight by 1.1%, percentage of eggs suitable for incubation by 1.9%, egg fertility by 0.9%, hatchability by 2.3%, hatch of chicks by 2.9%, feed conversion ratio (kg of feed per 10 eggs) by 5.3%, the expenses of electric energy for lighting (per 1000 eggs suitable for incubation) by 54.5%. Key words: INTERMITTENT LIGHTING, CAGE HOUSED LAYERS, ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI), OVIPOSITION SCHEDULE, AI TIMING, PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

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REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF HAMSTERS WITH POLYACRYLAMIDE IMPLANTS CONTAINING ETHINYLOESTRADIOL

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0700385 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 385-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. K. Davis ◽

I. Noske ◽

M. C. Chang

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Mature Female ◽

Pregnancy Rates ◽

List Type ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Apparent Effect ◽

Tissue Sections ◽

Main Target

ABSTRACT Mature female hamsters bearing subcutaneous polyacrylamide (PAA) implants, with ethinyloestradiol (EO), for at least 10 days prior to mating revealed: 0.5 and 2.5 mg EO in 7% PAA significantly disturb the timing of oestrus and mating, but have no apparent effect on rate of pregnancy, ovulation and implantation. 2.5 mg EO in 20 and 40% PAA conspicuously reduces the likelihood of pregnancy, although the occurrence of oestrus and mating are affected only slightly. Fertility in these hamsters was virtually restored, judging from pregnancy rates, when they were remated 11 days, or more, following removal of their implants (37 days after implantation), but significantly more foetuses were resorbed in these litters. From tissue sections of skin and muscle at the implant site, ovary, uterus, pituitary, adrenals and liver, PAA implants, without EO, cause no overt pathological changes in the bearer. Effects characteristic of oestrogen are present when these implants contain EO, and these include a conspicuous thickening of the epidermis and dermis; haemorrhagic lesions were also noted in the maternal placenta of animals with EO implants. There is an association between reproductive performance and the rate of EO release by an implant. A 7% PAA implant with 2.5 mg EO can release most of it within 2 days, and principally influences events (oestrus and mating) that precede the main target (pregnancy) of a 20% PAA implant, which releases the steroid over the longer interval of 7 days.

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