scholarly journals Energy poverty and its relationship with health: empirical evidence on the dynamics of energy poverty and poor health in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Brown ◽  
Esperanza Vera-Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Poverty Traps ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Poverty And Health

AbstractDoes poor health increase the likelihood of energy poverty or vice versa creating a vicious poverty trap? We use data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia (HILDA) survey from 2005–2018 to explore if these two processes are dynamically related across a number of subjective and objective measures of physical and mental health as well as subjective and objective measures of energy poverty. We employ univariate dynamic models, introduce controls for initial conditions, and explore inter-dependence between energy poverty and health using a dynamic bivariate probit model. Our results show that controlling for initial conditions impacts on the magnitude and significance of the lagged coefficients. We only find cross-dependency effects between energy poverty and health for subjective measures of energy poverty. This suggests that individuals’ feelings about being in energy poverty may impact on their health leading to poor health/energy poverty traps. Targeting individuals in financial stress/debt may be one way to reduce these poor health/energy poverty traps.

The economic recession and subjective well-being in older adults in the Republic of Ireland

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Duffy ◽  
K. Mullin ◽  
S. O’Dwyer ◽  
M. Wrigley ◽  
B. D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Future Health

ObjectiveSubjective well-being in older people is strongly associated with emotional, physical and mental health. This study investigates subjective well-being in older adults in Ireland before and after the economic recession that commenced in 2008.MethodsCross-sectional data from the biennial European Social Survey (2002–2012) were analysed for two separate groups of older adults: one sampled before the recession and one after. Stratification and linear regression modelling were used to analyse the association between subjective well-being, the recession and multiple potential confounders and effect modifiers.ResultsData were analysed on 2013 individuals. Overall, subjective well-being among older adults was 1.30 points lower after the recession compared with before the recession (s.e. 0.16; 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.61; p<0.001) [pre-recession: 16.1, out of a possible 20 (s.d. 3.24); post-recession:14.8 (s.d. 3.72)]. Among these older adults, the pre- and post-recession difference was especially marked in women, those with poor health and those living in urban areas.ConclusionsSubjective well-being was significantly lower in older adults after the recession compared with before the recession, especially in women with poor health in urban areas. Policy-makers need proactively to protect these vulnerable cohorts in future health and social policy. Future research could usefully focus on older people on fixed incomes whose diminished ability to alter their economic situation might make them more vulnerable to reduced subjective well-being during a recession.

scholarly journals Relationship between self-rated health and depression risk among children: Promoting school–medical care cooperation for child suicide prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiyo Okada ◽  
Yoshihiro Nakadoi ◽  
Ai Fujikawa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Self Rating ◽  
Health Group

Abstract Background Japan is facing a markedly high incidence of adolescent suicide. This study examines the relationship between depression and self-rated health, which is a significant factor driving people toward suicide, highlighting the importance of children’s assessments of their health. Methods In this cross-sectional study, an original questionnaire combining text and illustrations was administered to 6,421 elementary, junior, and senior high school students. To assess children’s self-rated health, we classified the survey questions into two domains: physical and mental health. We further classified the questions based on symptom duration. Depression assessment was based on the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children. To provide a basis for the effective use of the self-rated health assessment tool, we classified the respondents into three groups based on physical/mental conditions together with the duration of those conditions and made comparisons. The groups were Favorable Health, Temporarily Poor Health, and Persistently Poor Health, and the results were analyzed using an ANOVA. Results Self-rated health levels decreased, and depressive conditions worsened with age. Although most children led physically and mentally healthy school lives, the mean Depression Self-Rating Scale score was significantly higher for the Persistently Poor Health group than the other two, and the Temporarily Poor Health group scored significantly higher than the Favorable Health group for both physical and mental health (all p < 0.001). Conclusions As the Temporarily and Persistently Poor Health groups in the domains of physical and mental health are more likely to be depressed, timely cooperation between schools and medical institutions is imperative to prevent depression.

A Variational Approach To The Optimization of Gait For a Bipedal Robot

1996 ◽  
Vol 210 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
P H Channon ◽  
S H Hopkins ◽  
D T Pham
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference ◽  
Variational Approach ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Optimal Trajectories ◽  
Point Boundary ◽  
Variational Technique ◽  
Bipedal Robot ◽  
Finite Difference Technique ◽  
Linearized Model

This paper presents a method for optimizing the walking motions of a planar five-link biped. The technique starts with non-linear kinematic and dynamic models for both the single-support and impact stages of motion. A variational technique is then used to derive joint trajectories that minimize a simple cost function. The resulting two-point boundary value problem is solved using a finite difference technique, with trajectories obtained from a simple linearized model as initial conditions. Families of optimal trajectories for different step periods and step lengths are presented.

3D linked megathrust, dynamic rupture and  tsunami propagation and inundation modeling:  Dynamic effects of supershear and tsunami earthquakes 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Aniko Wirp ◽  
Alice-Agnes Gabriel ◽  
Elizabeth H. Madden ◽  
Maximilian Schmeller ◽  
Iris van Zelst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Moment Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Rupture ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Tsunami Propagation

