Pediculosis capitis; the importance of accurate differentiation of nits and hair casts

Juckreiz ist bei Kindern ein sehr verbreitetes Symptom und steht in der Regel eher mit einer Hautkrankheit in Verbindung als mit einer zugrunde liegenden systemischen Erkrankung. Zu den häufigsten Dermatosen zählen atopische Dermatitis, Kontaktdermatitis, Insektenstiche, Skabies und Pediculosis capitis. Es gibt spezifische diagnostische Muster, die sich aus einer sorgfältigen Erhebung der Vorgeschichte und der dermatologischen Untersuchung ergeben. Bei der dermatologischen Behandlung muss berücksichtigt werden, dass Kinder, insbesondere im frühen Kindesalter, im Vergleich zu Erwachsenen Unterschiede in der Physiologie und Pathophysiologie sowie in der Pharmakokinetik und Pharmakodynamik aufweisen.

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Lice

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.16.9.336 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 336-337

Author(s):

Howard C. Sonnenblick

Keyword(s):

Direct Contact ◽

Common Type ◽

The Body ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Head Lice ◽

Pediculosis Capitis ◽

Small Children ◽

Pediculosis Pubis

Three forms of pediculosis affect the human host, each with a predilection for certain parts of the body. Pediculosis capitis. or head lice, is the most common type and is seen primarily in preschool and school-age children, especially girls. Transmission occurs by coming into direct contact with lice or by sharing infested brushes, combs, and hats. Adult lice and their eggs (nits) are found principally in the occipital region and behind the ears. Symptoms include severe itching, often resulting in excoriation and secondary bacterial infection. Pediculosis pubis is seen most commonly in sexually active adolescents and young adults, although occasionally it may be found on the eyelashes of small children who come in contact with infected individuals.

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Pediculus capitis in schoolchildren of the urban area of Nuevo León, México: Analyses of associated factors

Biomédica ◽

10.7705/biomedica.v37i3.3311 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 333 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zinnia J. Molina-Garza ◽

Lucio Galaviz-Silva

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Pediculosis Capitis ◽

Nuevo Leon ◽

Nuevo León ◽

Factores De Riesgo ◽

Pediculus Capitis ◽

Educación Primaria

Introducción. La pediculosis capitis es un problema recurrente que afecta anualmente de 6 a 12 millones de niños; no existen datos epidemiológicos en el estado de Nuevo León, y en México son escasos, por lo cual se necesitan estudios fundamentados para diseñar estrategias de control basadas en los factores que predisponen a la infestación por piojos.Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de Pediculus capitis en niños de educación primaria para detectar factores de riesgo y conocer las características individuales y las condiciones socioeconómicas asociadas estadísticamente con la infestación.Materiales y métodos. Se incluyeron 840 escolares de seis municipios, previa firma del consentimiento informado por parte de los padres y de los niños. Los ectoparásitos se recolectaron en cada niño infestado utilizando un peine fino. Los participantes contestaron una encuesta que incluía variables individuales y socioeconómicas, como la edad, el sexo, el grado escolar, las características del cabello, el hacinamiento y la pediculosis en hermanos, entre otras.Resultados. La prevalencia de pediculosis capitis en los niños fue de 28 % (235/840), con una mayor prevalencia en las niñas (33,7 %; 140/417); los niños del quinto grado (10 a 11 años) fueron los más afectados (6,2 %; 52/840). El sexo femenino, el cabello largo y el nivel escolar de los padres se asociaron significativamente con la pediculosis capitis.Conclusiones. Los resultados demostraron que la prevalencia de pediculosis capitis en Nuevo León es una de las más altas de México y que es un problema real de salud pública, por lo cual es importante establecer programas de prevención en la escuela y en el hogar para disminuirla o controlarla con la ayuda de las autoridades de salud pública.

