scholarly journals Analyzing Determining Factors of Young Graduates’ Decision to Stay in Lagged Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjin Woo ◽  
Euijune Kim
Keyword(s):  
College Graduates ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Spatial Choice ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Home Village ◽  
Decision To Stay

This study identifies what factors have effects on college graduates’ decisions to stay for jobs in lagged regions using a bivariate probit model with sample selection. The results show that strong preferences for a home village and a university region contribute to the decision about job location concerning the regions. In addition, low living costs have much significant impact on spatial choice compared with economic factors, such as the levels of wage and job security. The long-term economic growth of lagged regions could be affected by a preference of high-school graduates to attend local universities.

scholarly journals Conservation Adoption Among Owners and Tenant Farmers in the Southern United States

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Naveen Adusumilli ◽  
Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Tenant Farmers ◽  
Conservation Adoption

This study investigates owner and tenant characteristics and differences between these two groups in their participation in federal conservation initiatives. Bivariate probit model analysis, based on a 2016–2017 Louisiana row-crop producer’s survey show that owners, relative to tenant farmers, are more likely to adopt conservation in early years of ownership. The results emphasize the need for mechanisms for tenants in short-term contracts to invest in long-term conservation. Moreover, conservation initiatives should be tailored, as tenant farmers are increasingly farming more land and policies should carefully account for this growing group of farmers.

Was it worth it? An empirical analysis of over-education among PhD recipients in Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lucio Gaeta
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Doctoral Graduates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Econometric Analyses

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical examination of factors associated with over-education among PhD graduates in Italy. Design/methodology/approach – The investigation is based on recently released data collected by the Italian National Institute of Statistics by means of interviews with a large sample of PhD recipients, carried out a few years after they obtained their PhD degree. The author measured the mismatch between the current job and previous PhD studies using two direct subjective evaluations of over-education, which distinguish between the usefulness of the PhD title to get the current job position and to perform the current work activities. Even if the incidence of over-education varies according to the measurement applied, the author found that it is highly widespread among PhD recipients. The econometric analyses are aimed at identifying factors associated with over-education and are based on the standard probit model and the bivariate probit model with sample selection which allows to control for self selection into employment. Findings – The results show that over-education is significantly correlated with: first, a number of PhD-related variables, such as the scientific field of study, having attended courses or visiting periods abroad; second, some job-related characteristics, such as working in the academia or being mainly involved in research-related activities; third, the channel of access to the job; and fourth, residential location. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature focusing on job-education mismatch by providing, to the best of the author’s knowledge, the first empirical analysis of over-education among PhD recipients in Italy; moreover, it provides some useful insights to evaluate the professional doctoral graduates in Italy.

scholarly journals The Long-term Consequences of Ordeals: Evidence from the Chinese Sent-Down Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhong Peng
Keyword(s):  
College Graduates ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The Impact

The Chinese sent-down movement between the mid 1950s to the late 1970s is a suffering period for Chinese sent-down youths. Using the treatment effect model and the ordered probit model, we examine the impact of sent-down experience on sent-down youths’ income and happiness based on the sample of CGSS2003 and CGSS2006. By doing so, we can explore the long-term consequences of one’s suffering experience. The overall sample regression results show that sent-down experience increase 42% of individuals’ income, while reducing 13% of individuals’ happiness. Sub-sample analysis results are robust to the collusion that the sent-down experience makes a positive impact on income and a negative impact on happiness. This study provides objective evidence for the historical evaluation of sent-down movement, new interpretation for the Easterlin paradox from the view of personality latitude, new empirical evidence for supporting the new human capital theory, useful inspiration for the current sent-down policy of college graduates’ employment.

State legitimacy and tax compliance among small and medium scale enterprises: a case study of Dodowa district, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Gyamfi Ababio ◽  
Arthur Gnonsio Mangueye
Keyword(s):  
Sample Selection ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sizable Proportion

Purpose Improving tax compliance would drive the needed development in Ghana. Small and medium scale enterprises (SME) constitute a sizable proportion of the Ghanaian economy but its contribution to tax revenue is below expectation. This study aims to determine whether SME's perception of state legitimacy affects tax compliance. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire was administered to 200 SMEs randomly drawn from Dodowa in the Shai-Osudoku District of Greater Accra Region. Descriptive statistics and the Probit model with sample selection were used to analyse the data. Findings The study found that SME's perception of government legitimacy exerts a significant negative effect on reducing profit to avoid tax liability (ß = −0.0305, p < 0.05). Other factors such as education and fear of fines and penalties were also found to reduce the likelihood that the firm would reduce profit to avoid high tax liability. Still, tax knowledge had a positive effect on this behaviour. Practical implications This study would help deepen policymakers' knowledge of how to improve tax compliance among SMEs in Ghana. Originality/value The originality of this work is that it explicitly models the role of fiscal exchange theory in explaining tax compliance among SMEs in Ghana by using robust methodology.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted diseases in a specialized STD healthcare center: epidemiology and demographic profile from january 1999 to december 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Jorge Fagundes ◽  
Elso Elias Vieira Junior ◽  
Ana Carolina Marteline Cavalcante Moysés ◽  
Fernão Dias de Lima ◽  
Fátima Regina Borges de Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Male Patients

BACKGROUND: Sexually Transmitted Diseases are still considered a serious public health problem in Brazil and worldwide.OBJECTIVE: To examine Sexually Transmitted Diseases prevalence and the sickness impact profile of STDs in a reference health center specializing in the treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases.METHOD: We collected epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory data from the medical records and interviews of 4,128 patients who had attended the center from January 1999 to December 2009.RESULTS: Male patients outnumbered (76%) females (24%), Caucasians outnumbered (74.3%) those of mixed race (14.8%), blacks (10.8%) and Asians (0.1%). STD occurrence was higher in the 20-29 age group (46.2%) This population included 34.7% high school graduates, 8.7% college graduates and 0.8% illiterates. As for affective-sexual orientation, 86.5% were heterosexual, 7.8% homosexual and 5.5% bisexual. Regarding patients' sexual practices over the previous 30 days, 67.7% reported sexual intercourse with one person, 8.6% had had sex with two persons and 3.9%, with three or more people. The highest incidence of STD was condyloma acuminata, affecting 29.4% of all the patients, genital candidiasis 14.2%, and genital herpes 10.6%. Of the 44.3% who submitted to serologic testing for HIV detection 5% were positive, with a ratio of 6.8 males to 1 female.CONCLUSIONS:STD prevalence remains high in Brazil and it is necessary to invest in early detection, prevention and treatment.

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