&lt;p&gt;Earthquake rupture dynamic models capture the variability of slip in space and time while accounting for the structural complexity which is characteristic for subduction zones. The use of a geodynamic subduction and seismic cycling (SC) model to initialize dynamic rupture (DR) ensures that initial conditions are self-consistent and reflect long-term behavior. We extend the 2D geodynamical subduction and SC model of van Zelst et al. (2019) and use it as input for realistic 3-dimensional DR megathrust earthquake models. We follow the subduction to tsunami run-up linking approach described in Madden et al. (2020), including a complex subduction setup along with their resulting tsunamis. The distinct variation of shear traction and friction coefficients with depth lead to realistic average rupture speeds and dynamic stress drop as well as efficient tsunami generation.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We here analyze a total of 14 subduction-initialized 3D dynamic rupture-tsunami scenarios. By varying the hypocentral location along arc and depth, we generate 12 distinct unilateral and bilateral earthquakes with depth-variable slip distribution and directivity, bimaterial, and geometrical effects in the dynamic slip evolutions. While depth variations of the hypocenters barely influence the tsunami behavior, lateral varying nucleation locations lead to a shift in the on-fault slip which causes time delays of the wave arrival at the coast. The fault geometry of our DR model that arises during the SC model is non-planar and includes large-scale roughness. These features (topographic highs) trigger supershear rupture propagation in up-dip or down-dip direction, depending on the hypocentral depth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In two additional scenarios, we analyze variations in the energy budget of the DR scenarios. In the SC model, an incompressible medium is assumed (&amp;#957;=0.5) which is valid only for small changes in pressure and temperature. Unlike in the DR model where the material is compressible and a different Poisson&amp;#8217;s ratio (&amp;#957;=0.25) has to be assigned. Poisson&amp;#8217;s ratios between 0.1 and 0.4 stand for various compressible materials. To achieve a lower shear strength of all material on and off the megathrust fault and to facilitate slip, we increase the Poisson ratio in the DR model to &amp;#957;=0.3 which is consistent with basaltic rocks. As a result, larger fault slip is concentrated at shallower depths and generates higher vertical seafloor displacement and earthquake moment magnitude respectively. Even though the tsunami amplitudes are much higher, the same dynamic behavior as in the twelve hypocenter-variable models can be observed. Lastly, we increase fracture energy by changing the critical slip distance in the linear slip-weakening frictional parameterization. This generates a tsunami earthquake (Kanamori, 1972) characterized by low rupture velocity (on average half the amount of s-wave speed) and low peak slip rate, but at the same time large shallow fault slip and moment magnitude. The shallow fault slip of this event causes the highest vertical seafloor uplift compared to all other simulations. This leads to the highest tsunami amplitude and inundation area while the wavefront hits the coast delayed compared to the other scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;

DETERMINANTS OF AWARENESS AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR MORINGA LEAVE AS VEGETABLE IN SOUTH WEST NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
T. O. OYEKALE
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Recursive Bivariate Probit ◽  
South West ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Calcium Iron

Moringa oleifera is a nutritious tree plant that has several uses. Moringa leaves contain Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Calcium, Iron, Potassium, and it has good quality protein.  Moringa leave could be used in treating malnutrition. It also contains antioxidants which could help in treating certain diseases. This study examined the factors influencing awareness and willingness to pay for moringa. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting the respondents.  Data were analyzed using Recursive Bivariate Probit Model. The result shows that mean age of respondents was 44 years and the mean household size was 5. The result further revealed that 80.5 percent of the respondents were aware of moringa while 80.1 percent were willing to pay for moringa. The result of the model of awareness of moringa revealed that awareness increases willingness to pay for moringa (p<0.01). The factors that influences awareness were age and occupation of the respondents, knowledge of the nutritive benefits of moringa, perception of respondents that moringa vegetable is too expensive and respondents preference for other vegetable while the factors that influences willingness to pay for moringa were occupation of the respondents, knowledge of other uses of moringa, respondents perception that moringa vegetable is sweet,  non availability of fresh moringa vegetable and respondents preference for other vegetable. There is need to increase the awareness of nutritive benefits of moringa vegetable and encourage the availability of fresh moringa foe sale in the local markets.  

scholarly journals Analyzing Determining Factors of Young Graduates’ Decision to Stay in Lagged Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjin Woo ◽  
Euijune Kim
Keyword(s):  
College Graduates ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Spatial Choice ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Home Village ◽  
Decision To Stay

This study identifies what factors have effects on college graduates’ decisions to stay for jobs in lagged regions using a bivariate probit model with sample selection. The results show that strong preferences for a home village and a university region contribute to the decision about job location concerning the regions. In addition, low living costs have much significant impact on spatial choice compared with economic factors, such as the levels of wage and job security. The long-term economic growth of lagged regions could be affected by a preference of high-school graduates to attend local universities.

10-year Trajectories of Alcohol Consumption in Older Adult New Zealanders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ágnes Szabó ◽  
Andy Towers ◽  
Janie Sheridan ◽  
David Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Growth Curve Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Analysis ◽  
New Zealanders

Abstract Objective Older adults are often treated as a homogenous drinking group, but research suggests they engage with alcohol in various ways, ranging from abstention to heavy drinking. The study aimed to 1) identify subgroups of older adults based on changes in frequency and quantity of alcohol use over ten years, and 2) examine co-occurring changes in mental and physical health. Methods Data were collected between 2006 and 2016 biennially from 2632 New Zealanders (55-70 years old at baseline). Latent class growth analysis was performed to identify trajectories of alcohol use. Co-occurring changes in physical and mental health were examined using latent growth curve analysis. Results Five drinking profiles emerged: 1) infrequent, low quantity consumers; 2) highly frequent, low quantity consumers; 3) moderately frequent, high quantity consumers; 4) moderately frequent, low quantity consumers; and 5) highly frequent, high quantity consumers. Drinking trajectories demonstrated no change or slight declines in frequency and quantity over time. Frequent and moderately frequent, high quantity drinking was more prevalent among men, younger participants, and active smokers. Moderately frequent, heavy drinkers were in very poor health. Frequent and moderately frequent, low quantity drinking was associated with better health and economic wellbeing. Infrequent, low quantity consumers were more likely to be women and in poor health. Discussion The five drinking profiles indicate that older adults engage with alcohol in diverse ways. Two of these patterns indicated potentially hazardous use, which highlights the need for screening and intervention in this age group.

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