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Presence of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) collected from primary school children of Thailand

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0008955 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. e0008955

Author(s):

Narisa Brownell ◽

Sakone Sunantaraporn ◽

Kobpat Phadungsaksawasdi ◽

Nirin Seatamanoch ◽

Switt Kongdachalert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head Louse ◽

Point Mutations ◽

Human Head ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Head Lice ◽

Knockdown Resistance ◽

Pediculosis Capitis ◽

Α Subunit ◽

Blood Sucking

Human head lice are blood-sucking insects causing an infestation in humans called pediculosis capitis. The infestation is more prevalent in the school-aged population. Scalp itching, a common presenting symptom, results in scratching and sleep disturbance. The condition can lead to social stigmatization which can lead to loss of self-esteem. Currently, the mainstay of treatment for pediculosis is chemical insecticides such as permethrin. The extended use of permethrin worldwide leads to growing pediculicide resistance. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the presence of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in head lice populations from six different localities of Thailand. A total of 260 head lice samples in this study were collected from 15 provinces in the 6 regions of Thailand. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the α subunit of voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene, kdr mutation (C→T substitution). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns and sequencing were used to identify the kdr T917I mutation and demonstrated three genotypic forms including homozygous susceptible (SS), heterozygous genotype (RS), and homozygous resistant (RR). Of 260 samples from this study, 156 (60.00%) were SS, 58 (22.31%) were RS, and 46 (17.69%) were RR. The overall frequency of the kdr T917I mutation was 0.31. Genotypes frequencies determination using the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium found that northern, central, northeastern, southern, and western region of Thailand differed from expectation. The five aforementioned localities had positive inbreeding coefficient value (Fis > 0) which indicated an excess of homozygotes. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of RS and RR showed T917I and L920F point mutations. In conclusion, this is the first study detecting permethrin resistance among human head lice from Thailand. PCR-RFLP is an easy technique to demonstrate the kdr mutation in head louse. The data obtained from this study would increase awareness of increasing of the kdr mutation in head louse in Thailand.

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Treatment of pediculosis capitis

Indian Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.4103/0019-5154.156339 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 238 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Prashant Verma ◽

Chaitanya Namdeo

Keyword(s):

Pediculosis Capitis

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Risk Factors For The Event Of Pediculosis Capitis In The Baturaja Orphanage, South Sumatera, Indonesia

BioScientia Medicina ◽

10.32539/bsm.v5i9.354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 871-878

Author(s):

M. Farhan Fadhillah ◽

Chairil Anwar ◽

Iche Andriyani Liberty

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Laboratory Research ◽

Pediculosis Capitis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pediculus Humanus ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

And Behavior

Introduction. Pediculosis capitis is a disease of the scalp caused by infestation of Pediculus humanus capitis with symptoms such as itching and sensation of movement in the hair. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors and incidence of pediculosis capitis in the Baturaja orphanage.Methods. This research is an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional design with field and laboratory research. The population of this study were all children in the Baturaja orphanage who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as many as 172 children. All children present were taken as subjects. Data obtained by questionnaires, interviews and direct observation of the sample.Results. The results of this study showed the prevalence of pediculosis capitis in the Baturaja orphanage was 19.1%. In this study, it was found that there was a significant relationship between age (p = 0.000), education (p = 0.000), the use of shared pillows (p = 0.000), the use of shared combs (p = 0.000), the use of shared towels (p = 0.000), knowledge (p = 0.000), attitudes and behavior (p = 0.000) with the incidence of pediculosis capitis. Multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant risk factor for the incidence of pediculosis capitis in the Baturaja orphanage was age (p=0.036), while behavior was a protective factor for the incidence of pediculosis capitis.Conclusion. There is a significant relationship between age, education, use of shared pillows, use of shared combs, use of shared towels, knowledge, attitudes, behavior with the incidence of pediculosis capitis. The most dominant risk factor for the incidence of pediculosis capitis in the Baturaja orphanage is age, while behavior is a protective factor for the incidence of pediculosis capitis.

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