Drought Stress, Effect on Soil Mechanical Impedance and Root (Crop) Growth

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Root Crop

scholarly journals Is Crop Growth model Able to Reproduce Drought Stress Caused by Rain-Out Shelters Above Winter Wheat?

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Markéta Wimmerová ◽  
Petr Hlavinka ◽  
Eva Pohanková ◽  
Kurt Christian Kersebaum ◽  
Miroslav Trnka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Crop Growth Model ◽  
Precipitation Reduction

This study evaluates drought stress effect on winter wheat. Simultaneously, the ability of the HERMES crop growth model to reproduce the process correctly was tested. The field experiment was conducted at Domanínek station in 2014 and 2015, where mobile rain-out shelters were installed on plots of winter wheat (May 2015). Precipitation was reduced in three replications and the findings were compared with results from control plots with ambient precipitation. A precipitation reduction of 93 mm led to reduced growth and decrease in grain yields. The results of this study showed that the model was able to reproduce soil moisture content well and reproduce the drought stress for crop yields of winter wheat to a certain extent. When rain-out shelters were used, real winter wheat yields were reduced by 1.7 t/ha. The model underestimated the yields for the sheltered variant by 0.67 t/ha on average against observed yields and overestimated development of leaf area for both unsheltered and sheltered variants. This overestimation was partly explained by the effect of excluded UV radiation. The outcome of this paper may help to reduce uncertainty within simulated yields of winter wheat under extreme weather conditions through a better understanding of model behavior.

scholarly journals HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESS EFFECT IN WHEAT GENOTYPES: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
Sandesh Paudel ◽  
Netra Prasad Pokharel ◽  
Susmita Adhikari ◽  
Sarah Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) belonging to family Poaceae is the most important cereal crop as it contributes major portion to the world food for the world’s population. Similarly, it is the third most cultivated cereal crop in Nepal in terms of production and area. Wheat is a winter season crop which is usually grown within a temperature range of 15-250C in cold and dry weather. However frequent irrigations are crucial for proper growth of the plant, high yield and high quality of the grain. The annual productivity of wheat has been reported to be 2.49 tons per hectare. Water is found to be one of the most important factors in wheat production and by far not a single water stress tolerant variety has been introduced thus water management is necessary. In Nepal around 35% of the total wheat is cultivated under rainfed condition annually and in Terai this is around 19%. This cultivated area faces a severe drought stress during growing stage and heat stress during anthesis stage. Various studies have suggested that the combined impacts of drought and heat stress had a significant harmful effect on wheat than individual stresses (Stress and Review, 2017). Under drought stress days to anthesis and days to maturity were reduced by 10% and 14% while under heat stress these were reduced by 16% and 20% respectively. Combined effect of drought and heat stress caused reduction in DTA by 25% DTH by and 31%.

Drought stress effect on polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity of cowpea pods and seeds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Carvalho ◽  
Irene Gouvinhas ◽  
Isaura Castro ◽  
Manuela Matos ◽  
Eduardo Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Polyphenolic Content

scholarly journals Reduction of drought stress effect in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by nitrogen fertilization

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krček ◽  
P. Slamka ◽  
K. Olšovská ◽  
M. Brestič ◽  
M. Benčíková
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Optimum Water

An effect of nitrogen rates (0.0 g, 1.0 g, 2.0 g N per pot) on NRA (nitrate reductase activity) in leaves of spring barley (cultivar Kompakt) was investigated in a pot experiment. Plants were grown under optimum moisture regime and drought stress was induced during the growth stages of tillering, shooting and earing. Before and after respective stress period plants were grown under optimal water regime. In all the fertilized and unfertilized treatments, NRA was significantly higher under optimal water regime than in drought stress conditions. Nitrogen fertilization alleviated adverse effects of drought stress on the yields of grain; the rate of 1 g N per pot increased the grain yield of plants stressed during tillering 3.73 times compared to unfertilized and stressed treatment. When the stress was induced during shooting or earing grain yields declined by over 50% compared to optimal water regime; when compared with stressed and unfertilized treatment, the rate of 1 g N however increased yield by 29% (stress at shooting) and 55% (stress at earing). NRA values were significantly higher when plants were grown under optimum water regime than under stress conditions as well as when fertilized with nitrogen compared to unfertilized control both under optimum water regime and drought stress.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF APHIS FABAE DEVELOPMENT AND BIOCONTROL OF ITS NUMBER ON RED BEET CROPS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
I. V. Kyrychuk
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Maturity Groups

Biological features, population dynamics and harmfulness of Aphis fabae on red beet crops in Ukrainian Woodlands were specified. The degree of phytophag population on red beet of the varieties of different maturity groups and under different seeding terms was detected. The efficiency of biological agents Aktofit 0.2 % emulsifiable concentrate, Bitoksybatsylin (BTU) and insecticide Konfidor water-soluble concentrate was determined. It was detected that the agents reduced the pest population (Bitoksybatsylin (BTU) by 77.5 %, Aktofit 0.2 % emulsifiable concentrate — 77.8 %, Konfidor watersoluble concentrate — 78.7 %) and provided root crop growth by 12 %.

scholarly journals Drought stress imposes reversible photosynthetic damage under fluctuating light conditions in crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuma Sakoda ◽  
Kazuki Taniyoshi ◽  
Wataru Yamori ◽  
Yu Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Photosynthetic Induction ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Fluctuating Light ◽  
Dynamic Photosynthesis

Drought stress is a major limiting factor for crop growth and yield. Water availability in the field can cyclically change between drought and rewatering conditions, depending on precipitation patterns. Concurrently, light intensity under field conditions can fluctuate, inducing dynamic photosynthesis and transpiration during crop growth period. The present study aimed to characterize carbon gain and water use in fluctuating light under drought and rewatering conditions by conducting gas exchange measurements in two major crops, namely rice and soybean. In both crops, drought stress reduced steady-state photosynthesis and/or photosynthetic capacity, and delayed photosynthetic induction even when it had relatively small impact on photosynthetic capacity, suggesting that the drought effects on photosynthesis should be evaluated based on induction, maximum, and steady states. This delayed photosynthetic induction resulted in a substantial loss of carbon gain under fluctuating light conditions, which can be a limiting factor for crop growth and yield in the field. Meanwhile, rewatering after drought conditions completely recovered photosynthetic capacity and induction in both crops, whereas drought experience would be memorized to slow down the stomatal opening. Therefore, the stability of photosynthetic induction can be a promising target to improve drought tolerance during crop breeding in the future.

Drought stress: Effect on morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes and its management in wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Vaishali ◽  
Aastha ◽  
Vishakha Burman ◽  
Khyati Lehari ◽  
Naresh Pratap Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

scholarly journals Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial Mitigation of Drought Stress in Crop Plants: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omena Ojuederie ◽  
Oluwaseyi Olanrewaju ◽  
Olubukola Babalola
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Abiotic stresses arising from climate change negates crop growth and yield, leading to food insecurity. Drought causes oxidative stress on plants, arising from excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to inadequate CO2, which disrupts the photosynthetic machinery of plants. The use of conventional methods for the development of drought-tolerant crops is time-consuming, and the full adoption of modern biotechnology for crop enhancement is still regarded with prudence. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could be used as an inexpensive and environmentally friendly approach for enhancing crop growth under environmental stress. The various direct and indirect mechanisms used for plant growth enhancement by PGPR were discussed. Synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane−1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enhances plant nutrient uptake by breaking down plant ACC, thereby preventing ethylene accumulation, and enable plants to tolerate water stress. The exopolysaccharides produced also improves the ability of the soil to withhold water. PGPR enhances osmolyte production, which is effective in reducing the detrimental effects of ROS. Multifaceted PGPRs are potential candidates for biofertilizer production to lessen the detrimental effects of drought stress on crops cultivated in arid regions. This review proffered ways of augmenting their efficacy as bio-inoculants under field conditions and highlighted future prospects for sustainable agricultural productivity.

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